大学英语新四级培训之翻译、写作部分

一．四级翻译Translation评分原则及标准 1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。

2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。 3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。 4. 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。 5. 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。 二．具体解题方法：

第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。 所谓形式包括：

1词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等) 2.虚拟 3.被动 所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。

第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。

第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。 举例说明

The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. [解题步骤]:

第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。

第二步：划分成分“本来会有机会活下来” 核心谓语动词是“本来有机会------”，“活下来”作宾语。 第三步：

(1).切块对应翻译：“本来有机会------”= would have a chance to do sth，“活下来”=survive (2).重新组合：would have a chance to survive.

[正确答案]：would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival

[翻 译]：如果遇难者被及时送往医院的话，他本来会有机会活下来的。

[考察知识点]：[虚拟语气]与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用had done，主句用would have done有机会做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth---- 三．如何在冲刺阶段复习翻译型题目

在这里送给大家16个字：立足真题，挖掘考点，回顾过去，胸有成竹。下面从两个角度来谈一下冲刺阶段如何进行翻译题型的复习。

首先，同学们一定要明确新四级中翻译考什么？核心考点是什么？只有这样才能有的放矢的进行冲刺复习，通过对样题以及实考试题的分析，翻译题型有三大考点：

1. 固定搭配考点：这是翻译中的最为核心的考点，也是近几次命题密度最高的知识点，应该引起考生的高度重视。比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达，这些都可能成为本次考试的命题重点。

例1：By contrast, American mothers were more likely ____ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.(大纲样题)。 【考点剖析】这个题目就非常典型。有两个固定搭配考点：1)be likely to do sth ; 2) owe…to /attribute…to (把…归因于)

1

练习

1.The specific use of leisure______（每一人都不同）

2.The ship ' s generator broke down and the pumps____________________（不得不用手工操作） instead of mechanically.

3.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________（习惯了学生迟到） his lecture. 4.I prefer to communicate with my customers ______（通过写电子邮件而不是打电话） 5.（他把自己奉献于社区工作） ______ and is passionate about what he is doing. 6.Man should not exploit the natural resources ______（以牺牲其他物种为代价）

7.When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor ______（把此归因于她对未来的信念）..

8.At the end of his speech, the school master encouraged the children to work hard ______（不要让父母失望）. 9.I didn ' t even speak to him, ____（更不用说与他讨论事情）

10.Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _____（求助于他们的父母） with a sense of guilt. 解析

1.from individual to individual.「超级短语」不及物动词vary的用法。搭配为：vary… from…to各不相同。 2.had to be operated manually

「超级短语」have to通常指由于客观原因则不得不做某事，意思为\"不得不\".其否定形式意思是\"不一定\"或\"没有必要\".

3.to students' being late for「超级短语」be late for,迟到。 4.via E-mail instead of telephone

「超级短语」Instead of的意思是\"代替\"、\"而不\"，后面常跟名词、代词和动名词，偶尔也跟复合结构。 5.he devoted himself to the community

「超级短语」be devoted to有两个含义：A.专心致志于，献身于；B.热爱，很喜欢。作为动词的devote常用下列成语类的搭配：devote oneself/one's life to sth/doing sth. 6.at the cost of sacrificing/loss of other species 「超级短语」at the cost of（以„„为代价），其含义和用法与at the expense of相同。另at all costs意为\"不惜一切代价\".

7.attributed it to her firm belief in the future

超级短语」\"attribute„„to\"，\"把„„归因于„„\"是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点。 8.and not to let their parents down「超级短语」let„„down（使„„失望），形容词表示失望有disappointed. 9.let alone discuss with him 「超级短语」let alone用作连词，译为\"更不用说了\" 10.turn to their parents 「超级短语」turn to sb. for help求助于别人

2. 核心语法考点：这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移，这一点要引起同学的重视，尽管词汇单选题现在不考了，但是还是不能忽视这部分题目，因为考点是一致的。核心语法考点最重要的虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、从句知识、倒装结构、非谓语动词等。 例1：The professor required that ___________(我们交研究报告) by Wednesday .

【考点剖析】本题是典型的语法题目。重点考查考生对虚拟语气的掌握。Require后面接从句的时候，一定会虚拟语气，语法结构为require that +sb+should+动词原形。

例2：Not only ______ (他向我收费过高), but he didn’t do a good repair job either (大纲样题)

【考点剖析】本题同样为典型的语法考点。考查了考生对倒装结构这个特殊语法现象的掌握情况。句首的Not only决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在he之前加did。所以答案应该为did he overcharge me。 练习

1.Only after I slapped him on the back ____（他才发现我并高兴得叫起来）.

2.The victim _____（本来有机会活下来） if he had been taken to hospital in time .

3.The speaker, （以精彩的演讲而闻名）, was warmly received by the audience.

2

4.By the time you get to Greenwich （你会看到伦敦最古老的部分）. 5.（那天已经不远了） modern communication becomes widespread in China’s countryside. 6.（我以前从没见过任何人） who has the skill John has when it comes to repairing cars. 7.The second book was（完成） by this March, but two months later, the end was still nowhere in sight. 8.（学生不喜欢传统课堂的原因之一） is that students are seldom allowed to express their ideas in a traditional classroom. 解析：

1.did he notice me and shouted with happiness

「超级句型」这是only引起的半倒装句，only+强调内容+助动词+主语+谓语+其它 2.would have survived

「超级句型」在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，而主句中则用\"情态动词＋现在完成时\"，即would/ could/ should/ might have done

3. who is famous for his/her splendid speeches或known for his/her splendid speeches

【解析】通过分析句子结构可知，本句主语为the speaker，谓语部分为was warmly received，需要翻译出的部分是对主语情况的补充说明。由此可看出，空格部分可以是以句子主语为先行词的定语从句也可以是用分词来表示修饰的结构。故本题有两种可能性，可译为从句或分词结构。 4. you will have seen the most historic parts of London

【解析】本题考查考生对时态的判断。By the time you get to Greenwich表示的是将来的时间，而根据中文提示可知，需要译出的部分应使用将来完成时，故谓语部分应为will have seen。 5. The day is not far away when

【解析】本题要求考生体现对从句的掌握。由句子结构可知，本句的主干为the day is not far away,而已经给出的英文部分是一个时间从句，指的是句子的主语the day,因此空格部分应译为The day is not far away when，考生应注意不能忽略了从句的引导词when。

