2010年考研英语二阅读及新题型答案解析

　　21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____-。

　　A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victories

　　B. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids

　　C. Beautiful inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces

　　D. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis33623 037

　　选【D】，因为第一段段尾句As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 即雷曼兄弟公司破产。

正门对面

　　22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____ 。

　　A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions

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　　B. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries

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　　C. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent

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　　D. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying业

　　选【A】，本题迷惑选项为C，文章第三段只强调了  collectors stayed away；Sales fell，并没有强调“收藏时尚早在这之前就已经大大降温了”。

　　23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.33623 037

　　B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum。

　　C. The market generally went downward in various ways。

　　D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come。

　　选【B】因为文章第二段只说了The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003.并没有说比别的行业更有势头冲劲。

　　24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____

　　A. auction houses' favorites

　　B. contemporary trends

　　C. factors promoting artwork circulation

　　D. styles representing impressionists

　　选【C】本题其实属于猜词题，问3Ds是什么含义，根据最后一段的上下文的含义，上一段段尾句说：But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom。”；以及3Ds之前的句子，there are still buyers in the market；Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher；not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell能感觉到后文应该继续表示有信心，对将来乐观。所以选C。

　　25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___

　　A. Fluctuation of Art Prices

　　B. Up-to-date Art Auctions

　　C. Art Market in Decline

　　D. Shifted Interest in Arts

　　选【C】，文章从第二段开始就说虽然大家还是有信心，但艺术收藏市场不景气。

　　Text 2 26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?

　　A. Talking to them.       B. Trusting them.   

　　C. Supporting their careers.          D. Sharing housework。

　　选【A】，根据第一段women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them.。

　　27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably means ___。

　　A. generating motivation.            B. exerting influence

　　C. causing damage              D. creating pressure

　　选【C】，本题属于猜词题，从下文主要内容来看，夫妻缺乏沟通会导致离婚，即对婚姻产生破坏作用。

　　28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______

　　A. men tend to talk more in public tan women

　　B. nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation

　　C. women attach much importance to communication between couples

　　D a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse

　　选【B】，注意本题是选错误选项，ACD都是正确的，但是B选项错误的原因是偷换了50%的比率对象。文章只说了the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，即目前美国离婚率为50%，并没有说50%的离婚率是因为缺乏沟通造成的，B选项的说法大大低于文章前一句话所说的most of the women gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorce。

　　29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

　　A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists。

　　B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities。

　　C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage。

　　D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different。

　　选【D】，文章主题强调男女说话交流模式不一样。AB中的moral和inequality不符合原文。C是无中生有。

　　30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______

　　A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk

　　B. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon

　　C. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S。

　　D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker

　　选【B】，本文围绕着男女交流不一样，导致离婚这一现象展开，所以下文具体会阐述这副图的的细节讨论这个现象。

　　Text 3　31. According to Dr.Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________。

　　[A] should be further cultivated

　　[B] should be changed gradually

　　[C] are deeply rooted in history

　　[D] are basically private concerns

　　选【A】，本题关键词Dr. Curtis，定位于第二段，A选项和第二段段尾句“how to create new behaviors that happen automatically” 相同含义。

　　32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____

　　[A] reveal their impact on people’ habits

　　[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities

　　[C] indicate their effect on people’ buying power

　　[D] manifest the significant role of good habits

　　选【A】，本题迷惑选项是D，其实文章没有强调这是好习惯，只是中立的立场描述了这些产品影响了人们的习惯。

　　33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?

　　[A]Tide          [B] Crest     [C] Colgate           [D] Unilever

　　选【D】，根据第四和第六自然段的段尾句，发现只有Unilever文章没有阐述是否它帮助了人们产生习惯。

　　34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____

　　[A]perfected art of products

　　[B]automatic behavior creation

　　[C]commercial promotions

　　[D]scientific experiments

　　选【C】，根据文章后四段，不难发现商业广告是主要原因，所以选C。

　　35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____

　　[A]indifferent                [B]negative           [C]positive              [D]biased

　　选【B】，作者对于商业广告用的形容词：在第四段是shrewd(狡猾的，精明的)，在第7段是ruthless(无情的，残忍的)，说明作者对于广告的作用的观点是负面的。

　　Text 4 36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______

　　[A]both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries

　　[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers

　　[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service

　　[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public

　　选【D】，因为第一段who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy，即只要达到基本年龄和文化要求即可，而A选项没有强调最低文化要求，C没有强调最低年龄要求，所以均错。另外，文中只说有权让自己的同 伴审讯自己，而B选项说辩护人或被告不会受到同伴的审讯，这个说法于文章不一致，属于无中生有。

