2010年职称英语考试理工类B级真题及参考答案

2010年职称英语考试理工类B级真题及参考答案

（备注：每道题中的红色字体为正确选项）

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Patricia stared at the other girls with (resentment). A．anger B．doubt C．love D．surprise 2. The document was (compiled) by the Department of Health.

A．written B．printed C．attached D．sent 3. He’s spent years (cultivating) a knowledge of art.

A．sharing B．using C．denying D．developing 4. We’ve seen a (marked) shift in our approach to the social issues.

A．clear B．regular C．quick D．great 5. Her father was a quiet man with (graceful) manners.

A．polite B．similar C．usual D．bad 6. I want to provide my boys with a (decent) education.

A．good B．special C．private D．general 7. In the process, the light energy (converts) to heat energy.

A．changes B．reduces C．leaves D．drops 8. Many cities have (restricted) smoking in public places.

A．limited B．allowed C．stopped D．kept 9. What are my chances of (promotion) if I stay here.

A．retirement B．advertisement C．advancement D．replacement 10. If we leave now, we should (miss) the traffic.

A．direct B．stop C．mix D．avoid 11. There was a (profound) silence after is remark.

A．proud B．short C．sudden D．deep 12. I enjoyed the play- it had a clever plot and very (funny) dialogues.

A．long B．boring C．original D．humorous 13. The thief was finally (captured) two miles away from the village.

A．caught B．killed C．found D．jailed 14. Such a database would be extremely costly to (set up).

A．transfer B．destroy C．establish D．update 15. The two banks have announced plans to (merge) nest year.

A．combine B．sell C．close D．break

2010年职称英语考试理工类 B级真题及参考答案 第二部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

A Great Quake Coming? Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the Bay Area — and they can be devastating. In 1906, for example, a major quake destroyed about 28,000 buildings and killed hundreds, perhaps thousands of people. Residents now wonder when the next “Big One” will strike. It’s bound to happen someday. At least seven active fault（断层）lines run through the San Francisco area. Faults are places where pieces of Earth’s crust（地壳）slide past each other. When these pieces slip, the ground shakes.

To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens. One new finding about the 1906 quake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time. During small earthquakes, faults rupture（断裂）at about 2.7 kilometers per second. During bigger quakes, however, recent observations show that ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second. At such high speeds, massive amounts of pressure build up, generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself. Lucky for San Francisco, these pressure pulses（脉冲）traveled away from the city during the 1906 event. As bad as the damage was, it could have been far worse.

Looking ahead, scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur. Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906. Since then, the area has been relatively quiet. Patterns in the data, however, suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent.

New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes. Still, more than 84 percent of the city’s buildings are old and weak. Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage.

People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while. According to the new research, however, it’s not a matter of “if” the Big One will hit. It’s just a matter of when.

16. The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines.

A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

17. The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history.

A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 18. The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per

second.

A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 1314 每天1小时 4周攻克职称英语周计划 理工类（适用于A B C级） 19. Earthquakes rarely happened in San Francisco before 1906. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 20. San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 21. Scientists will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 22. A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 Natural Gas Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth’s surface. It is a fossil fuel（矿物燃料）, meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago. The main component of natural gas is methane（甲烷）. The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure（基础设施）has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential, commercial and industrial customers worldwide. Today, natural gas service is available in all 50 states, and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries. More than 65 million American homes use natural gas. In fact, natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs, costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heating homes, much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products, from paint, to fibers for clothing, to plastics for healthcare, computing and furnishings. Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.

Natural gas one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits less pollution than other fossil fuel sources. When natural gas is burned, it produces mostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and water vapor — the same substances emitted when humans exhale. Compared with some other fossil fuels, natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃烧）— making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all.

The United States consumes about one-third of the world’s natural gas output, making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.

There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth’s surface. The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia, West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG（液化天然气）has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades. Today, the leading importers of LNG are Japan, Korea, France and Spain.

2010年职称英语考试理工类 B级真题及参考答案 16. Paragraph 2 A 17. Paragraph 3 D 18. Paragraph 4 F 19. Paragraph 5 B

A．Popularity and use of natural gas B．Natural gas reserves and supply C．Natural gas price D．Clean fuel of choice

E．Disadvantages of natural gas F．Natural gas consumption 20. Natural gas is stored deep F

21. Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source D 22. When manufacturing many different products, people commonly use natural gas E 23. It is estimated that by 2025 the natural gas demand in the United State will increase C A．over the past 50 years B．beneath the earth’s surface C．by more than 50 percent D．for home energy use E．as a raw material

F．beneath the earth’s surface

15第四部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇

Walking to Exercise the Brain

Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too.