6. Never before have I seen anyone或I have never seen anyone

【解析】本题完整意思是“在修车方面我从未见过谁有约翰那样高明的技术。”可见已经给出的英文部分是一个定语从句，其先行词为“任何人”。本题有两种可能的答案，比较简单和直观的是正常语序的I have never seen anyone。但也可将never置于句首，后接一个倒装结构，即Never before have I seen anyone。 7.【答案】to have been completed

【解析】本题由句意可知，需要翻译的部分应使用过去将来时，但应为空格前已经出现了be动词was,所以“完成”之意不可能表达为would be completed，只能考虑用不定式表将来。联系句意，最好把“完成”译为完成时的被动语态，故答案为to have been completed。

8.【答案】One of the reasons why students don’t like the traditional class或One of the factors that make the students dislike the traditional class

【解析】翻译时可考虑使用make„do„这一方式表达“让某人做某事”，当然也可根据中文提示使用表达原因的reason,故本题同样可以有两种正确答案。 3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查。

例1：Though a skilled worker, ____(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis . 【考点剖析】本题的重要考点就是考生对“解雇”这个核心动词的翻译。可以表示解雇的有dismiss, discharge, fire等。

1.（既然你们明天才走）, we can have dinner together tonight.

2. In terms of experience, Mr. Green has the right stuff for the work, （但目前他的健康状况不佳）. 3.He set out again on his journey around the world, （尽管他的朋友们劝他不要去）. 4.(这个计划成功的关键） ___________is good planning.

5.The dog only missed _____________________（被车子碾过）.

6.Not only ___________________(他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either. 解析：

3

1. Since you are leaving tomorrow或Since you will leave tomorrow

【解析】本题的考点在于核心词的使用。表达“既然”之意应使用since，此外还需注意，“既然你们明天才走”描述的是事实而非假设的情况，因此无需使用虚拟语气。

2. but his health is in poor condition now或but he is not in good health now

【解析】本题的考点在于固定搭配及核心词的使用。在表达健康状况时，中英文存在语言差异，中文可以有“他的健康很好”这样的说法，而英文不可说His health is good.故本题易错译为but his health is not good now或his health is poor now.正确的做法应使用固定搭配in„ condition,意为“处于„„的状况或状态”或使用习惯说法be in good health。

3. despite his friends attempt to persuade him not to或though his friend persuaded him not to

【解析】本题的考点在于核心词。表达“劝说”之意可用比较基础的动词词组persuade...to do，而“尽管”可以选择though/although或despite。需要特别注意的是though或although引导从句而despite后应加名词性结构。故本题可能有两种正确答案。 4..The key to the success of this project

「解析」key除作名词\"钥匙\"外，后接介词to，表示\"…的钥匙，…的答案，…的关键\". 5. having been run over by a car

【解析】miss表示“躲过”时后面接动名词，且该动名词要用完成时态的被动语态形式。“碾过” 相应的英语是run over。

6 did he charge me too much/ did he overcharge me

【解析】本句句首是not only，这是倒装句的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，首先需要把

助动词did提炼出来。动词“收费”的对应词是charge，“过高”在这里指金钱，可以译为too much，或者，更简练的译法是在charge前加上前缀-over，译为overcharge。

其次，考生在明确了新四级翻译的核心考点之后，就应该明确在冲刺阶段如何备考，如何应对了。下面我结合自己的理解，给广大考生提五条冲刺备考建议：

1. 在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。 例：(为了挣钱供我上学)_____________, mother often takes on more work than is good for her

【考点剖析】对于“为了挣钱供我上学“的表达，我们可以说To earn money for my education; To earn money for my schooling ; In order to make money to finance my education ; In order to make money to fund my education ; In order to earn money to afford my education等。 表达多样化，发散性思维，对地道英文表达的积累很有帮助，直接与四级考试中翻译与写作题型相关。

2. 绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点

例：The author was required to submit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research paper.

上面这道题是2004年1月份四级考试的一道词汇单选题，同学们不难发现，句中的submit(提交)这个考点词在2006年6月的新四级的翻译题中再次出现，这足以说明以前的词汇语法题目的考点与新题型中的翻译题考点具有延续性与继承性。这种考点延续的例子很多，由于篇幅所限，就不一一列举，以下举几个典型例子，以前词汇题考点，在未来的翻译中很可能考到的，抛砖引玉，希望引起考生重视。 例1：He gave a pledge to handle the affairs in a friendly manner .

【考点探究】 本题为2003年6月四级考试的词汇单选题，handle the affairs in a friendly manner (以友好的方式处理事务)是一个核心表达，很有可能在翻译中考查。因为在这句话中，出现了考点叠加的现象：第一，give a pledge to do sth (承诺做某事)；第二，handle(处理)这个核心动词的用法；第三，in …manner(以…方式)这个重要短语；考生一定要清楚，在复习词汇单选题的时候，出现考点叠加的地方一定要高度重视，容易命题。

例2：You will not be particular about your food in time of great hunger 【考点探究】be particular about your food(对食物挑剔)这个核心短语很可能成为翻译考点。除了这个表达外，还可以用be selective about your food 进行替换，这就反映了表达的多样性。

4

3. 多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一举两得。 4. 强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。 5. 深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。 四．大学英语四级考试中翻译题型考点 1. 比较句

比较句可细分为三种情况：同级比较、比较级和最高级，其中前两种是考查的重点。 1)同级比较

as…as…通常用来表示同级比较，否定形式是not as…as…或not so…as…。

特别要注意倍数表达法，公式为：倍数数字（twice, three times, half, a quarter等）+as+adj.+as。 【例1】On average, it is said, visitors spend only _______________（一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London【答案】half as much money

【译文】据说，游客平均一天在利兹花掉的钱只有在伦敦的一半那么多。

【解析】考查倍数的表达，后半句有明确的“as”一词。根据倍数的表达公式，空缺部分先填数字half，接着填 as，由于修饰的是钱，形容词用much，最后是名词money。 2）比较级

表示比较级通常用more/-er…than结构，可修饰比较级的词包括a bit, a little, slightly, a lot, far, greatly, many, much, even, still等。比较级的考查要点包括：the more…, the more (less)…越…越（不）…；no+ more/-er+ than结构，如：no less than （数目）多达；与…同等重要的；正是；no more than 至多，不超过，仅仅；同…一样多；no better than 实际上和…一样；仅仅；等等。 【例2】 The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂).

