Unit 1 The written word
一、重点词汇 熟记下列单词 abuse v.虐待;辱骂;滥用 约束,迫使 rescue v.救援,营救 spring v.突然出现;跳,蹦 bind v.捆,绑,系;n. ()联合;twist n.转折,转变;转动;急转弯v.(使)弯曲;转动,蜿蜒 plot n.故事情节;阴谋,密谋 v. 密谋;绘制(图表) spin v.(使)快速旋转;(使)急转身;纺纱;吐丝结网 n. (使)旋转 pin v.使不能动弹,按住;(用大头针等)固定,别上,钉住 n.大头针;胸针 spit v.吐唾沫(表示愤怒或鄙视),吐,唾(唾沫,食物等) bookworm n.极爱读书的人,书迷,书虫 antique n.古董,文物 fiction n.小说;虚构的事 characteristic n.特征/特点 adj.典型的,独特的,特有的 chapter n.(书的)章,篇,回;时期,时代 author n.作者 矛盾,对立 generous adj.慷慨的,大方的;宽厚的,仁慈的 vain adj.虚荣的,自负的;徒劳的,无结果的 theme n.主题,主题思想;主题音乐 vice n.恶行,恶习,罪恶 soap opera n.肥皂剧 tension n.紧张气氛;紧张,烦躁;home-made adj.自制的;家里做的;国产的 envelope n.信封 sneaker n.运动鞋 brand new adj.全新的,崭新的 modern-day adj.现代的;当代的 stepsister n.异父(异母)姊妹 supreme adj.最高的,至高无上的 holy adj.神圣的,圣洁的 chest n.胸部,胸膛;大箱子 stepmother n.继母 rag n.破布,破衣服;抹布 debt n.债务,欠款 widow n.遗孀,寡妇 古迹 paragraph n.段落
monument n.纪念碑,纪念馆,纪念塑像; rigid adj.死板的,僵化的,固执1
的;坚硬的,僵直的 civil adj.有教养的,有礼貌的;国民的,平民的,民事的(非刑事的) bent adj.弯曲的;驼背的;不诚实的 n.天赋,爱好 词性(词形)变化 desperate adj.铤而走险的,拼命的,绝望的;非常需要,渴望→desperately adv.拼命地,绝望地 violent adj.暴力的,粗暴的;猛烈的,强烈的→violence n. 暴力,暴行 reform v.& n. (使)改过自新,改造;改革,改良→reformer n. 改革者,改造者 →reformation n. 改善;改进;改造;改良;改革 reputation n. 名声,名誉→reputable adj.声誉好的,有声望的;有信誉的 intend v.打算,计划,想要→intention n. 意图,目的;打算→intentional adj.故意的,蓄意的 →intentionally adv.故意地,蓄意地 adore v.热爱,喜爱,爱慕→adoration n. 敬慕,爱慕→adorable adj.值得爱慕的,可爱的 criminal n.罪犯 adj.犯罪的,犯法的,刑法的,刑事的→crime n.罪行,犯罪,罪恶 novelist n.小说家→novel n. 小说 reunite(使)重逢,再相聚→unite v.团聚,团结 painter n.画家→paint v. 涂色于;绘画; 百万 adj.百万的 resist v.反抗,抵制,抵挡→resistant adj.抵抗的,有抵抗力的;阻止的 →resistance n. 反抗,抵抗,抵制,阻力,抗力,电阻 poetry n.诗歌→poet n. 诗人, 空想家→poem n.诗,韵文,诗一样的作品,富有诗意的东西 millionaire n.百万富翁→million n. 2
短语 英语 汉语意义 英语 have a place in… 之地 compare…to… live up to 把……比作 be set in 以……为背景 对……感到羞耻 到……为止/结尾 查出,发现 汉语意义 在……中占一席be bent on(doing)sth. 决心作某事 达到,符合(期望) be ashamed of… come to one’s rescue 援救某人,帮助某人 by the end of touch on 谈及,涉及 find out be intended to do sth. 目的是做某事 have nothing to do 与……没有关系 with be adapted from come out 改编自…… 出版 躲避;忙碌,不停地on the run 奔波 be intended for ... 目的是为…… have a reputation 有……的名声 for… by then at the age of… earn one’s by 以种地为生 当时 在……岁的时候 income/living farming 把……制(作)make…into… 成…… at a time 一次,每次 破烂不堪的,废旧worn out 的;精疲力尽的 focus on 关注,聚焦于 as long as say 只要;长达 向某人道别/问候goodbye/hello/sorr/道歉 y to sb. 对……有吸引力,和某人团聚/再在reunite with sb. 向……发出呼吁 一起 由……构成;consist of 由……组成 拿起;拾起;捡起;pick up 使……出去,放出;用车接某人,让人have appeal to have little talent 在……方面没有天for let out 赋 发出(声音等); 3