　　37. The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____

　　[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws

　　[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races

　　[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures

　　[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges。

　　选【C】，根据第二段段首段尾句，不难看出事与愿违，实际操作与想象不一样，有冲突。B错的原因是偷换了宾语，文章第二段第二句话没有强调当时歧视races(不同种族的人)

　　38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____

　　[A]they were automatically banned by state laws

　　[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications

　　[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties

　　[D]they tended to evade public engagement

　　选【C】，关键词1960s定位于第三段，A错误的原因不是state law禁止的，BD无中生有。C来自于段尾句the claim that women were needed at home。

　　39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___

　　[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished

　　[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors

　　[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community

　　[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system

　　选【B】，根据第四段第一二两句话，B是正确的。但D错误的原因是，偷换了conform的宾语，应该是根据Jury Selection and Service Act进行改革。AC错误是定位错误，本题于1975年decision Taylor v. Louisiana一事无关。

　　40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______

　　[A]its nature and problems

　　[B]its characteristics and tradition

　　[C]its problems and their solutions

　　[D]its tradition and development

　　选【C】，从第二段第一句：But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. 第三段第一句：The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.  以及第四段第一句In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. 不难看出本文从第二段一直到最后，都是在阐述陪审团制度的问题，以及如何解决陪审团制度的问题。

2011年硕士研究生入学考试2011英语二 真题及参

21．A。细节题：原文第1段，倒数第3行的how could…?直接提到了bonus payouts 就是说 profits。

22．C。细节题：原文中出现outside directors有几处，helpful but less biased advisor，但是B选项用的是executive, 拼凑答案，D 选项也是一样。最后一句 weathered their own crises对应forecasters。

23．C。细节题：原文是若干个并列，stock is likely to perform worse对应答案， 迷惑选项是B，但是主语不一致20%是probability不是earnings。

24．A。推理题：原文对应firms who want to …..说想留住outside director就是增加incentive。

25．D。态度题：文章各个段落都说outside director的方面。因此是critical。

26．D。定义题：根据上下文猜句子的含义，后句American……..save newspaper中出现了save说明前面的观点一定是不好的才save，因此选D。

27．B．推理题：定位处前一句是 readers are paying more for slimmer newspaper. 因此说明人们多付钱，报纸很薄，节约成本，定位处有even 表示并列，说明前后的原因一致都是成本问题。

28．C。推理题：日本美国原文用了对比的方法说广告占得比例不一样，因此问题是广告收入来源。

29. D。推理题：A选项中有essential, 文章中是说distinctiveness重要而非必要，有问题，D选项是文章中cars and film reviewers have gone.说明由于报纸没有吸引力而失去读者。

30．A。主旨题：文章分析美国报纸出现的问题，说明要挽救。

31．C。细节题：原文restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence对应。

32．D。推理题： 定位是Bauhaus，对应选项与原文，只有D对。

33．C。细节题：原文elegance did not derive from abundance 。

34．D。细节题：原文But后有 the architectural equivalent of the abstract art 。

35．B。推理题：原文Aesthetic effect came form the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing。

36．B。推理题：第一段But后说cheerleader觉得EU 有debt，decline和lower growth。

37．D。推理题：三段论德法对欧元区和谐上达成一致但如何和谐有分歧。

38．B。细节题：原文对应by stricter rules on…. 。

39．A。推理题：原文对应a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds.

40．D。态度题：文章最后总结认为EU是world’s largest trading block. 最后一句 it is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign都是说EU正面的信息。

Dear Li Ming,  

　We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entrance examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University. Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion.  

　You have all along been working hard at your professional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects. Your success shows that only hard work can yield good results，so I suggest that you should make a great progress in university life. 

　We take this opportunity to express our best wishes to you. Wish you greater achievements in your college education.  

　　 Yours sincerely,

Zhang Wei  

Dear Ming,

Congratulations! I am glad to hear that you have been admitted by MIT. Your efforts and commitment have been paid off. You are the honor of our family.

Here come some my own advices of being a pre college student. First and foremost, you need to improve your communication because you will meet different people with different personalities in campus. Moreover, reading some reference books will help you to accumulate more knowledge and terms, which boost your competitiveness in campus.

Once again congratulate for your achievement!

Yours sincerely,

Zhang Wei  

大作文参

As is shown in the bar chart above, dramatic changes have taken place in the autos market shares within two years (from 2008 to 2009). The most obvious change was the market share of national brand, which had increased nearly by 10%, while Japan’s autos market share decreased roughly by 10%. The percentage of the US autos remained stable between 2008 and 2009.

There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. Above all, as the development of technique and knowledge in native companies, a growing number of autos corporation developed many quality autos. Therefore, the national people changed the attitude to the native brands and acknowledge them. What’ more, an overwhelming majority of people have been affected by the country patriotism ideology, partly owing to some actions of Japan triggering the emotion of people. Finally, Toyota brake error accidents significantly affects Japanese autos’ reputations and images. Safety concerns drove customers away from Japanese products. Additionally, Fuel price drove consumers away from those American petrol digging and luxury autos. So it is not difficult to observe their steady performance.