New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn’t exercise.

Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember, and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel. Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don’t. Their brain cells also make more connections.

Neuroscientists from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people. First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 to 77, after each person walked 1 mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.

Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, and their answers were just as accurate as their less-fit peers, the researchers found. The fitter participants also had more blood

16 每天1小时 4周攻克职称英语周计划 理工类（适用于A B C级） flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions. In a second study, 15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time. So, even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help. That should be good news for your grandparents. The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven’t been studied yet. Still, it can’t hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends. You might even do better in school. Whatever you do, though, don’t try to read and walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself! 31. Walking regularly helps elderly people A．lose weight B．become happier C．concentrate better D．look younger 32. After taking exercise for a few weeks, the mice were found to have A．higher blood pressure B．faster heartbeat C．more blood flow to the brain D．better appearance 33. The first study on 41 elderly people found A．the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster B．the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster C．the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers D．the fitter participants gave more accurate answers 34. It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least

A．3 minutes B．45 minutes C．30 minutes D．10 minutes 35. It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should

A．run around once a week B．not read and walk at the same time C．go for a walk every day D．not hurt their friends while exercising

第二篇

Night of the Living Ants

When an ant dies, other ants move the dead insect out of the nest. This behavior is interesting to scientists, who wonder how ants know for sure — and so soon — that another ant is dead.

Dong-Hwan Choe, a scientist at the University of California found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead — take me away.”

But there’s a twist to Choe’s discovery. These ants are a little bit like zombies（僵尸）. Choe says that the living ants — not just the dead ones — have this death chemicals. In other words, while an ant crawls around, perhaps in a picnic or home, it’s telling other ants that it’s dead.

What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead? Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies, and these tell nearby ants something like, “Wait — I’m not dead yet,” So Choe’s research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants: one says, “I’m dead,”

2010年职称英语考试理工类 B级真题及参考答案 the other set says, “I’m not dead yet.”

Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead. If an ant is knocked unconscious, other ants leave it alone until it wakes up. That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive.

Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies, the chemical that says “Wait — I’m not dead yet” quickly goes away. Once that chemical is gone, only the one that says “I’m dead” is left. “It’s because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard（墓地）, not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death,” said Choe. When other ants detect the “dead’ ’ chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they haul away the body. This was Choe’s hypothesis（假设）.

To test his hypothesis, Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae（蛹）. When the scientists used the “I’m dead” chemical, other ants quickly hauled the treated pupae away. When the scientists used the “Wait — I’m not dead yet” chemicals, other ants left the treated pupae alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemicals override（优先于）the “dead” chemical when picked up by adult ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemicals fade away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.

36. What is meant by “death chemical” mentioned in paragraph 3? A．A chemical that contains poison. B．A chemical that causes death. C．A chemical that announces death. √ D．A chemical that prevents death. 37. Which of the following statements is NOT true of ants? A．Ants know very soon that another ant is dead.

B．When an ant is dead, others move its body out of the nest. C．If an ant is unconscious, it is moved out of the nest. √ D．Living ants have the “I’m dead” chemical on their bodies. 38. According to Choe’s hypothesis,

A．an ant still smells like a living when it dies.

B．the “I am dead” chemical leaves the ant’s body when it dies. C．the “I am not dead yet” chemical is left when an ant dies.

D．the “I am not dead yet” chemical leaves the ant’s body when it dies. √ 39. According to paragraph 7, what is the result of the test on Choe’s hyothesis?

A．It shows that his hypothesis is wrong.

B．It proves that his hypothesis is convincing. √ C．It suggests that his hypothesis needs revising.

D．Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis. 40. The passage “Night of the Living Ants” tells us about

A．how an ant is moved out of the nest at nigh B．what an ant does at night

1718 每天1小时 4周攻克职称英语周计划 理工类（适用于A B C级） C．how an ant finds its way in darkness D．what happens when an ant dies√ 第三篇 The Iceman On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height(10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters）, the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than just usual and so the body had come to the surface. It was lying face downward. The skeleton（骨架） was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮） and a holder for arrows. Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World WarⅠ, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old. With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C., he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of battle. It may have been part of a large war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.