泄露(秘密等);放宽(衣服等),放大 搭车;偶尔习得; 接收;继续讲;沾染/养成(习惯);好转,改善 含重点词汇的教材原句(划线部分) 1.【教材原句】Three years later, in 1998, a modern adaptation of Charles Dichens’s novel Great Expectations appeared in cinemas.(P2) 三年后的1998年,根据查尔斯﹒狄更斯的小说《远大前程》改编的现代版影片在电影院上映。 2.【教材原句】Why else would many films adapted from them be successful? (P2)还有,为什么许多根据经典文学作品改编的电影可以大获成功呢? 3.【教材原句】Pip's sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip. (P3)皮普的姐姐常虐待他,但乔却是一个淳朴善良的人,他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。 4.【教材原句】Pip, who is seven years old when the story begins, is in a foggy cemetery when a desperate criminal appears and frightens him.(P3)故事开始时,七岁的皮普正在一个浓雾笼罩的墓地中。这时一个穷凶极恶的罪犯突然出现并恐吓他。 5.【教材原句】There is a twist in the plot when a very generous stranger gives Pip a large fortune.(P3) 当一位非常慷慨的陌生人给了皮普一大笔钱的时候,故事情节发生了曲折变化。 6.【教材原句】Money and education, however, change him, and before long he becomes vain and ashamed of his background.(P3)然而,金钱和教育改变了他,不久后他变得虚荣,对自己的出身感到 羞愧。 7.【教材原句】Fagin and his group of criminals find him and drag him back into the life of crime, pressuring him with the threat of violence if he resists.(P9)费金和他的犯罪同伙找到了他并拉他重新犯罪。如果他拒绝,就用暴力威胁逼迫他。 8.【教材原句】My favourite character in ‘The Attic’ is Stuart, who comes to her 4
rescue and adds some comedy to this otherwise dark tale.(P12)在小说《阁楼》中我最喜欢的人物是斯图尔特。他来营救她并给 故事增加了喜剧色彩,否则这将是一个灰色的故事。 9.【教材原句】Burns had a reputation for being funny and pleasant to be around.(P14) 彭斯以有趣和优雅而闻名。 10.【教材原句】The poem was published in 1794 and, like many of Burns's poems, it was intended to be a song.(P14)这首诗发表于1794年,和许多彭斯的诗歌一样,这首诗原是为歌咏而作。 11.【教材原句】..., he compares the girl he loves to a red rose.(P15) ……他把他所爱的姑娘比作一朵红玫瑰。 12. 【教材原句】Many people do not read them, because they think classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with life today.(P2) 许多人不读经典文学作品是因为觉得它们太古老,枯燥乏味,与今天的生活没有任何联系。 13.【教材原句】They have not disappeared and still have a place in the world.(P2) 他们并没有消失,在当今世界仍占有一席之地。 14.【教材原句】He first published many novels one chapter at a time in newspapers, and some were later performed on stage. (P2) 狄更斯最初将许多小说发表在报纸上,每次一章,有一些作品后来被搬上了舞台。 15.【教材原句】Pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estella's love.(P3)皮普一心要成为一位绅士,赢得埃斯特拉的芳心。 16.【教材原句】However, if you liked the book, you should probably not be too eager to see the film, as it is not likely to live up to your great expectations.(P5)然而,如果你喜欢这本书,就不要急于看电影,因为它可能不会符合你的期望。 二、经典句型
考点-2.含蓄否定句
5
【教材原句】Pip’s sister often abuses him , but Joe is a kind and simple man, who
would rather die than see any
harm come to Pip. (P3)皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他,但乔却是一个淳朴善良的人,他宁愿死也不愿 意看到皮普受到任何伤害。
三、语法自主复习
复习本单元的教材Grammar and usage:否定陈述。
否定陈述
否定陈述是英语中的常用的基本句型之一,它用来表示对所表达情况的否认。英语的否定结构形式多种多样,无论在思维上还是在表达方式上,都与汉语有许多差异。如果只按字面意思翻译,有时会造成误解。因此,在做英译汉和汉译英练习或阅读理解时,一定要认真体会其中的含义,不要望文生义,以防陷入这个可怕的迷宫。 一、常用否定词
1.英语中否定含义的表达形式多种多样,可以用not, no, never, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere等否定词来表达否定之意。 我们还没有签署任何协议。
We have not signed any agreement.