Based on what has been discussed above, we may reasonably conclude that the tendency described in graphic will continue for quite a long time. Hopefully, government could offer more friendly policies to China autos manufacturers to encourage quality improvement and technology innovation.

 重点词汇：

ingenuity（独创性；灵活性）←ingenu+ity，ingenu（=ingenious独创的；灵活的），-ity名词后缀。

burdensome（繁重的；难以负担的）←burden负担+some形容词后缀。What a heavy burden is a name that has become famous.广为人知的名字是多么沉重的负担啊。

nasty（讨 厌的；肮脏的；下流的……）Diplomacy is to do and say the nastiest thing in the nicest way.外交就是以最优雅的方式办最nasty的事，说最nasty的话。←nasty在此句实在不好翻译。

compulsion（强 制）即com一起+puls(=drive)+ion名词后缀，“不由分说全拖到一起”→强制；compulsory（强制的；必修 的）←com+puls+ory形容词后缀。compulsion — a highbrow term for a temptation we're not trying too hard to resist 强制——对人们并不想坚持拒绝的诱惑的一种高雅说法。Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body; but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.强制的身体锻炼不会损害身体，但被迫学习的知识占据不了头脑。←柏拉图老师说的。

robotics（机器人学）即robot+ics，robot机器人，-ics后缀表“学科”，如physics、aesthetics（美学）。robo-driver即robot driver。

assembly（集 会；装配）是assemble的名词形式，-y为名词后缀；assemble谐音“啊，三步”，曹植七步成诗，而“装配”只需三步（三个步骤）！In most communities it is illegal to cry "fire" in a crowded assembly.在大多数社会中，在拥挤的集会上喊“着火啦”是违法的。

terminal（终端的；期末的；终端；终点站）←termin期 限+al后缀；terminate（中止）←termin+ate动词后缀，施瓦辛格演的电影《终结者》就叫Terminator（-or后缀表“人 ”）。It's all right to have a train of thoughts, if you have a terminal.想法成串并没关系，只要有个止点。

miniaturization（小型化）即 mini+atur(e)+iz(e)+ation；mini词根“小”（比如有个好东西叫mini skirt），-ature名词后缀，-ize动词后缀，-ation名词后缀；miniature（小型的；缩影）←mini+ature。A day is a miniature of eternity.一天是永恒的缩影。

laborsaving（节省劳力的）←labor劳动+saving节省的。

supervision（监督）即super+vis+ion，super-前缀“在上面”，vis词根“看”（如visual→vis+ual形容词后缀→视觉的），-ion名词后缀。

specific（具 体的；特定的；特效药）即speci+fic，speci词根=species（种类），-fic形容词后缀“使成为……的”，故“使成为某个具体种类的 ”→特定的。Time and again I have emerged from a course of reading in philosophy with the conviction that the authors were really avoiding specific problems by converting them into tenuous sophistries that have very little real meaning.我一再退出对哲学的钻研，深信作者们确实是在以将具体问题换成几乎没有实际意义的贫乏诡辩来躲避它们。

artificial（人工的，人造的）即art+i+fic+ial，art词 根“人工”，-i-连结元音，fic词根“做”，-ial形容词后缀。Of all artificial relations formed between mankind, the most capricious and variable is that of author and reader.在人与人之间形成的所有人为关系中，最变化无常的是作者与读者的关系。artificial intelligence — the art of making computers that behave like the ones in movies 人工智能——制造电脑的艺术，使它们的行为像电影里的人一样。

perception（感觉；理解）即per+cept+ion，per-前缀“全 部”，cept词根“抓”（=capt，因为元音可替换，capture→capt+ure后缀→n.v.捕获），-ion名词后缀，故“把外界信息‘全 部’‘抓住’”→感知。The perception of beauty is a moral test.对美的理解是道德的检验。

complicated（复 杂的；难解的）即com+plic+at(e)+ed，com-前缀“一起”，plic词根“折叠”，-ate动词后缀+-ed后缀“已……的”，故“全 都折叠在一起的”→复杂的；complicate（使复杂）←com+plic+ate；complication（复杂情况；并发 症）←com+plic+ation。I never blame failures — there are too many complicated situations in life, but I am absolutely merciless toward lack of effort.我从不责备失败——生活中复杂的情况实在太多，但对于不努力，我绝不宽恕。

previously（先前地）即 pre+vi+ous+ly，pre-前缀“在前的”，vi(=via)词根“路”，-ous形容词后缀，故“在前面就上路的”→先 前；previous（先前的）←pre+vi+ous。A creative artist works on his next composition because he is not satisfied with his previous one.有创造性的艺术家致力于自己的下一个作品，因为他不满意前一个。