【答案】the more confused I am/become 【译文】你愈解释，我愈糊涂。

【解析】考查the more…, the more…句型；“糊涂”常译为be confused，用一般现在时。另外，还要注意几组容易混淆的比较级形式：latter/later：latter表顺序，“后者的”，反义词是former；later表时间，“后来”，反义词是earlier。 farther/further：farther表距离，“更远的（地）”，如：Let’s not walk any farther. 我们别再往前走了。further表程度，“更进一步地”，如：I have nothing further to say. 我再没什么可说的了。英语中有几个从拉丁语借用的表示比较级的词，词尾为-or，常用的包括：superior，inferior，prior，senior，junior。需要强调的是：这些词本身就是比较级，而且必须和介词to搭配。如：Prior to the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony. 在独立战争之前，美国是英国的殖民地。They are superior in numbers to us. 他们在数量上超过我们。 3）用于表示“与…相比”的短语

表示“与…相比”的常用短语有两个：compared with, in comparison with，它们可用于同级比较、比较级和最高级。注意：不要混淆compare with和compare to（把…比做）：

The poet compares the woman he loves to a rose. 这位诗人把他所钟情的女人比作玫瑰花。 【例3】Your losses in trade this year are nothing ______________________ （与我的相比）. 【答案】compared with mine/in comparison with mine 【译文】你今年在交易中的损失与我的相比算不上什么。

【解析】翻译时有两点容易出错。一是compared with必须用过去分词的形式。此外，句中“我的” 其实是my losses的省略形式，但这样译不符合英语的习惯用法，应使用物主代词所有格mine。 2. 各引导词的主要用法如下：

although/though：通常可以互换，但在句子开头，although更常用一些；though在非正式文体中更常用

5

一些，且前面可以加上even，表示强调，although无此用法。 【例4】Though a skilled worker, _______________(他被公司解雇了).

【答案】he was fired by the company 【译文】尽管是个熟练工，可他被公司解雇了。 【解析】首先确定“解雇”对应的英语是fire，用被动语态，根据常识判断用过去时。 as：引导的让步状语从句需要倒装，这是以往语法考试的一个重要考点，值得重视。 【例5】____as______________（尽管我很欣赏作为作家的他）, I do not like him as a man. 【答案】Much (as) I admire him as a writer

【译文】尽管我很欣赏作为作家的他，我却不喜欢他的为人。

【解析】“很”可译为much，考虑到句子要倒装，much放在句首。“作为作家”与主句的as a man结构上相对应，可译为as a writer。

whether…or…：该结构所引导的从句意思相当于：it doesn’t matter whether…or…。 【例6】The substance does not dissolve in water ________________________(不管是否加热)。 【答案】whether (it is) heated or not 【译文】这种物质不溶于水，不管是否加热。 【解析】考查whether… or …结构，翻译的关键在于“加热”在英语中应当用被动语态。

no matter wh-/wh-ever：no matter可以同who, what, which, where, when, how连用，引导让步状语从句，这些起连接作用的短语相当于whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, however（与表示转折的however同形不同义），区别在于后者还能引导主语或宾语从句，no matter wh-则无此用法。 如：I’ll always love you, no matter what happens.相当于I’ll always love you whatever happens.

不管发生什么，我将永远爱你。

despite/in spite of：也可表让步关系，但它们是介词，后面必须接名词性成分，如：Despite the terrible flood of bad novels and poor work, there are good novelists. 尽管拙劣的小说和作品大量涌现，还是不乏优秀的小说家。 3. 倒装句

倒装历来是语法的重要考点，主要用于以下几种情况： 1）表示否定或限定意义的词（如only）或短语位于句首时；

2）so，neither，nor引导的句子承前表示同类情况时：A: I can’t speak English. B: Nor can I. A: 我不会说英语。B: 我也一样。

3）地点状语位于句首、动词是come, lie, stand, walk等时：

Under the table was lying an unconscious young man. 桌子底下躺着一个失去知觉的年青人。 其中，第一类是重点，又可分为以下几种情况：

（1）seldom，rarely，never位于句首时，句子倒装。如：Never have I felt better. 我现在感觉好极了。 （2）使用Hardly/ Scarcely… when, No sooner… than结构时，句子倒装。

（3）当包含only的状语出现在句首时，句子倒装。如：Only in a few countries does the whole population enjoy a reasonable standard of living. 只在少数几个国家，全体人民都能享受较高的生活水平。 （4）当包含no的短语出现在句首时，句子倒装。常用的这类短语包括：at no time, under no circumstances, in no way, on no account, on no condition, by no means等。如：On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals. 在任何情况下游客都不许喂食动物。

【例7】Not only ___________________(他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either. 【答案】did he charge me too much/ did he overcharge me 【译文】他不但向我收费过高，而且东西修得也不好。

6

【解析】本句句首是not only，这是倒装句的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，首先需要把助动词did提炼出来。动词“收费”的对应词是charge，“过高”在这里指金钱，可以译为too much，或者，更简练的译法是在charge前加上前缀-over，译为overcharge。 4. 接不定式或动名词的动词及短语

英语中有很多动词和短语后面固定接to-不定式或动名词，有的两种形式都可以接，但意思有区别。这些都很容易成为考点。

后面接动名词作宾语的动词包括：anticipate 期待，appreciate 感激，consider 考虑，deny 否认，dislike 厌恶，enjoy 享受…乐趣，favor 支持，mind 介意，practice 练习，report 报道，resent 怨恨，risk 冒险，keep 继续，imagine 想象，fancy 想象，recall 追忆，defend 辩护，justify 证明…正确，include 包括，involve 涉及，advise/suggest 建议，admit/acknowledge 承认，confess 坦白，delay 拖延，postpone 延期，excuse / forgive 原谅，miss 错过，escape 逃避，avoid 回避，tolerate 容忍，resist 忍住，等。 【例8】The dog only missed _____________________（被车子碾过）. 【答案】having been run over by a car 【译文】这只狗差点被车子碾过。

【解析】miss表示“躲过”时后面接动名词，且该动名词要用完成时态的被动语态形式。“碾过” 相应的英语是run over。

后面接动名词作宾语的短语动词包括：give up 放弃，put off 推迟，dream of/about 梦想，despair of 对…绝望，object to 反对，count on 依靠，指望，feel like 想要，persevere in 坚持不懈，insist on 坚决主张，坚持，stick to 坚持；persist in 坚持，succeed in 在…方面成功，look forward to 盼望，have (no)trouble/difficulty (in) 做…有（没有）困难，等。

【例9】Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ________________(找到去历史博物馆的路). 【答案】finding the way to the history museum【译文】他已经在城里待过一段时间，因此毫不费力地找到去历史博物馆的路。

【解析】had no trouble后面接动名词，“去…的路”属于常用的短语，用the way to。

后面接to不定式作宾语的动词包括：refuse 拒绝，afford 花得起，负担得起，agree 同意，choose 选定，claim 声称，manage 设法，offer 给予/提出，pretend 假装，promise 许诺，swear 发誓，venture 敢于，guarantee 保证，decide/determine/resolve 决定，desire/ hope/ wish 希望, expect 预料/期待，等。 可用于be+ adj. +to do结构的形容词包括：anxious, able，bound，eager, likely等。 【例10】The boy swore ______________________________（报复谋杀父亲的凶手）.

