大学英语六级模拟试卷272(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级模拟试卷272 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 6. Error Correction 8. Translation

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

1． Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a complaint letter to the customer service department of the company’s head office. You bought a laptop a few days ago from a big computer chain store, but the laptop stopped working. When you took it back to the store, they refused to deal with the problem. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 计算机出现了什么问题。 2．与店方交涉的经过。 3．你希望公司的客户服务部门能尽快帮助解决问题。

正确答案：Dear Sir or Madam, I recently bought a Sony 452 laptop computer at Henley branch. However, within a few days, I began to experience problems with it. The main problems were that a few of the programs installed on it ceased to function and that the laptop refused to read any discs, even though these discs arc accepted by both my desktop computer and my friend’s Toshiba 2000. When I returned to the shop to claim a refund under the terms of the warranty provided by your company, I was informed that I was not entitled as the warranty card was invalid. The reason why the warranty card is invalid was not explained to me. When I asked for an explanation, the staff refused to give me one. Whilst the staff were not rude as such, they were rather abrupt. As a result, I am writing to you in order to sort the situation out. I believe the warranty card to be complete and valid. I enclose a photocopy for you to check. I would like to arrange for my faulty laptop to be exchanged or for my money to be refunded. Please contact me when you have looked into the matter. Yours faithfully,Jacky Shao

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.

Economizing of the PoorComprehending Economizing of the Poor Walking down the aisles of a supermarket, low-income shoppers must consider a number of factors including quantity, price, quality and nutritional differences when selecting food products. Food-purchase decisions by the poor often entail balances among taste, preference and quality factors--either real or perceived--to meet

spending constraints. Within broad product categories such as cereal, cheese, meat and poultry, and fruits and vegetables, shoppers can choose among many substitutable products. Low-income shoppers can extend their food dollars in a number of ways. They may shop in discount food stores; they may purchase and consume less food than higher-income shoppers; they may purchase low-priced (and possibly lower quality) food products; or they may rely on some combination of all three. A better understanding of how the poor economize in food spending addresses important policy questions raised by researchers, nutrition educators, and food-assistance program managers.The Correlation between the Location and Price Whether the poor face significantly different food prices due to where they shop for food remains an unresolved empirical question. Extensive research over the years has tried to answer the question--Do the poor pay less for food? The Economic Research Service (ERS) in 1997 received the results of studies comparing price differences in grocery stores across different income levels and combined these with current census data on the distribution of low-income households by urbanization type. The ERS study concluded that, in general, the poor face higher prices due to their greater representation in urban and rural areas (as opposed to suburban areas), where food prices tend to be higher.Higher Prices but Less Spending Based on results from household surveys, ERS also found that despite facing higher prices, low-income shoppers spend less than higher-income shoppers for food purchased in food stores. Due to their level of aggregation and lack of in-store sales and promotion information, such surveys shed little light on the economizing practices of households. To learn more about how low-income shoppers spend less for food despite facing higher prices, we obtained food-store purchase data that incorporate per-capita quantity and expenditure-measure equivalents (household measures adjusted for household size) across income levels.The Main Economizing Practices The resulting comparisons describe how individuals with different levels of income vary in their food-spending patterns. By using actual transaction data, detailed information about the product purchased (for example, price, product description, package size, and brand name) as well as the condition of purchase (promotion, coupon, or sale item) was obtained. From these, the average unit cost (per ounce, per pound) for each item was calculated. Low-income shoppers may use four primary economizing practices to reduce their food spending. First, they may purchase a greater proportion of discounted products. Second, they may purchase more private-label products (generic or store brand) versus brand products than higher-income shoppers buy. Third, they may take advantage of volume discounts by purchasing larger package sizes. Fourth, they may purchase a less-expensive food product within a product class. Although quality differences such as freshness, convenience and taste often contribute to prices differences, differences in nutritional quality are also evident.More Spending on Promotional Items The use of promotions is measured by comparing the percentage of expenditures and quantities of each product purchased on promotion (manufacurers’ coupons, store coupons, store sales, and other promotions). For random-weight cheese, fruit, vegetables and meat in 1998, low-income households (less than $ 25,000 per year) spent a greater share of expenditures for products on