irrelevant（不相关的）即ir+relevant，ir-否定前缀（=in-，在r前n变形为r），relevant（相关的）参2002年Text 1。

instantaneously（瞬间地）即instant+aneous+ly，instant单词“立刻的；速溶的；瞬间），-aneous形容词后缀。

suspicious（可疑的；多疑的）←suspic(=suspect)怀疑+ious。Plagiarists are always suspicious of being stolen from.剽窃者总是疑心文字被人盗用。

neuroscientist（神经科学家）←neuro(=nerve)+scientist。

perceive（察 觉；感知）即per+ceive，是perception（见前述）的动词形式，per-前缀“全部”，ceive词根“抓”。同根 词：receive（v.收到）←re(=back)+ceive，“抓回来”；deceive（v.欺骗）←de在下面+ceive，“在下面搞小动作 ”。There are no new truths, but only truths that have not been recognised by those who have perceived them without noticing.没有什么新的真理，只有人们不经意地感觉到但没有认识到的真理。

elite（精英）用谐音记：“爱理他”→“精英人士”每个人都爱理他。

gizmo 小发明；hum 嗡嗡声、轰鸣声。

OPEC（石油输出国组织）即Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries。

scary（引 起惊慌的）即scar(e)+y，scare（n.v.惊恐），-y形容词后缀。More powerful creation may scare many people away, but more intrepid people will be captivated by it.更加强有力的作品可能吓退许多人，但比较勇敢的人们会被它吸引住。

quadruple（四倍的；使成四倍；四倍）即quadru+ple，quadru-前缀“四”(=quarter)，ple词根“折叠”，complicated所含的词根plic也是“折叠”的意思（参2002年Text 2）。

triple（三倍的；使成三倍；三倍）即tri+ple，tri-前缀“三”，如triangle（三角形）←tri+angle角。

inflation（膨 胀；通货膨胀；自夸）即in+flat+ion，in-(=into)，flat词根“吹”，-ion名词后缀，故“往里面吹”→膨胀。 Inflation: When nobody has enough money because everybody has too much.通货膨胀：由于人人钱太多而谁的钱都不够的时候。

gloom（v.n.阴暗；忧愁），形容词为gloomy（阴暗的；阴沉的），那首据 说有杀人魔力的歌曲就叫Gloomy Sunday。Love is the flame of life, without it, everything in life becomes gloomy.爱是生命的火焰，没有它，生命中的一切都变得暗淡无光。

doom（n.厄 运v.注定）。A society that gives to one class all the opportunities for leisure, and to another all the burdens of work, dooms both classes to spiritual sterility.一个将闲暇的全部机会都给予一个阶级，而将劳作的全部重负都给予另一个阶级的社会，注定了两个阶级都处于精神贫瘠。

suspend（v. 悬挂；延缓）即sus+pend，sus-前缀“在下面”，pend词根“挂”，故“暂且挂在下面不管”→搁置；名词形式为 suspension←sus+pens挂+ion。The best of men cannot suspend their fate.最好的人也无法推迟死亡。

consequence（后果；重要性）←con+sequ(=follow)+ence。It is easy to dodge our responsibilities, but we cannot dodge the consequences of dodging our responsibilities.逃避责任很容易，但逃避责任的后果我们却无法逃避。With books, as with companions, it is of more consequence to know which to avoid, than which to chuse（chuse是古英语=choose）.读书如交友，懂得避开哪些比懂得选择哪些更重要。

conservation（保 护；保存；守恒）即con+serv(e)+ation，con-前缀“全部”，serve词根“保持”(=keep)，-ation名词后缀；动词为 conserve←con+serve。A state without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation.不具备某种变革手段的国家也不具备保存自己的手段。

energy-intensive 能源密集型。

consumption（消 费量，消耗）即consum(e)+ption，consume（v.消费，消耗），-ption名词后缀，m后加p便于发音，如assume（假定；承 担；呈现）→assumption、presume（v.假设）→presumption。Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods is a means of reputability to the gentleman of leisure.引人注目地挥霍贵重财物是有闲绅士取得名声的手段。We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.我们没有权利享用幸福而不创造幸福，正像没有权力享用财富而不创造财富一样。

consultancy（顾问工作；咨询 业）←consult+ancy名词后缀；consult（v.商量；查询；会诊）←比consul（领事）在最后多字母t，“他(t)去找‘领事’‘商 量’”，名词为consultation←consult+ation名词后缀。Well, one can always consult a man and ask him: "Would you like your head cut off tomorrow?" and after he has said: "I would rather not", cut it off. Consultation is a vagues and elastic term.是的，什么时候都可以跟一个人商量，问他：“你愿意明天被砍头吗？”接着，在他说了“我不愿意”之后，砍掉他的脑袋。磋商是个含糊的带弹性的 词。←这是英国老流氓丘吉尔说的，意思是：既然不愿意明天砍头，那么就在今天砍吧。