【答案】to take revenge on the man who murdered his father/ to take revenge on his father’s murderer 【译文】这个男孩发誓要报复谋杀父亲的凶手。

【解析】swore（swear的过去式）后面接动词的不定式，报复可以译成to take revenge on，

后面接不带to的不定式作宾语的短语动词包括：had better 最好，cannot but 不得不，may/might as well 不妨，would rather/sooner 宁愿，等。

例11．He would rather _____________________（和你一起参加工作也不愿待在家里）. 【答案】join you in the work than stay at home 【译文】他宁愿和你一起参加工作也不愿待在家里。

【解析】本句的基本结构是would rather…than…。would rather后面接不带to的不定式，也就是join you in the work，这部分和“待在家里”是并列成分，应采用相同的形式，所以than后面接stay at home。 下面是接不定式和动名词意思有区别的动词：

try to do 设法做（某事）try doing 尝试做（某事） mean to do 想要做（某事）mean doing 意味着做（某

7

事） propose to do 打算做（某事）propose doing 建议做（某事） forget to do 忘记要做（某事）forget doing 忘记已做（某事） remember to do 记得要做（某事）remember doing 记得已做过（某事） regret to do 遗憾将要做（某事）regret doing 遗憾已做过（某事） go on to do 接下来做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（原来的事） stop to do 停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing 停止做（某事）

大学英语四级考试应用文写作及历年真题及范文

应用文类

二、应用文题型（Applied Writing）

应用文的范围很广，包括书信、便条、广告、简历以及通知等诸方面。英语考试中的应用文以书信为主、兼或有报告、演讲词、导游介绍之类的要求，这一点在大学英语四级考试中屡有所见。

书 信

英文书信一般包括六个部分：

\" 信头-----------------------写信人的地址和日期 \" 收信人内文地址--------收信人的姓名及地址

\" 称呼-----------------------对收信人的称谓语，写在内文地址以下两行 \" 正文-----------------------写信人的身份及写信目的 \" 结束客套语----------------信尾谦辞 \" 签名

称谓（Salutation）

这儿指写信人对收信人的称谓。从左边顶格写起，自成一行，比信内地址低两行。其开头词和专有名词的第一个字母还应大写。称谓后，英国人喜用逗号，而美国人则用冒号。 \" \"Dear\" 的用法：

最常见的是用Dear + （头衔）姓或名，如：Dear Professor Chen, Dear Mr. Alan 或Dear Isabel, 也就是在Mr., Mrs, Miss, Ms, Prof., Dr. 等后只用姓，不用名字。如果关系比较亲密，可用My Dear…。 \" 给某个机构或你不认识的人写信，则按如下称呼写： Dear Sir, Dear Sirs, Sirs, Gentlemen, Dear Madame, Ladies or Madame, To Whom It May Concern.

\" 写给政府各部门首长，如参议员、法官、大使、市长等可用Hon. （Honorable 阁下的缩写），表示尊重。 四级历年真题四级模拟试题英语四级听力四级必背范文

正文（Body）

正文是书信的主要部分。通常在低于称呼一行处写起，每段开头要向后缩进五到八个字母。正文从内容结构上一般包括：

\" 写信人的身份及写信目的------------位于开头部分，一般是寒暄或点明写信的目的；要写得贴切、热情、恰如其分。

\"写信人的想法，请求等细节--------位于中间部分，叙述一封信的主要内容，要求写得具体明了，直截了当 \"向收信人表示谢意、希望等---------位于结尾部分，通常写一些表示祝愿、问候、感谢等结束敬语或希望之类的话语。

下面是一些写信时的常用表达： 开头语常用表达：

\" 寒暄或关于\"接到你的某月某日的信\"

Excuse me of not writing you for such a long time.

8

Your letter dated the 10th inst. （instant 本月） is at hand.

I feel complimented by the kindness of your letter which arrived this morning. Words can't express my delight of receiving your letter dated Aug. 27. \" 点明目的，表示通知、消息。

I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor.

I have the pleasure to tell you that our friend, Jim, will get married in the New Year's Day. I am very much delighted to inform that you will get a promotion soon.

结尾语常用表达：

\" We send you our best wishes. ／ \" With best regards. ／ \" Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

\" Love to all you. ／ \" Please give my best regards to your family / parents. ／ \" All the luck in the world to you.

结尾谦辞（Complementary Close）。 结尾谦辞指写信人对收信人的谦辞称，写在正文下第二、三行处，从信纸中间稍向右处或齐头左顶格写起，第一字母大写，末尾加逗号。结尾谦辞根据通信人之间关系的亲疏恰当选择。常见的有以下几种： \" 通常使用：

Sincerely,（Your Sincerely; Sincerely yours; Most sincerely） ／ Truly，（Yours truly; very truly yours） \" 给上级、长辈、领导或公务信件用： Respectively yours ／ Faithfully yours, \" 一般同事或熟人之间用：

Yours ever ／ Your friend／ Cordially yours, \" 写出亲属或关系非常亲密的是：

With love ／Love ／ All my love ／Forever yours ／Yours affectionately ／ Your loving son / daughter