promotion than other households. (This is also true for quantities purchased on promotion.) For poultry, however, middle-income households spent about the same percentage on promotion as low-income households (36% versus 35%, respectively). For both groups, spending for promotion items was at least five percentage points more than spending by the high- income group. Among fixed-weight products, promotion-spending patterns differed. Low-income shoppers purchased the lowest share of total ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal on promotion. This result may beexplained by other economizing practices in this product category such as purchasing a larger percentage of private-label products, which are on promotion less often but have lower non-sale prices than the brand-name alternatives. Low-income households spent 11.5% of their RTE cereal expenditures on private-label cereals, while the higher-income households spent lower shares, with those shares decreasing with increasing income levels. A similar pattern is found for the quantities of private-label RTE cereal purchased.Choice of Package Size Choice of package size also enables those in low-income households to economize by purchasing larger packages, which often have lower per-unit prices than smaller packages. However, data on expenditure shares for RTE cereal and packaged cheese show that low-income households’ purchases of large packages of RTE cereal were less than such purchases by other households in 1998. In 1998, households earning $ 50,000 or more spent 23.1% of cereal purchases on large packages, compared with 15.8% by the low-income group. A similar pattern was found for fixed-weight cheese products. In fact, low-income households had the lowest proportion of large-package purchase of all income groups. This behavior has three possible explanations: low-income shoppers do not have access to stores that sell large packages; they cannot afford to store staple products, and they perceive that the cost of storing large packages in higher than the savings from the volume discount. A combination of these constraints likely accounts for much of the observed difference in package size quantifies purchased and expenditures on those packages by the different income groups. Low-income shoppers may also be economizing by purchasing a less costly combination of fruit and vegetable product types. On average, low-income households paid 11.5% less per pound for vegetables than high-income households, and 9.6% less per pound for fruit. This price measurement is a function of the quality and expenditures that each household type devotes to fruits and vegetables. Overall, low-income households purchased 3. 3% less fruits and vegetables (by weight) per person than high-income households, but they paid 13% less. This implies that these households are choosing less expensive fruits and vegetables, which saves a lot for them.

2． The surveys of ERS help low-income households develop economizing practices.

A．Y B．N C．NG

正确答案：B

解析：参见第3段第1、2句“．．．such surveys shed little light on．．．”这个调查结果几乎没有对家庭节约方面表现出明显的实践意义。

3． Promotions are usually used to attract low-income shoppers. A．Y B．N C．NG

正确答案：C

解析：参见“More Spending on Promotional Items”小节部分，可见文中主要强调了随意称重的商品和固定重量商品的促销手段对三个不同收入层次的消费者的影响，但并未提及商品促销通常是用来吸引哪个层次的消费者的问题。

4． Brand-name products are promoted more frequently. A．Y B．N C．NG

正确答案：A

解析：参见“More Spending on Promotional Items”小节第2段第3句：“．．．private-label products，which are on promotion less often．．．than the brand-name alternatives”。注意本题是同等意思之间的灵活转换。

5． Large-package purchase can benefit low-income households in theory, but. it seldom works in reality.

A．Y B．N C．NG

正确答案：A

解析：参见“Choice of Package Size”小节部分第1，2句：虽然大包装商品比小包装的价格便宜，理论上可以帮助那些低收入家庭节约开支，但是从实际的一些大包装商品的销售情况看却比以往少。同时，原文的however 也突出了理论和现实的差异。

6． In order to meet ______________, low-income shoppers must consider a lot of factors when selecting food products.

正确答案：spending constraints/the budgets

解析：参见文章第1段第1、2句“low-income shoppers must consider.., when selecting food products. Food-purchase decisions.., often entail balances among ... to meet spending constraints.”

7． Comparing the results of household surveys, we can conclude that people with different levels of income have different ___________.

正确答案：food-spending patterns 解析：参见“The Main Economizing Practices”小节部分第1句：“The resulting comparisons describe how individuals with different levels of income vary in their food-spending patterns.”

8． The nutritional quality of food product varies in accordance with ______.

正确答案：price differences

解析：参见“The Main Economizing Practices”小节最后一句话“Although quality differences.., often contribute to prices differences, differences in nutritional quality are also evident.”(食品营养含量的不同对价格的影响还是很明显的。)in accordance with 与……一致。

9． Higher-income households purchased less ______ RTE cereal than low-income house- holds.