GDP（国民生产总值）即Gross Domestic Product。

OECD（经济合作与发展组织）即Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development。

estimate（v.n. 估计，估价）。True modesty does not consist in an ignorance of our merits, but in a due estimate of it.真正的谦虚不在于对自己的长处一无所知，而在于对它们的恰当评价。

excess（n.过量；额 外的）即ex+cess，ex-前缀“出”，cess词根“走”，故“走到范围之外的”→过量的；动词形式为exceed（超过）←ex+ceed走。 The best things carried to excess are wrong.最好的东西超过限度也会变坏。He is poor whose expenses exceed his income.开支超过收入的人就是穷人。

sizable（相当大 的）←siz(e)+able；size（大小，尺寸）。You can tell the size of a man by the size of the things that make him mad.根据使一个人发怒的事情的大小，可以判断这个人的气量。

significant（有 意义的；重要的）即signify（y变形为i）表示+cant形容词后缀，“值得表示的”→有意义的；signify即sign+ify，sign标 记，-ify动词后缀，“作标记”→表示。An art is only great and significant if it is one that all may enjoy.艺术作品只有在所有人都可以欣赏时才是伟大的、重要的。Love has various lodgings; the same word does not always signify the same thing.爱拥有形形色色的住所，同一个词不总是意味着同样的东西。

suicide（v.n.自杀）即sui+cide，sui词根=self，cide词根“切”=cut，于是“拿刀切自己”→自杀。 Every suicide is a solution to a problem.每件自杀都是对一个问题的解决。suicide — the only perfect crime that remains unpunished 自杀——唯一不受惩罚的完美罪行。

constitutional（构 成的；体质的；的）即con+stitut(e)+ion+al，con-前缀“一起”，stitute词根“建立”，-ion名词后缀，-al形容 词后缀；名词形式为constitution（构成；体质；）←con+stitut(e)+ion；动词为constitute（构 成）←con+stitute。Why is woman persistently regarded as a mystery? It is not that she has labored to conceal the organic and psychological facts of her constitution, but that men have showed no interest in exploring them.为什么女人总是被视为神秘的事物？原因并不是她极力隐瞒了关于自身生理与心理的事实，而是男人从来就没有对探索这些事实表现过兴趣。The two powers which in my opinion constitute a wise man are those of bearing and forbearing.在我看来，造就智者的两种力量是忍受和克制。

principle（原理；信念）可把princi 看作print（印刷），ple看作“倍数”（如quadruple、triple，参2002年Text 3），于是“反反复复印刷的东西”→原理（联想：地下党反复印刷刊物宣传马克思主义原理）。When a fellow says,"It isn't the money but the principle of the thing," it's the money.当一个人说“这不是钱的问题而是原则问题”时，那就是钱的问题。

foresee（v.预知）即fore+see，fore前缀“在前 ”（如forehead额←fore+head），see看，“在事情发生前就能看到”→预知。He who foresees calamities suffers them twice over.预见灾难的人承受了它们两次。

sufficient（足够的）即 suf+fici+ent；suf-前缀“在下”（=sub-，f前b变形为f），fici看作face面（元音字母替换），-ent形容词后缀，低于 (suf)平均水平(fici)的(ent)消费使本来不多的收入变得“足够的”；insufficient（不足的）←in否定前 缀+sufficient。Life is the art of drawing sufficient conclusions from insufficient premises.生活是从不足的前提得出足够的结论的艺术。

mediation（仲裁，媒介作用）即medi+ation，medi(=middle)词根“中间的”，-ation名词后缀，文中指代“镇痛剂”。同根词：medium（中等的；媒介；手段）←medi+um后缀。

maintain（v. 维修；维持；支持）即main+tain，main词根=hand，tain词根=hold（参unsustainable，2003年Text 4）。He who tells a lie is not sensible how great a task he undertakes; for he must invent twenty more to maintain that one.说谎者没有意识到自己要承担多么艰巨的任务，因为他必须再说二十个谎言来维持这个谎言。

prescribe（v.指示；开处方）←pre 在前+scribe写，“在拿药之前写”→开处方。If I were a medical man, I should prescribe a holiday to any patient who considered his work important.我如果是医生，就会开处方给所有认为自己的工作非同小可的病人放一天假。

legitimate（合法的；v.合法）即legitim+ate，legitim词根“合法”（leg即词根“法律”），-ate后缀。

homicide（n.杀人，杀人者）即homi+cide，homi词根“人”=human，cide词根“切”=cut。

debate（v.n. 争论，辩论）即de+bate，de-向下，bate词根“打”=beat，“通过语言把对手”→“辩论”。同根词：combat（v.n.战斗，格 斗）←com一起+bat。Debate is the best catalyst of thought.争论是思想最好的催化剂。