书信作文的语体问题

就书信作文而言，作文内容固然重要，但语体更是问题。英文书信大致可分为事务书信（Business Letters）和个人书信（Personal Letters）两种。前者是单位与单位或个人与单位之间来往的信件，语体比较正规（formal）；后者则是个人与个人之间的飞鸿，表达较为随便（Personal）。但有时，同一封信可以采用正式与非正式两种语体表达，这就要求考生具有明辨和变换语体的能力。会变换语体，就要掌握大量词汇和句子结构、套语，尤其是同义词的不同感情色彩以及委婉语气和祈使句的应用。一般说来，正式文多采用包含would, should, might 等情态动词的语句，而个人书信除对师长的客套外，大都可融进少量口语体的句子（如祈使句、感叹句等）。值得一提的是广义虚拟语气在书信中的应用（凡要表达客气委婉的语气或留有余地的主观愿望而使用的虚拟语气属广义用法）。广义虚拟语气涉及到若干固定句式，比如：

陈述看法

I believed/thought/guessed/supposed/…that+表述内容（用过去时代替现在时是客气委婉的表示。） 提出劝告、建议

It would/could be fine to do … ／ You might as well do … ／ You should do…

提出请求、询问意向

I would （very much） like to V … ／ Could you ... ／ Would you …

表明意向

I was wondering if … ／ I wondered if …

以上句式在正式或比较正式的书信中是常见的，应学会使用。

9

实例1----2002年1月真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 Model Composition January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr. President,

I am a student here. I write you this letter to say a few words about the dining halls in this university.

First, the food in the dining halls is not delicious enough, either too salty or too watery, especially in Dining Hall 3. Second, the prices in dining hall are very high and usually we cannot afford it. Third, the dining halls are always very crowed and we can seldom find seats if arriving there not early enough and the tables are not cleaned in time. Anyway, what is good is that the working staff in the dining halls are quite kind, friendly and patient, and they usually try their best to meet the demand of the students and teachers.

Thus I suggest enlarging the dining halls and improving the quality of foods and reducing the prices to what is acceptable to all the students.

Best wishes. Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

实例2----2003年12月真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friend's inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

建议报考的专业及理由 报考该专业的基本条件 应当如何备考

Model Composition

A Letter of Reply to a Friend

December 27, 2003 Dear

When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, foreign trade and so on. What's more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market.

In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, \"Practice makes perfect\". In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since \"interest is the best teacher.\"

As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, you'd better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university.

10

Yours 实例3----2001年6月真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese. 表示欢迎

提出过度假安排的建议 提醒应注意的事项 Model Composition

A Letter to a Schoolmate

June 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang,

I'm very happy that you will come to Beijing and spend holidays with me. It is a long time that we haven't seen each other and I miss you very much. I have always been looking forward to your arrival.

Since you will stay in Beijing for a week, I suggest you visit some places of interests, such as the Great Wall, the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace, the Tian'An Men Square, Mount Fregrance and etc. If time permits, I can show you around some famous universities like Peking University, Tsinghua University and so on, which are worth your visit.

As the weather here is changeable, I propose you to wear more clothes in case that it is getting colder. Come here as soon as possible and I can't wait to meet you. Wish you a safe and pleasant trip here. Yours, 报告写作

报告（report）是指向某人、某公司或政府机关通报值得注意的一些事实的文件，报告有很多种，这里我们主要集中看看大学生或毕业生所马上面临的部分。在编写报告时，要注意下列事项： \" 弄清楚为谁写这份报告，为什么写 \" 尽量用简洁的语言 \" 要有特色

\" 报告写完后，对主要观点要有总结

一般四级考查的是短文式报告（Report in Essay Style）,这类报告通常包括三部分：引言（Introduction）, 正文（body），结论（conclusion）。当然，正文根据情况不同，可分为不同的段落。

实例----2003年6月真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点： 车祸发生的时间及地点 你所见到的车祸情况 你对车祸原因的分析 Model Composition

An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident

Last Friday morning I was standing at the bus stop waiting for Bus No. 375. Because several lines pass by the station and it was rush hour, many people had gathered there before next bus came, some off the pavement, others on the lawn.

A bus pulled into the station at last. Before I recognized the number of the packed bus, people already

thronged forward and fought their way to the door. Suddenly I heard somebody shout \"Help! Help!\" It was from

11

the crowd. All the passengers looked toward the point where the sound came from. A pregnant woman was lying on the road nearby the bus door, bleeding all over. I was frightened and dazed. An ambulance came and took the woman to hospital. Buses came and went, but I just stood there, lost in thought.

Probably because time and tide wait for no man, people in modern society are always in a hurry, lest they should be left behind and even dismissed. There can never be peace of mind. Thus rises the number of traffic accident. If there were less pressure on people, there might be fewer accidents.

公众演讲稿

下面我们看一下公众演讲。大体来说，公众演讲可分为四类：

\" 信息型演讲（informative speech）／ \" 劝说型演讲（persuasive speech）／ \" 娱悦型演讲（entertaining speech） ／ \" 激励型演讲（stimulating speech） 一般来说，演讲包括六个部分： \" 问候语（Greetings）

\" 提出话题（Presentation of the Topic） \" 论述话题（Discussion of the Topic） \" 结束话题（Conclusion of the Topic） \" 呼吁行动（Appeal to Action） \" 结尾语（Closing Remarks）

当然虽然一个演讲包括以上六部分，但未必是六段，在四级考试中，可以把问候语、提出话题合为一段，论述话题一段或两段，而把结束话题、呼吁行动以及结尾语融在一起为一段。 实例----2005年1月真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.

1 你认为自己具备是什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会主席工作， 2 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？ Model Composition

Good morning. My fellow friends, I feel very glad and excited to have the honor of being a candidate for the president of the students' union. I am a junior and come from the Foreign Language department. I think I can be qualified to work for the union as the president for the following reasons.

I joined the department students' union the moment I entered this university, and have been the president of that organization one year later. Consequently, I have accumulated rich experiences in organization activities and communicating with students. Besides, I have a belief of serving for the benefits of students and that of the university as well. Both my fellow department-mates and teachers all give me high praises due to the

contributions I made during my term. More importantly, I believe I am a dynamic person full of passion for a variety of things. I am one member of the school basketball team.

If I am lucky enough to be elected the president, I will contribute great efforts to serve the interests of our school. Specifically speaking, I will organize various activities and do more exchanges with other schools to help our learning and make the life even more colorful. I sincerely hope you may give me a chance. Thank you.