正确答案：private-label

解析：参见“More Spending on Promotional Items”小节部分第2段第4句：“Low-income households spent 11.5% of their RTE cereal expenditures on private-label cereals, while the higher-income households spent lower shares...”

10． There are three possible explanations for the contradiction of the assumption of large-package purchase: transportation, ______ limitations.

正确答案：budget and storage

解析：题干提示有三点解释，因此还需要填写另外两点，要用两个名词概括原文的两句话，即倒数第2段第2句：“they cannot afford to store staple products, and they perceive that the cost of storing large packages in higher than the savings from the volume discount.”

11． Low-income shoppers may gain ______ on fruit and vegetable products.

正确答案：savings 解析：参见本文最后一句：“This implies that these house holds are choosing less expensive fruits and vegetables, which saves a lot for them.”

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be

asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.

12．

A．The woman is being interviewed by a reporter. B．The woman is asking for a promotion. C．The woman is receiving an oral test. D．The woman is applying for a job.

正确答案：D

13．

A．He was struck by a tennis ball and got hurt in the head. B．His car was hit by another car.

C．He had an accident on his way to hospital.

D．While crossing the street, he was knocked down by a speeding car.

正确答案：B

14．

A．No medicine could solve the woman’s problem. B．The woman was advised to choose the right foods.

C．The woman should cat well-balanced meals to lose weight. D．Nothing could help the woman unless she went on diet.

正确答案：B

15．

A．She wants to have the blue sweater refunded.

B．She wants to buy another sweater for her husband. C．She wants to change the sweater for a smaller one. D．She wants to have the blue sweater altered.

正确答案：C

16．

A．Women’s liberty.

B．An important election.

C．Career planning for women. D．Women’s rights in society.

正确答案：D

17．

A．To work in the flower beds. B．To clean the yard. C．To work as a gardener. D．To weed the garden.

正确答案：A

18．

A．To give each other a pleasant surprise. B．To join the crowds. C．To avoid the crowds. D．To get grocery bargains.

正确答案：C

19．

A．Classical music. B．Folk music. C．Pop music.

D．All kinds of music.

正确答案：A

20．

A．Basketball and volleyball. B．Swimming and tennis.

C．Fitting training and swimming. D．Weight-lifting and tennis.

正确答案：C

21．

A．20 dollars.

B．6 dollars and 50 cents. C．5 dollars and 25 cents. D．4 dollars and 75 cents.

正确答案：B

22．

A．Because he is allocated to his own instructor.

B．Because as a beginner he needs to be taught not to get hurt.

C．Because the fitness training is cheap and safe. D．Because the season ticket is not available now.

正确答案：B

23．

A．In a library. B．On a bus.

C．In a supermarket. D．At a newspaper shop.

正确答案：D

24．

A．Majorca. B．Palma. C．Geneva. D．Iletas.

正确答案：D

25．

A．Don’t get too familiar with the hotel staff. B．Book the hotel right away.

C．Keep a check on your spending. D．Don’t sit down at a bar.

正确答案：B

26．

A．She bumped into someone while crossing the street. B．She narrowly escaped an accident. C．She got run over. D．She lost her way.

正确答案：B

Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Are you afraid to raise your hand in class even when you know

the answer? If you are, most people would say that you are shy. You are among quite a lot who feel shy. It is estimated that nine out of ten are at least a little shy. But however shy you are, scientific evidence seems to show that it isn’t your fault. You may have been born that way. How do psychologists measure shyness? One way is by observation. They keep detailed records of people’s actions, like how often these people speak to others or how long it takes someone to say hello to a stranger. Another way to measure shyness is to ask people questions. The test only takes about 10 minutes. It asks questions like: “Do you like going out a lot?” and “Do you have many friends?” People must answer either yes or no. These questions can predict how people actually behave in social situations. Suppose the test tells you that someone is shy, chances are good that the person will act shy. When scientists measure shyness, they are really comparing degrees of shyness. In other words, when researchers say people are shy, they really mean they are more shy than others.

27．

A．Because many people don’t know how to behave in social situation. B．Because most people are shy by nature. C．Nobody will laugh at you for being shy. D．Shyness is difficult to overcome.

正确答案：B

28．

A．By predictions. B．By recording.