hospice（收容所）可看作hosp(ital)+ice，医院里什么都没有，只有冰，于是就不能再叫医院了，叫“收容所”。

predictably（可预言地）←pre+dict+abl(e)+(l)y，参prediction（2003年Text 1）。

systematic（系统的；有计划的）←system系统+-atic形容词后缀。systematic liar 故意说谎者。

incompetently（力地）即in+competent+ly，in-否定前缀，competnet（有能力的），-ly副词后缀。

desperate（绝望的；不顾一切 的）←desper+ate，desper同despair（v.n.绝望），-ate形容词后缀。If the failures of this world could realize how desperate half the present-day geniuses once felt, they would take heart and try again.世上的失败者若能了解到当今的天才有半数一度感到过多么绝望，他们就会振作精神再次努力。It is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.不做孤注一掷之事是智者的特征。

morphine 吗啡（音译）；well-meaning 善意的。

specialisation（专业化）即special+is(e)+ation，special（特别的；额外的），-ise动词 后缀（specialise即v.专业化），-ation名词后缀；specialist（专家；专科医生）←special+ist后缀表“人”。 Love is a special affection for a man or a woman, which is stronger than that for any other person.爱情是对一个男人或女人的特殊的好感，它比对其他任何人的好感都强烈。specialist — a doctor whose patients can be ill only during office hours 专科医生——一位医生：他的病人只有在上班时间才能生病。specialist — one who knows more and more about less and less 专家——对越来越少的东西懂得越来越多的人。

response（回复；响应）是respond（见 2003年Text 2）的名词形式。The sartorial artist no less than the sculptor, the painter and the musician dreams of creations that will awaken a response in the soul of the world.好裁缝跟雕塑家、画家和音乐家一样，梦想着能在世人灵魂中引起反响的作品。

accumulation（积 累，堆积）即accumulate+ation，accumulate（v.积累，堆积），-ation名词后缀。University are full of knowledge; the freshmen bring a little in and the seniors take none away, and knowledge accumulates.大学里充满了知识，新生带进来一些，高年级学生则一点也不带走，于是知识就积累了下来。

professionalisation（职 业化）即professional+is(e)+ation，professional（职业的；职业人员），-ise动词后缀 （professionalise即v.职业化），-ation名词后缀。In love woman are professionals, men are amateurs.在恋爱中女子是专业者，男子是业余者。

clear-cut 明确的，清晰的。

amateur（业余的；业余爱好者）可记谐音“爱慕它”，“业余爱好者”选择某专业必定是“爱慕它”。Every artist was once an amateur.所有的艺术家都曾经是业余爱好者。

connotation（涵义）即con+not(e)+ation，con-前缀“一起”，note记录，-ation名词后缀，“所有东西都被一起记录在其中”→涵义。

integrate（使成为一体）←integr完整+ate，参disintegrate（2003年Text 4）。

participation（参 加；分享）即parti+cip+ation，parti(=part)，cip(=cap)抓（参captive，2003年Text 3），-ation名词后缀，“抓取其中一部分”→分享；动词为participate←parti+cip+ate。We participate in a tragedy; at a comedy we only look.悲剧我们参加，喜剧我们仅仅观看。

in terms of 依据；用……措辞。

reveal（v. 展现；揭示；泄露）即re+veal，re-前缀(=away)，veal(=veil)面纱，“揭开面纱”→展示。A person reveals his character by nothing so clearly as the joke he resents.没有什么比一个人所反感的笑话更能显露他的为人。If you reveal your secrets to the wind, you should not blame the wind for revealing them to the trees.你如果把秘密泄露给风，就不应责怪风把秘密泄露给树。

emphasis（强调，重点）可看作em+phasis，em-前缀“强调 ”，phasis看作是phase（阶段）的复述形式，于是“在各阶段里最值得强调的”→强调。I sometime wish that people would put a little more emphasis upon the observance of the law than they do upon its enforcement.有时候我但愿人们多把重点放在遵守法律上，而非强调其实施。

primacy（首要，首位）即prim(e)+acy，prime首要的，-acy名词后缀，primacy与privacy（隐私）一字母之差，“隐私”是最“首要”的。

definition（定 义）即defin(e)+ition，define（下定义；限定）见2002年Text 4，-ition名词后缀。It is almost a definition of a gentleman to say that he is one who never inflicts pain.说一个人从不给人造成痛苦，这几乎是下了一个关于君子的定义。

represent（v.描述；代表）←re+present。Books only partially represent their authors.图书只是部分地体现了作者。。