导游解说词

当今世界旅游事业蓬勃发展，旅游业已成为各国重要的经济部门。为了招揽游客，导游解说和旅游指南就显得十分必要，大学英语考试中有关旅游的题目也是很多。导游解说除了开头结尾的客套话，中间则是对景点的介绍，而旅游指南里面大部分也是对景点大介绍。导游解说词和旅游指南的语言既具有广告宣传文字的特点，也具有某些报导文字和游记文字的特色。其语言既比较规范，又具有大众化，辞令明快优

12

美，富于表现力和说明力，向旅游者介绍某个地方的特色，提供游览的信息，帮助游人了解和欣赏要游览的地方，有时还告诉游客诸如交通、食宿、花费、时间表等出外旅游常见问题。 大家看下面的实例，体会一下导游解说词和旅游指南的写作特点： 实例----2004年6月真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines: Your role: a tour guide

Your audience: a group of foreign tourists Your introduction should include: ● some welcoming words ● the schedule for the day

● a description of the place the tourists will be visiting （e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.） You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody. Model Composition

A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction

Good morning, ladies and gentleman, welcome to Beijing. To begin with, I would like to introduce myself: I am the tourist guide from China Travel Service and it's great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day. Just as the old saying goes, \"It is always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar\yourselves during this trip.

The following is the schedule for the day. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China. The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which are the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one thousand years ago. In the afternoon, we will go to the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors.

Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seventh century B.C., the Great Wall was constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states. By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt that one says, \"He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man\". Above is the introduction to our arrangement. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.

申诉信、投诉信、邀请信和给报社专栏信

当交易过程中出现问题时，客户就会写封申诉信给有关的商家或机构要求弥补或赔偿。写申诉信时，应把问题讲清楚，而不要讽刺挖苦，应保持理性、温和、有礼的态度，有理有节。对有关人或部门要做正面评价，注重礼貌。

在写申述信时，要注意下列事项：

首先简要清楚介绍交易背景，如交易时间、地点、商品名称、尺寸和颜色或服务项目，以及交易当事人。 其次详尽解释申诉信的目的，包括交易过程中的出现的问题以及自己的不满。所用语言应该理性、自然、温和、有礼。最后，提出自己的补救方法。

当寄信人所买的商品或接受的服务有问题，需要某些调整，例如更换、维修、退货或退款时，就会写封投拆信给有关商家或机构。投拆信(Claim letter) 和申诉信(Complaint letter)不同的地方在于投拆信有保证书或保单之类的理赔证据为保障，故收信人要按照规定予以合理赔偿。而申诉信则视读信人是否愿意给申诉人一个交代而定。

邀请信在四级往年题目里曾经考过，其特点是要热情，一般分为两部分内容：一是写明什么事、在什么时间、什么地点邀请人出席;二是为什么邀约对方以及一些期待、盼望之类的话。写作时应注意以下几点： 时间、地点要具体 写明原因和目的

13

习俗礼节要注意 格式称呼要讲究

很多报刊设立专栏，为生活中的一些问题提供建议和解决办法。人们可以向某专栏作家求助，也可以就某个问题发表自己的看法。在写专栏文章时，口语文体稍多一点，就如同和某个人对话。在文体方面，也可以多些变化。当然写专栏文章，称呼是确定的，即Dear Editor。 大家看下面的实例，体会这几种信件的写法：

实例1 申诉信 Model Composition Dear Mr. Smith,

Your printing quality is excellent, but delivery is not. We expect our printing orders to be on time. Recently, our orders have been delivered to us from two to five days later than the time promised. This practice has got to stop.

We have been maintaining a mutual rewarding relationship. We receive outstanding service coupled with creativity. For instance, with the widget promotion you helped to develop the color theme for our marketing program and we appreciated that greatly. In return for your quality work, we have given all our business to you. Now that relationship is in jeopardy because of your untimely delivery of printing orders.

We know you can meet the deadlines. Your action of getting our printing requirements to us on time is greatly appreciated.

Sincerely, Li Ming

分析：以上是Gloryfield Furniture Manufacturing Inc. 写给Smith & Steven Printing Company 的申诉信, 信中提到Smith & Steven Printing Company经常延误送货时间而给Gloryfield Furniture Manufacturing Inc.带来损失。最后，Gloryfield Furniture 希望对方以后能够准时交货。

实例 2 投诉信 Model Composition

Dear Customer Service Department,

Thank you for sending the above mentioned merchandise promptly. However, the merchandise No. 00712433, Model Name: Anta Sport, received on January 23rd, 2005, was found defective.

The merchandise mentioned above was fading. Based on the merchandise quality report given by your company, the sneaker is fade proof; and it is manufactured under strict quality control. Moreover, the sales agreement has clearly stated that any unsatisfactory transaction can be resolved in the way of exchanging the merchandise or refunding.

As the merchandises are the most demanded in the market and for the sake of our mutual benefit, your prompt actions are appreciated. I am looking forward to your reply.

Enclosed are copies of invoice and delivery order for your reference.

Yours truly, Li Ming

分析：这是顾客向客户服务部投诉的一封信。第一段清楚说明了有问题的商品的型号，交易时间。第二段提出解决问题的办法和依据，要么更换，要么退钱。第三段表达出期待，当然最后还要附上发票和其他证明依据。

实例 3 邀请信 Model Composition

Dear Mr. Smith:

Your letter of Jan. 27 reached me this morning. We were very happy to know that you had readily accepted our invitation and Mrs. Smith would accompany you on this lecture tour. Arrangements will be made for her to work in the Foreign Language Department. To comply with your wish, we are making necessary preparations for

14

you to come at the beginning of March.

We will provide you and Mrs. Smith with free housing at our university and free medical service while you are here. In addition, we will pay you 5,000 China Yuan and Mrs. Smith 3000 Yuan per month as salaries to cover your food and daily necessities. We also undertake to bear your traveling and hotel expenses to China and back. Our teachers and graduate students particularly like to hear your views on Power Management and related subjects, but if you prefer to lecture on other topics in the area of power and electricity, they will be equally interested.

To provide you with some information about our university and our physics department in which you are to work, we enclose herewith a brochure containing a brief account of both of them and a few photos taken of our campus. Also enclosed is a draft contract. If you agree to the terms contained therein, please sign it and send it back by return mail.

My colleagues and myself are looking forward to welcoming you and Mrs. Smith on our campus. Sincerely Yours, Li Ming

分析：这是一封邀请外国专家来校讲学的信件，开头感谢Smith先生答应来讲学，并满足他的一些要求，第二段则详细介绍了给予的待遇，第三段对Smith先生讲课的内容有礼貌委婉地做了限制，最后则提供了本校的详细信息，以期待专家尽快做出决定。全文礼貌，热情，事情介绍清楚明了。

实例 4 写给报社专栏的信件 Model Composition

Health more important Dear editor：

Wealth or health? Many would choose the former over the latter. In the past, I too would have chosen wealth, but after last winter vacation, I completely changed my view.

