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定语从句

来源:华佗小知识

  unit 7 the sea

  语法•剖析

  关系副词引导的定语从句;引导词前有介词的定语从句

  1.观察下列句子:��

  the place where i went last summer is the mountain tai.我去去的地方是泰山。 ��

  i remember the days when i stayed in thailand.我还记得在泰国的那些日子。��

  the reason why jack is so happy is that he passed the exam.杰克之所以那么高兴是因为他通过了考试。��

  我们已经学习了用关系代词that,which,who/whom引导的定语从句。回忆一下规则,我们可以判断,以上的三个句子不可以用这几个关系代词引导。因为,关系代词要在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,而这几个句子中,定语从句部分均不缺这两种成分,所以,应该使用关系副词 where,when 和why。显然,where的先行词应该是表示地点的名词或代词,when的先行词是表示时间的名词或代词;而why的先行词应该是表示原因的名词reason。

  2.我们对上面的三个句子作些改变:��

  the place to which i went last summer is the mountain tai.��

  i remember the days in which i stayed in thailand.��

  the reason for which jack is so happy is that he passed the exam.��

  可以看出,上面的三个句子都需要代词来引导,并作介词的宾语。所以,我们要用关系代词which 或that。但是,that是不能跟在介词之后引导定语从句的。因此,这三个句子都用which来作引导词。

  3.介词放在关系代词之前的注意事项:��

  (1)有的介词是定语从句中词组的固定搭配拆开的结果,即用什么介词由从句中的动词决定。如:��

  he is the boy who/whom i was talking to.他是我刚才与之交谈的男孩。��

  →he is the boy to whom i was talking.��

  (2)有的介词是根据句意添加上去的,即用什么介词由先行词决定。如:��

  this is the subject on which he made great progress.这就是他取得巨大进步的科目。��

  he employed 30 men,of whom 12 were from his hometown.他雇了30个人,其中有12个是他的老乡。��

  (3)定语从句中的词组若是十分密切的固定搭配,一般不可拆开。如:��

  is this the pen that/which you are looking for?这是你在找的那枝笔吗?��

  the baby who/whom my sister takes care of is so lovely.我姐姐照顾的那个婴儿是如此的可爱。(4)表时间的“介词+which”=when;表地点的“介词+which”=where;表原因的“for+which”=why。

  复习英语中的比较结构��

  1.比较结构通常有下列表现形式:��

  (1)表述两者或两者以上在某方面相似:as...as...��

  (2)表述两者或两者以上在某方面程度不同:not as...as...;more...than...��

  (3)表述某人或某物在某方面的独特或独一无二:the most+adj.��如:��

  mike is as tall as our p.e.teacher.麦克和体育老师一样高。��

  i am not as tall as mike,that is,he is taller than i.

  �の也蝗缏罂烁撸�也就是说,他比我高。��

  mike is the tallest boy in our class,that is,no one is taller than him.

  �ぢ罂耸俏颐前嗌献罡叩哪猩�,就是说,没人比他更高。

  2.几种特殊的比较结构:

  (1)表述某人或某物在某方面无与伦比:��

  won’t find a more...=be the most... 如:��

  mick is the tallest boy in our class,that is,you won�餿 find a taller boy here!

  �ぢ罂耸俏颐前嗌献罡叩哪猩�,就是说,在这里,你不会见到比他更高的男生了。��

  (2)表述“越……就越……”:the more...,the more... 如:��

  the more he eats,the fatter he becomes;the fatter he becomes,the less confident he will be.

  �こ缘迷蕉啵�他就越胖;变得越胖,他就越没有自信。��

  (3)表述某人或某物在某方面的程度成倍数关系:��

  ①倍数+as...as:是……的几倍��

  ②倍数+more...than:比……程度强/多几倍��

  ③倍数+the+抽象名词(表示“量度、程度”等意义的词):是……的几倍 如:��

  “长江的长度是这条河的三倍”有三种表达方式:��

  the changjiang river is three times as long as this river.��

  the changjiang river is twice longer than this river.��

  the changjiang river is three times the length of this river.

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