referee（仲裁者v.仲裁）←refer+ee。

reckon（v. 认为；估算）看作re+ckon，re-前缀“反复”，ckon谐音“啃”，题目太难了，需要“re啃”才能“估算”出答案。I reckon being ill as one of the great pleasures of life, provided one is not too ill and is not obliged to work till one is better.我把生病当作人生一大乐趣，只要病得不太严重，并且在好转之前不被要求工作。

crucial（极重要的，决定性的）即cruc+ial，cruc词根(=cross)，-ail形容词后缀，“处于十字路口的”→关键的。

psychology（心 理学）←psycho+logy，psycho词根“心理”，-logy后缀“……学”。The purpose of psychology is to give us a completely different idea of the things we know best.心理学的用途是告诉我们对最熟悉事物的完全不同的观念。psychology — ①the science that tells you what you already know, in words you can't understand ②the theology of the twentieth century 心理学——①一门科学：它用你听不明白的语言告诉你已经知道的事 ②20世纪的神学。

in one's own right 凭自身条件；under way 在进行中。

loom（v.隐约出现；织布机）可看作loo+m，loo即数字100，m即国际单位“米”，能织出100米长的布的“织布机”；另外布在织成以前是透明的，所以布后面的东西是可以“隐约出现”的。

commercialize（使 商业化）即commercial+ize，commercial（商业的）←commerc(e)+ial，-ize动词后缀“使……化”。Good manners are the settled medium of social, as specie is of commercial life.礼貌是社会生活固定的中介，就像硬币之于商业生活。commercialism — doing well that which should not be done at all 商业主义——把根本不该做的事做得很好。

universalize（使普遍化）即 universal+ize，universal（宇宙的；普遍的）←univers(e)+al，-ize动词后缀“使……化”。Envy is the most universal passion.忌妒是最普遍的情感。universe — merely a fleeting idea in God's mind — a pretty uncomfortable thought, particularly if you're just made a down payment on a house 宇宙——不过是上帝头脑里一个稍纵即逝的想法——一种让人很不舒服的想法，特别是在你刚预付过房子的定金之后。

impoverish（使贫穷；使枯竭）←im加强前缀+pover词根+ish动词后缀；同根词：poverty（贫穷）←pover+ty名词后缀。

prejudice（偏 见v.n.损害）即pre+jud+ice，pre-前缀“在前”，jud词根“判断”(=judge)，-ice后缀，“在弄清事实之前就做出判断”→ 偏见，而“偏见”是会招致“损害”的。Prejudice is the child of ignorance.偏见是无知的产物。prejudice — a device enabling you to form opinions without getting the facts 偏见——使你能在不了解事实的情况下形成观点的一种装置。

respect（v.n.尊敬） 即re+spect，re-反复，spect词根“看”，反复看一个人是对其表示“尊敬”；with respect to 关于。All the great religions are fundamentally equal. We must have innate respect for other religions as we have for our own.一切伟大的宗教在根本上都是等同的。我们对于其它宗教，必须像对自己的宗教一样怀着天然的敬意。respect — to admire from a distance 尊敬——从远处赞赏。

sovereignty（主权；主权国家）即sover+ (r)eign+ty，sover(=over)在上，reign统治，-ty名词后缀，“在上面统治”；sovereign（统治的；统治 者）←sover+(r)eign。Men in great places are thrice servants: servants of the sovereign or state; servants of fame; and servants of business.身居高位者是三重仆人：统治者或国家的仆人，名声的仆人，以及事务的仆人。

infrastructure（基础设施）即 infra+structure，infra-前缀“在下”，structure（v.n.构造）。以infra-为前缀的词：infrahuman（类 人猿的；类人生物）←infra+human；infrared（红外线的；红外线）←infra+red。

telecom（电信）即telecommunication。

in the interest of 为了……的利益；may well 很有可能；lie down 屈从。

acquisition（收购；获得；获得物）即acquisit+(t)ion，acquisit为acquire（v.获得）之变形，-tion名词后缀。

hyperactive（过度活跃的）即hyper+active，hyper-前缀“超过；过度”（h脱落，元音y变u，即为uper），active活跃的。

unsurpassed（未 被超越的）即un+surpass+ed，un-否定前缀，surpass（v.超过）←sur前缀“超”+pass过，-ed形容词后缀。If a pupil looks up at the teacher as a model, but not as a rival, he can never surpass the teacher.弟子如果视老师为榜样而非对手，他就永远超不过老师。

concentration（集中； 专心；浓度）即con+centr+ation，con-前缀“一起”，centr(=center)词根“中心”，-ation名词后缀，“一起聚集在 中心的”→集中；专心。No fine work can be done without concentration and self-sacrifice and toil and doubt.没有全神贯注、自我牺牲、辛劳和怀疑，就做不出优秀的工作。concentration — the ability to do your son's homework while he is watching television 专心——儿子看电视时你替他做家庭作业的本事。