“Uncle Tom is suffering from cancer. Let’s go to see him tomorrow.” When my mother told me the bad news, I could hardly believe my ears. Uncle Tom has been a good friend to my father for years and had always been kind to me. In the morning, I often saw him wearing his jacket and doing exercises. He looked so healthy and energetic.

I continued to hope that some mistake had been made in his physical examination until I saw him lying in the hospital bed with my own eyes. He was quite different from the dynamic man in my memory.

We were aware that he must be bearing great pain, so we tried to comfort him, encouraging him to pull through. He just nodded with tears shining in his eyes. I turned back for fear that I couldn’t keep back my tears. On the way home, I was deep in thought. I asked myself: If money was everything, could it buy health? Of course not. Health is the most important of all.

Adam, Los Angels 祝贺信、感谢信和慰问信

在得知亲朋好友毕业、通过考试、获得学位、获奖、晋升、结婚、生日庆典等喜讯时，应写信表示祝贺。祝贺信可长可短，但一定要写得亲切热烈，表达出喜悦和兴奋的感情。

在收到别人的礼物或接受了别人的问候、祝贺、慰问、帮助、款待和推荐之后，应写信表示感谢。感谢信没有必要写得太长，但要写得真诚、热切。

亲朋好友或同事、同学办事失败，遭遇不幸时，我们应写信表示安慰。慰问信要有真情实感，向对方表达同情之意，以乐观向上的语言减轻对方的烦恼与痛苦，并给对方以克服困难，走出困境的信心。 在四级英语考试中，这三种类型的信件可以和提纲型作文结合起来进行考查。 下面我们通过实例体会一下三类信件的写法： 实例1 祝贺信

下面是对某公司客户得到一笔不错生意的祝贺 Model Composition

February 15th, 2005

15

Dear Mr. Smith:

Congratulations on your firm’s recent selection to design and print media advertisements for the Beijing Municipal Government. We learned of your success at our convention in Shanghai last month.

We have long believed that the success of individual franchises is directly linked to the healthy growth of the industry at large. We can think of no better firm to help our industry achieve wide recognition than your company. We have followed your success in promoting other associations such as soft drinks, snack foods and recycling. Your “Dream Vision 2008” ads for the bottling industry were both inspirational and effective in raising consumer awareness, and we look for similar positive responses to this business with the Beijing Municipal Government.

Again, accept our warm congratulations on your selection. We look forward to seeing the results of the survey you conducted during our convention.

Sincerely yours Leonardo Chen 分析：在第一段中，作者说明了祝贺的理由。第二段通过表示对客户以前工作的了解，使祝贺显得更具说服力。第三段再次表示祝贺之意。 实例 2 感谢信

这是一篇感谢别人送行的信件 Model Composition

Dear Isabel,

It was certainly grand of you and Tom to come and see me off! I know it was not easy for you to get to the airport at such an early hour, so I appreciate it all the more.

Flying over water can get dreadfully boring after the first few hours, and your book of love stories came in very handy. It was sweet and thoughtful of you to think of it.

The flight was uneventful and we arrived in Beijing on schedule time. Alice and Adam met me at the airport, and went straight to their charming little house. I know I am going to love it here.

I will write to you again, Isabel. In the meantime, my thanks to you and Tom for your much kindness to me when I studied in New York, and my love to you both, always!

Yours Ever, Li Ming

分析：第一段开门见山直接表达感激之情。第二段通过提前准备好一本书以打发旅途无聊时光这一细节，使感激之情更加真挚。第三段讲抵达后的情况，报平安，以示关系亲近。最后再次表达谢意。

实例3 慰问信，下面是别人在海啸中受伤后，表示关切而写的一封慰问信

Dear Tom,

I am very sorry to learn from the evening paper that a tsunami hit your city this early morning, and I just can not tell you how sorry I was to learn of your injury. Your family tells me that you are progressing nicely, and that you will be out of the hospital in about ten days. I am certainly relieved to know that!

In the next day or so you will receive a little package from me. I hope you like it, and that it will help to pass the time more pleasantly.

With every good wish for your swift recovery.

Sincerely Yours, Li Ming

分析：对于遭受自然灾害受伤的亲友，应该去信表示慰问，用语尽量中肯贴切。信中不必询问受伤或事故的前前后后，来龙去脉，应表述你听说友人受伤后的难过心情，以及希望他不久就能痊愈的祝愿。

申请信(LETTERS OF APPLICATION)

该类信件主要用于求职、求学或辞职以及其它请求，是一种十分重要的正式函件。一般来说，写申请

16

信时要附上个人简历。申请信是一种自荐形式，申请人向某个单位或学术机构推荐自己从事某种工作或就读某个学科。在写申请信时，要注意简明扼要，突出重点，能马上引起人们注意。

申请信有两种类型：一种是对某一招聘广告所提及的职业提出申请(a response to a specific advertisement)，另一种不必以招聘广告为据，是推测某种可能性而提出的申请(application on speculation)。写申请信文字讲究规范化，提供的信息要真实、简洁，语气要肯定、自信。例如，大学生在求职时，有一个不利之处在于缺乏工作经验，在表达该意思时，一般我们不用 “I don’t have much experience in …”，而选择 “I am eager to get more experience in…”。后者比前者要积极很多。

申请信的格式分为齐头式(full flock)，混合式(block)和缩行式(semi-block)三种。从三种格式看：现时商务、政务等公务中流行的齐头式每行都自左至右顶格开始;混合式的信头、日期、结束语和签名都安排在信纸的中间偏右部位，其他部分与齐头式一样，每行都自左边顶格开始;缩行式与混合式不同的地方是信的正文每段第一行都与写普通文章的段落写法一样。应该指出的是，这三种形式都是可以接受的，没有优劣之分。但在使用时，不可混用，一旦决定采用某种格式，在同一封信中就必须保持一致，而不要中途改变。 申请信属于正式公函，一般包括公函的几个基本部分：信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束套语、签名。有的签名后还有外加部分，如附言(Postscript,略作P. S.)、附件(Enclosure,常略作Encl.)、副本抄送(Carbon Copy,略作cc.)。若有这些附加部分的其中一项或两项，均齐头写在左下方。