C．Through observation. D．Through interviewing.

正确答案：C

29．

A．To observe people’s attitude towards strangers. B．To see how people get along with their friends. C．To change people’s behavior in social life. D．To find out how shy people are.

正确答案：D

听力原文： More than 50 percent of all homes in the U.S. have one thing in common; people living in them keep one or two small animals as pets. In fact there are more pets in the U.S than children. Why? Researchers have been attempting to find the scientific answer to this question. Much has been written about how animals, violent crimes, and about how they help children deal with emotional problems. Last year researchers met at the America’s National Institute of Health. They found there is a lot of evidence that animals may be helpful to human health.

But they agreed more work is needed to show and measure these facts in a scientific way. Recent studies have confirmed an animal coming effect. For example, a research at a government laboratory near Washington examined how animals influence blood pressure and heart rote. The study involves 92 students. All were in good health. Each one met with a dog whom they did not know but who was friendly. The students were permitted to touch or hold the dog. The researchers measured the students’ blood pressure and heart ram before and during the meeting. The results showed an overall drop in blood pressure and heart rate after the students talked to the dog. The researcher said the same effect often takes place in the animal itself.. Other students have shown that different people react differently to animals. The good effects of pets on physical and mental health may be linked to a person’s position within a social; or economic group. Researchers say they still do not fully understand the physical changes that take place when humans and animals are together, but they say it is clear that animals fill a human need. Animal pets don’t reject people because they are sick or disabled. As a result, they may provide the sick or the disabled with a better sense of security.

30．

A．That more work is necessary for those facts. B．That animals are helpless to healthy people.

C．That animals can also become friends of humans. D．That they had a very successful discovery.

正确答案：A

31．

A．An overall rise in blood pressure and heart rote. B．There is no change in blood pressure and heart rate. C．A drop in blood pressure but a rise in heart rote. D．An overall drop m blood pressure and heart rote.

正确答案：D

32．

A．The sense of worrying. B．The sense of confidence. C．The sense of security. D．The sense of happiness.

正确答案：C

听力原文： At the theater, she disrupts the first act as she climbs over your knees toward her seat. When your doorbell rings on a Saturday night, long after your other guests have begun eating, you know he has arrived for dinner. At work, you

don’t expect her at your 9:00 a.m. meeting. They are the latecomers and it doesn’t matter if they wear a watch or use an alarm dock. Lateness is their way of life. Chronic lateness has spoiled friendships, and a habit that has caused people to lose their job. Why, then, are so many people late? “Not arriving on time can be a form of avoidance,” says Dr. Richard Kravitz, a psychiatrist at Yale New Haven Medical Center in Connecticut. “You are late for a party, or coming home from work, because you don’t want to be where you’re supposed to be.” Other reasons for chronic lateness are more complex. Dr. Kravitz suggests that some latecomers know that their lateness will cause anger, and this serves their deep need to be punished. Alternatively, some latecomers have a tendency to force someone to wait, which is a way of expressing anger or resentment. As for those of us who wait, if we can set limits as to how long we will stay before leaving when appropriate, we can make our anger known. And though it is true that being prompt can be as compulsive as being late, Shakespeare advised this: “Better three hours too soon than a minute too late.”

33．

A．It indicates that latecomers don’t care about others’ time.

B．It indicates that latecomers always ignore other people’s feeling. C．It indicates that latecomers enjoy being looked at by others. D．It indicates that lateness is their way of life.

正确答案：D

34． A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5

正确答案：B

35．

A．It has spoiled friendship and caused the latecomer to lose his or her job. B．It has caused the latecomer to lose his or her reputation. C．It has aroused other people’s resentment. D．It has helped the latecomer to be distinctive.

正确答案：A

36．

A．To be patient B．To be punctual. C．Te be tolerant

D．To get to an appointment earlier.