multinational（公司；公司的）即multi+national，multi-前缀“多”（如multiple→multi+ple倍→v.加倍；多倍的；倍数），national国家的。

affiliate（v.附属；附属机构）即af+fili+ate，af-加强前缀，fili谐音“费力”，-ate后缀，想让别人成为自己的“附属”是很“费力”的。

M&A（兼并与收购）即文中提到的mergers and acquisitions。

detrimental（有害的）可看作detri+mental，detri谐音“淡吃”（沪方言，表示只吃饭而不吃菜），mental谐音“馒头”，于是“淡吃馒头”→天天只吃馒头而不吃菜对身体是“有害的”。

megamerger（大兼并）←mega大+merger。

supervise（监督；管理）←super在上面+vis看+e，参supervision（2002年Text 2）。

gigantic（巨大的）即gigant+ic，gigant(=giant)巨人，-ic形容词后缀，“巨人的”→巨大的。He has a gignatic appetite, and eats gigantic meals.他食量很大，能吃很多食物。

infringement（侵 害）即in+fringe+ment，in-否定前缀，fringe（边缘；刘海；穗），-ment名词后缀，已经“不”在“边缘”→侵入内部→侵 害；infringe（v.侵害）←in+fringe。China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must not be infringed.中国的主权和领土完整决不允许侵犯。

pessimistic（悲观的）即 pessimist+ic，pessimist悲观主义者，-ic形容词后缀。pessimist — ①a man who thinks that God created the earth in six days and then was laid off ②an optimist with a sense of reality 悲观主义者——①一个认为上帝用六天时间创造了世界，然后就被解雇了的人 ②具有现实感的乐观主义者。

warn against 告诫防范；take upon oneself 承担。

preach（v.鼓吹；布道）可看作 pr(e)+each，pre-前缀“在前”，each每个，“牧师走到每个人面前”→布道。Preach not because you have to say something, but because you have something to say.布道不是由于你不得不说些什么，而是由于你有些话要说。

resignation（辞职；顺从）←resign+ation名词后 缀；resign（v.辞职；顺从）←re+sign，re-前缀=away或=again，sign签署，故“签署后离开”→辞职，“再次签署”→顺 从。What is called resignation is confirmed desperation.所谓顺从就是确定了的绝望。no resign oneself to being defeated 不甘心于失败。

editorship（编辑职务，编辑工作）←editor+ship，editor（编辑者），-ship抽象名词后缀表“性质、职位、资格等”，如：friendship、leadership、membership等。

doctrine（教 义；学说）←doctr+ine，doctr=doctor（元音可增减），-ine名词后缀表“物”，故“教授拿来讲授的东西”→教义。参 vaccine（疫苗），2003年Text 2。The wisest man preaches no doctrines; he has no scheme.最大的智者不鼓吹任何学说，没有任何体系。

juggle（n.v.杂耍）发音与沪方言对扑克牌中Jack的发音同，“拿扑克牌玩杂耍(juggle)，引得大家咯咯(guggle)笑”，文中juggle引申为“忙忙碌碌”。

newsletter（时事通讯，简报）←news+letter。

cling-film（食品保鲜膜）←cling粘着+film薄膜。

equivalent（相 等的，等价的；相等物，等价物）即equi+val+ent，equi相等（如：equal相等的），val价值（如：value价值），-ent后缀。 In truth, politeness is artificial good humor, it covers the natural want of it, and ends by rendering habitual a substitute nearly equivalent to the real virtue.礼貌实际上是人为的好性情，它掩盖了它天生的不足，结果给惯于此道者提供了与真正美德几乎相当的代用品。

drop out 退隐，逃避现实。

redundancy（冗 余）即red+und+ancy，red-(=re-)，und词根“多”，-ancy名词后缀，“越来越(re)多”→冗余。同根 词：abundant（丰富的）←ab加强前缀+und多+ant形容词后缀。redundancy — an air-bag in a politician's car 多余物——政治家汽车里的保险气袋。

thrift（节俭；繁荣）可记：“节俭”导致“繁荣 ”；thrifty（节俭的；繁荣的）←thrift+y形容词后缀。thrift→thrive（v.繁荣），类似变化的单词有theft（n. 偷）→thieve（v.偷）。It is thrifty to prepare today for the wants of tomorrow.节俭就是今天为明天的需要作准备。

mythical（神话的；虚构的）←myth神话+ical后缀。myth — a religion in which no one any longer believes 神话——一种没有人再信仰的宗教。

adventurous（喜 冒险的；充满危险的）←adventur(e)冒险+ous形容词后缀。A good critic is one who narrates the adventures of his mind among masterpieces.好的批评家是个讲述自己的精神在杰作中历险的人。adventure — the vitaminizing element in histories both in dividual and social 冒险——个人历史和社会历史中的维生素。