信头包括写信人自己的姓名、地址和写信的日期;信内地址包括收信人的姓名、职务和地址;称呼一般用“Dear Sir”，或者“Gentlemen”，有时偶尔也用“Dear Sir or Madam”，当然具体称呼“Dear Mr. Smith”(男性)，“Dear Miss Smith”或者“Dear Mrs. Coles”和“Dear Ms. Mckay”(女性)都是可以的。公务信件的正式结束语可以是“Yours Truly”，“Yours Very Truly”，“Yours Sincerely”或者“Sincerely”等。签名必须清楚，若是打字的信件，签名要签在打字姓名的上面。

申请信的正文一般可以由几个短的段落组成。第一段写明你申请的职位或工作，说明是什么原因使你提出申请，或者你在何时何处看到的招聘广告而做出回应。第二段着重写你的教育背景、特殊技能和主要工作经历(与所附简历吻合)，这些是你被录用的基本条件。第三段写明你为什么要到所申请公司或所申请单位工作的理由。这是你向往该公司的原因，文字夸张一点是可以的，但不要说谎。比方说“Your company is the only place I have ever wanted to work”就显得不明智，而说“Your company’s reputation for good service to its customers and fairness to its employees has prompted me to apply”就使人听起来感到很合情理，很舒畅。第四段可以写你能应聘或面试的具体时间或其他合理要求。最后是礼节式的表态，如可以用“Thank you for considering my application”。以上所述是申请信正文结构的大致安排，当然大家也可以灵活掌握，有所变通，只要把这几层意思表达出来就行了。

大家看下面的实例，体会申请信的写作特点。 实例 1 求职申请信 February 14th, 2005

Ms Alice Green, Store Manager Carefour

Building 8, Red Star Street Dongcheng Distric, Beijing Dear Ms Green:

You want retail clerks and managers who are accurate, enthusiastic, and experienced. You want someone who cares about customer service, who understands merchandising, and who can work with others to get the job done. When you are ready to hire a manager trainee or a clerk who is willing to work toward promotion, please consider me for the job.

Working as clerk and then as assistant department manager in a large department store has taught me how challenging a career in retailing can be. Moreover, my AA degree in retailing (including work in such courses as retailing, marketing, and business information system) will provide your store with a well-rounded associate. Most important, I can offer Carefour Dongcheng Store more than my two years’ of study and field experience: You will find that I am interested in every facet of retailing, eager to take on responsibility, and willing to continue

17

learning throughout my career. Please look over my resume to see how my skills can benefit your store.

I understand that Carefour prefers to promote its managers from within the company, and I would be pleased to start out with an entry-level position until I gain the necessary experience. Do you have any associate positions opening up soon? Could we discuss my qualifications? I will phone you early next Wednesday to see whether we can arrange a meeting at your convenience. Sincerely yours, Adam Smith Enclosure

分析：在第一段中，申请人通过对所申请职位的描述与自己的条件，迅速地引起收件人的注意。第二段中申请人点明了自己的个人素质与技能，这些在简历里难以展示，使收件人对申请人有更清楚的了解。第三段申请人对公司晋升政策的了解肯定会引起读者的兴趣。虽然最后一段用的是第一人称I，但文章的中心与重点还是在读者身上。 实例 2 留学出国申请信

Directions: Imagine you want to study in a US university for a master’s degree. Your composition should include:

l an introduction of yourself,

l why you want to study in that university, and l your thanks.

You should write no less than 120 words. Model Composition

To whom it may concern,

My name is Li Ming and I am now studying at Peking University and going to graduate in this July. My major in the university is chemistry and I hope to study in your university for a master’s degree.

There are many reasons why I want to study in your university. Here are just some: To begin with, because your university is a world-famous one and especially good at chemistry. I know some Nobel Prize winners for Chemistry once worked in the Department of Chemistry in your university. I believe I will get an excellent education in your university. What’s more, I am qualified to study in your university. I have been studying hard at Peking University, one of the best universities of China and I have all “As” in my courses. Also I am good at sports, especially basketball and football. Last but not least, I am very much interested in chemistry and plan to devote myself to the study of it. In all I think I can study well in your university. Thank you for your consideration and I am looking forward to your reply.

Yours Sincerely Li Ming 下面是在写申请信时的一些常用句型： 开门见山点明写信目的时常用：

I am very interested in your advertisement for an Internet Engineer in China Daily March 8. I would like to apply for the position.

Your advertisement for an Internet Engineer in China Daily March 8 has caught my attention. I would like to apply for this position.

In reply to your advertisement for a Marketing Manager in Chicago Tribune January 5, I offer my service for this position.

介绍学历时，常用以下句型：

I will graduate in the summer of 2005 from the Department of Automatic Control, North China Electric and Power University.

I will graduate with a Bachelor of Engineering degree from Tsinghua University in the summer of 2005. I will earn my B. S. degree from Beijing University in the summer of 2005.

18

I hold / have a Bachelor degree in Mechanical Engineering. 在介绍自己工作经验时，常用：

I have worked part time as a computer programmer for two years with the Carpenter Company. I have had two years’ part time experience as a salesman.

I have been in the part time employment of the Import and Export company of Shanghai for two years. 介绍自己的工作能力时，常用以下句型：

I am well acquainted with office work / import and export businesses.

I have a good understanding of server hardware, remote administration, and networking hardware. I have a working knowledge of image size, file formats, and networking hardware.

I am highly competent and self motivated to work in a fast moving, ever changing and demanding environment.

介绍自己的语言能力时，常用以下句型：

I have strong written and verbal communication skills. I am fluent in both written and spoken English.

I have a good command of both written and spoken English. I am good at both written translation and oral interpretation. 求职信结尾时常用以下句型：

If any further material is still required for my application, please let me know at your earliest convenience. Should further information be required, please let me know. I hope you could favor me with a prompt reply. I am looking forward to a favorable answer.

I would be most happy if you could favor me with an interview. I would appreciate your reply at your earliest convenience. 请假条

A sick Leave

Suppose you are a student and are ill so you cannot attend the class today. Write a sick leave to your teacher. Dear Prof. Kang,

I am very sorry to tell you that I cannot attend today’s lecture held by you owing to the fact that I caught a bad cold last night. The doctor said that I should stay in bed for a couple of days. Thus I am compelled to ask for sick leave of two days. I shall make up for the missing classes by consulting my classmates and return to class as soon as I feel better.

Enclosed with this letter is the doctor’s certificate.

Yours respectfully Li Ming

19