正确答案：D

Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the

Everywhere, water use is increasing. Humans already use fifty-four percent of all the fresh water in rivers, lakes and underground. There are some 【B1】______ that this rate will reach seventy percent by 2025. Fresh water is necessary for life on Earth. People need water for everyday activities and to【B2】______ food. Water also is important for energy production and the health of Earth’s【B3】______ systems. The United Nations is organizing a 【B4】______ of events to increase concern about water issues. UN officials have declared 2003 the International Year of Fresh Water. A goal of the【B5】______ is to build support for policies to use water more wisely. Another goal is to get more people to use water in ways that will not【B6】______ the environment. The world population is more than six thousand million people. More than one thousand million lack safe drinking water. More than two thousand million suffer from 【B7】______ linked to dirty water. And, more than two thousand million live without waste-treatment【B8】______ . Water was one of the issues discussed at the LIN Millennium Summit two years ago.【B9】______ .Officials renewed that goal last year at the Summit on Sustainable Development, in Johannesburg, South Africa.【B10】______ Nitin Desai directs the LIN Office for Economic and Social Affairs. He says success in these goals will require major changes in the ways people use water. He says【B11】______ .

37． 【B1】

正确答案：estimates

38． 【B2】

正确答案：produce

39． 【B3】

正确答案：environmental

40． 【B4】

正确答案：series

41． 【B5】

正确答案：campaign

42． 【B6】

正确答案：hurt

43． 【B7】

正确答案：diseases

44． 【B8】

正确答案：systems

45． 【B9】

正确答案：Leaders said they would work to cut the number of people without safe drinking water in half by 2015

46． 【B10】

正确答案：They also promised to cut in half the number of people without safe systems to treat waste by 2015

47． 【B11】

正确答案：water reforms have to be linked to changes in policies for land use human settlement, agriculture, industry and energy

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Did you know that all human beings have a “comfort zone” regulating the distances they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures. Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches.

Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect’. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe. This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes! Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone” for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands not only with gesture but also with touch. They pat a sympathetic hand on a person’s shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy, they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story; they pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a childhood in affection; they readily take someone’s arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people--especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries--such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently (无心地) done with the left hand. (The left hand carries no special significance in the U.S. Many Americans are simply left handed and use that hand more. )

48． In terms of bodily distance, North Americans feel ill at ease when ______.

正确答案：staying too close

解析：参见本文第2段：北美人认为南美人说话时与对方挨得很近，很令人尴尬。他们经常要退后几步说话。因此站得太近时令美国人感到不安(feel ill at ease)。

49． For Asians, the comfortable zone would do something to show ______.

正确答案：dignity and respect/esteem 解析：参见文中第2段倒数第2句：亚洲人谈话之间较大的间距微妙地造成一种高贵、尊敬的氛围。因此对亚洲人而言，令人感觉舒服的间距对表示尊敬起了一定的作用。

50． It can be inferred from the passage that in a crowded elevator, a Frenchman could make no particular effort to _____.

正确答案：distance himself/keep his bodies apart

解析：参见文中第3段末句：甚至在一个拥挤的电梯里，美国人也设法使他们的身体之间保持一定的距离。而在巴黎，当发生这种事情时，他们顺其自然 (随它去：they take it as it comes)。因此，不必刻意保持一定的距离。

51． When Americans tell a joke, they often ______.

正确答案：dig people in the ribs/nudge people in the ribs

解析：参见本文最后一段，作者分别告诉我们美国人表示同情、热情和使人放心的手势。讲笑话时的手势是用肘碰别人的肋骨。

52． To be specific, what does the passage mainly discuss about?

正确答案：Distance and bodily contact 解析：全文是围绕具有不同文化背景的人谈话之间的距离展开论述的。讲美国人的手势和接触时，是从身体接触的角度谈的。所以全文的主题是“距离和身体接触”。

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate crimes and street crimes to terrorism. But despite the popularity of the explanation, not much evidence backs it up. In a recent issue of Psychological Review, three researchers examine this literature at length and conclude that a much stronger link connects high self-esteem to violence. “It is difficult to maintain belief in the low self-esteem view after seeing that the more violent groups are generally the ones with higher self-esteem.” write Roy Baumeister of Case Western Reserve University and Laura Smart and Joseph Boden of the University of Virginia. The conventional view is that people without self-esteem try to gain it by hurting others. The researchers find that violence is much more often the work of people with unrealistically high self-esteem attacking others who challenge their self-image: Under this umbrella come bullies, rapists, racists, psychopaths and members of street gangs and organized crime. The study concludes: certain forms of high self-esteem seem to increase one’s proneness to violence. An uncritical endorsement of the cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be counterproductive and even dangerous. The societal pursuit of high self-esteem for everyone may literally end. up doing considerable harm. “As for prison programs intended to make violent convicts feel better about themselves, “perhaps it would be better to try instilling modesty and humility.” the researchers wrote. In an interview with the Boston Globe, Baumeister said he believes the “self-promoting establishment” is starting to crumble. “What would work better for the country is to forget about self-esteem and concentrate on self-control.” he said. In the schools, this would mean turning away from psychic boosterism and emphasizing self-esteem as a by-product of real achievement, not as an end in itself. The self-esteem movement, still entrenched in schools of education, is deeply implicated in the dumbing down of our schools, and in the disguised equality behind the idea that it is a terrible psychic blow if one student does any better or any worse than another. Let’s hope it is indeed crumbling.