他们从星期一到星期五从来都没有时间去看电影。
They never have/have no time to go to the cinema during the weekdays.
3.可以用含否定意义的前缀de-,dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,non-,un-,under-等构
6
成的词表达否定之意;也可以用后缀-less,-free,-proof等构成的词表达否定之意。 目前要完全治愈癌症是不可能的。
Today it is impossible to cure cancer completely. 其次,为未来而担忧也是没有用的。
Second, it is also useless to worry about the future.
②动词短语:differ from(与……不同),prefer… to(宁愿……而不),keep off(不接近,不让……接近),keep… from/prevent… from/stop…from/protect… from(阻止,使……不),lose sight of(看不见),let alone/to say nothing(更不用说)等等。
Why should you prevent them from moving into the new house? 你们为什么不让他们搬进新居呢?
Protecting the air, let alone improving it, is a challenge. 更别说要改善了,现在就是保护空气也很难。
④形容词及形容词短语: reluctant(不愿), absent from(不在,没到场), ignorant
7
of(不知,不懂),different from(与……不同),short of(缺少,不足),far from(远非,决不),safe from(免于),free from(不受……影响的,没有……的),free of(无……的),least of all(最不),the last(极不可能的,最不适合的)等等。 A judge must be free from prejudice. 法官必须不抱成见。
He is the last man to do such a thing. 他决不会是干那样的事情的人。
Your work is far from being satisfactory. 你的工作决非令人满意。
⑥介词短语:at a loss(不知所措,不知……),in the dark(不知道),in vain(徒劳,无用),out of the question(不可能)等等。
The police are at a loss for an explanation of the affair. 不知如何解释这件事情。
I am completely in the dark concerning his plans. 关于他的计划,我全然不知。
I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is out of the question. 我有这么多工作要做,因此,今年我不可能休假了。
8
4.表达否定意义的常见句子结构(含蓄否定) ①too...to(太……而不能) He’s too small to do that. 他太小了,干不了那件事。
②more A than B(与其B不如A),more than+含有can 的从句(不能)。He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。
Your problem is more than I can deal with. 你的问题我解决不了。
④would rather... than...(宁愿……而不愿……)
I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema on Sundays. 周日我宁愿待在家里,也不愿去看电影。
⑥虚拟语气可以表达否定意义
But for your coming, I should have been very lonely. 要不是你来了,我会感到很寂寞的。
9
二、否定句
2.部分否定
英语中一些含有总括含义的代词、形容词或副词,当用于否定句中时,只否定一部分,而不是完全否定。如all, everybody (everyone), everything, anyone (anybody), anything, anywhere, everywhere, always, quite, both, entirely, altogether等词与not连用时,在汉语中译为“……不全是……”,“不都是……”,“并非全都是……”,“不总是……”等。
He is not absolutely wrong. 他并不完全错。
Not everyone was for my plan. 并不是每个人都赞同我的计划。
10