By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. we may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.

41. The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because

A．two Germans were climbing mountains. B．he was just on a mountain pass. C．the melted ice made him visible. √ D．he was lying on the ice. 42. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?

A．The iceman could have died from the wound in the head. √ B．The iceman was struck dead from behind. C．The iceman was killed while working. D．The iceman lived a poor life.

2010年职称英语考试理工类 B级真题及参考答案 43. All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT A．he was a soldier in World War I. B．he came from Italy √

C．he was a Swiss woman’s long-lost father. D．He was born about a thousand years ago. 44. The scientists made the deduction that the iceman A．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead. B．has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death. C．was probably in some kind of a battle. √ D．had got a wound on the back of his head.

45. The word “bandits” in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by A．robbers √ B．shooters C．soldiers D．hunters 第五部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分） 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

Semco At 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his father’s business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts for ships. Semler Junior worked like a madman, from 7:30 am, until midnight every day. One afternoon, while touring a factory in New York, he collapsed. The doctor who treated him said,“ There’s nothing wrong with you. But if you continue like this, you’ll find a new home in our hospital.” Semler got the message. He changed the way he worked. In fact, he changed the ways his employees worked too.

He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong. He allowed them to set their own salaries, and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary, like receptionists and secretaries. A (46). “Everyone at Semco, even top managers, meets guests in reception, does the photocopying, sends faxes, types letters and dials the phone.”

He completely reorganized the office: instead of walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses can’t shut themselves away from everyone else. C (47). As for uniforms, some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts.

Semler says, “We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour. He doesn’t even pretend to be busy. But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea. Rubin springs into action. B (48). That’s when he earns his salary. No one cares if he doesn’t look busy the rest of the time.

Semco has flexible working hours: the employees decide when they need to arrive at work. The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year. F (49).

It sounds perfect, but does it work? The answer is in the numbers: in the last six years,

1920 每天1小时 4周攻克职称英语周计划 理工类（适用于A B C级） Semco’s revenues have gone from $35 million to $212 million. The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3,000. Why? Semler says it’s because of “peer pressure”. Peer pressure makes employees work hard fro everyone else. E (50). In other words, Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults. And they do. A．saved money and brought more equality to the company. B．He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them. C．And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want. D．Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work. E．If someone isn’t doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue. F． Also, Semco lets its workers use the company’s machines for their own projects, and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year. 第六部分：完形填空（第52～65题，每题1分，共15分） 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints（指纹）. Losing them could become troublesome. A case released (51) online in a letter by Annals of Oncology（肿瘤学） indicates how big a problem (52) of losing fingerprints is. Eng-Huat Tan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capecitabine to treat (53) his nasopharyngeal cancer（鼻咽癌）. After three years on the drug (54), the patient decided to visit U.S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U.S. customs officials for (55) 4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn’t get fingerprints from the man. There were no distinctive (56) swirly marks appearing from his index finger.

U.S. customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. Unfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler, one potential side (57) effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads. Hence (58), no fingerprints.

“It is uncertain when fingerprint loss (59) will begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine,” Tan points out. So he cautions_(60) any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with a doctor’s note (61) pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.

Eventually, the Singapore traveler made it into the United States. I guess the name on his passport didn’t raise any red flags. But he’s also now got the explanatory doctor’s note — and won’t leave home without (62) it.

By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration（美国食品药物管理局）, which (63) approved use of the drug 11 years ago, should consider updating its list of side effects associated (64)

2010年职称英语考试理工类 B级真题及参考答案 with this medicine. The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting（呕吐）, stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where does (65) it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints. 51．A．released B．suggested C．accepted D．detected 52．A．problem B．gap C．sickness D．secret 53．A．cut B．treat C．find D．smooth 54．A．diet B．exercise C．recovery D．drug 55．A．in 56．A．different B57．A．good 58．A．However B59．A．chance B60．A．reports B61．A．note 62．A．on B63．A．who B64．A．collected B65．A．must

B．for ．strange CB．side ．Meanwhile ．mark ．discourage B．name C．out ．when ．copied B．does C．at D．interesting C．normal DC．Hence C．loss C．cautions ．book DC．without C．which C．associated C．can D．from D．distinctive ．main D．Yet D．danger D．praise ．number D．off D．where D．tested ．should 21