53． The researchers find that there are stronger connections between ______. A．low self-esteem and violence B．low self-control and violence C．high self-image and violence D．high self-control and violence

正确答案：C

解析：细节性归纳题。本文第1段详细阐述了与暴力有关的因素。过去许多人认为暴力与缺乏自尊有关，但最近三位学者提出了相反的结论——暴力与过分自尊有着密切的联系。第2段第2句中，作者又进一步引述相关的研究结果，指出暴力经常与那些具有不切实际的过分自尊的人有关，他们会因别人质疑他们的自我形象而去攻击他们。故选C。

54． Traditionally, it is believed that people without self-esteem ______. A．are usually the targets of organized crime

B．are less violent than those with unrealistically high self-esteem C．are more likely to hurt others to gain self-esteem

D．always resort to violence when their self image is challenged

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据第2段第1句可知，C项正确(传统观念认为，缺乏自尊的人会通过伤害别人的方式来获取自尊)。

55． The conclusions from the study indicate that ______. A．the pursuit of high self-esteem is a trend of modern living

B．what is beneficial for the country is self-control rather than self-esteem C．it is productive to promote the traditional culture value of self-esteem

D．modesty and humility should be emphasized to avoid harmful effect of high self-esteem

正确答案：B

解析：主旨归纳题。本题问及最新研究的结果和启示。作者在第3、第4段中详细阐述了这些方面，并在第4段第2句中引述Baumeister的话指出自控比自尊对国家更有利。故选B。

56． Nowadays in the schools ______.

A．self-esteem is emphasized as the ultimate goal of one’s pursuit B．the self-esteem movement has lost its momentum C．the idea of self-esteem boosts real achievement

D．emphasis in self-esteem helps to promote the idea of equality

正确答案：A

解析：细节性推断题。本题问及目前学校教育中自尊心教育对学生的影响。

文章最后一段明确指出，目前学校教育应将自尊心的培养作为终极目标(as an end in itself)，而非随成功而至的“副产品”。教育者竭力培养学生自尊心的传统至今仍然根深蒂固，由此可排除B、C项。作者认为学校的这种做法只不过制造出一种虚假的平等(the disguised equality)，由此可排除D。故选A。

57． The researchers would most probably agree with the following EXCEPT ______.

A．prisons should change their present practice

B．school should change their concepts of self-esteem C．the tradition view is beginning to lose ground D．self-esteem should be promoted and encouraged

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。本题要求考生在理解全文的基础上，准确地概括出作者的观点。与A项相关的陈述可在第3段段末找到；B项的内容可在最后一段中找到；与C项相关的信息可在第4段中找到。文中未涉及D项的相关内容。故选D。

By 2030,people over 65 in Germany, the world’s third-largest economy, will account for almost half the adult population, compared with one-fifth now. And unless the country’s birth rate recovers from its present low of 1.3 per woman, over the same period its population of under 35 will shrink about twice as fast as the older population will grow. The net result will be that the total population, now 82m, will decline to 70m-73m. The number of people of working age will fall by a full quarter, from 40m today to 30m. The German demographics (人口统计) are far from exceptional. In Japan, the world’s second-largest economy, the population will peak in 2005, at around 125m. By 2050, according to the more pessimistic government forecasts, the population will have shrunk to around 95m. Long before that, around 2030, the share of the over-65’s in the adult population will have grown to about half. And the birth rate in Japan, as in Germany, is down to 1.3 per woman. The figures are pretty much the same for most other developed countries, and for a good many emerging ones, especially China. Life expectancy-and with it the number of older people--has been going up steadily for 300 years. But the decline in the number of young people is something new. The only developed country that has so far avoided this fate is America. But even there the birth rate is well below replacement level, and the proportion of older people in the adult population will rise steeply in the next 30 years. All this means that winning the support of older people will become a political imperative (需要)in every developed country. Pensions have already become a regular election issue. There is also a growing debate about the desirability of immigration to maintain the population and workforce. Together these two issues are transforming the political landscape in every developed country. By 2030 at the latest, the age at which full retirement benefits start will have risen to the mid-70’s in all developed countries, and benefits for healthy pensioners will be substantially lower than they are today. Indeed, fixed retirement ages for people in reasonable physical and mental condition may have been abolished to prevent the pensions burden on the

working population from becoming unbearable. Already young and middle-aged people at work suspect that there will not be enough pension money to go round when they themselves reach traditional retirement age. But politicians everywhere continue to pretend that they can save the current pensions system.

58． In Germany, ______.

A．birth rate has gone up to 1.3 per woman

B．people over 65 now constitutes about half the adult population C．its population of under-35s is twice as large as that of over-65s D．by 2030 its working force may have shrunk by 25%

正确答案：D

解析：细节性归纳题。文章第l段介绍了德国的人口老龄化问题。根据最后一句可知，到 2030年德国的劳动人口将减少四分之一(a full quarter)，即25%。所以正确答案为D。而该段第一句指出：与现在年龄超过65岁的人口占老年人口的1/5相比，到2030年，在世界上第三大经济体的德国，年龄超过65岁的人口将占老年人口的一半。因此可知B项错误。

59． The problem that the population becomes aging ______. A．is exceptional to Germany B．has become universal

C．can be relieved in Japan with the shrinkage of its population to around 95m D．makes the economic outlook in the developed countries even more gloomy

正确答案：B

解析：段落归纳题。文章第2段第1句话提出，德国的人口统计(即老龄化问题)绝非特例情况，言外之意即目前人口老龄化问题已经成为世界性问题，后文的实例也证明了这一点。故选B。

60． A new tendency is demographic change is that ______. A．life expectancy has been going up steadily B．there is a decline of the young population

C．in America the birth rate has gone above replacement level D．the old population has risen sharply in USA

正确答案：B 解析：细节题。文章第3段谈到世界人口变化的新趋势：青年人数的减少(But the decline in the number of young people is something new)。故选B。

61． What is the political implication of the demographic change in the developed countries?

A．Winning the support of older people will become crucial in politics. B．Pension policy will become a key issue in elections.

C．Immigration should be banned to maintain the workforce.

D．The demographic change will change the political landscape greatly.

正确答案：A

解析：细节性归纳题。本题问及人口构成模式的变化的政治意义，这正是文章第4段讨论的内容。作者认为，在发达国家，能否赢得老年选民的支持对于各派政党将是至关重要的问题。故选A。同时最后一句指出，这两个问题使每个发达国家的政坛局势都发生了巨大变化。

62． By 2030 the governments in developed countries may put an end to fixed retirement ages ______.

A．to save the current pension system

B．to ensure the benefits for healthy pensioners C．to realize full retirement benefits substantially

D．to relieve the pensions burden on the working population

正确答案：D

解析：细节性归纳题。文章最后一段谈及有关退休年龄的各种问题。作者预测，到2030年发达国家或许已经取消了对退休年龄的规定，甚至将退休年龄推迟到75岁左右，以便减轻工薪族必须缴付的津贴负担。故选D。

Part V Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If y

Earthquakes are probably one of the most frightening anddestructive happenings of nature that man experiences. Theyhave caused the death of many human beings, much sufferingand greatly damage to property. Today, the study of earthquake 【S1】________.has grown greatly with scientists all over the world【S2】________.investigating the causes of earthquakes. Scientists hope that theirstudies will improve ways of predicting earthquakes and alsodevelop ways to reduce its destructive effects. 【S3】________. The scientific study of earthquakes is fairly new. Until the18th century many factual descriptions of earthquakes were 【S4】________.recorded. In general, people did not understand the cause ofearthquakes. Many believe they were a punishment from God 【S5】________.and a warning for them to repent (忏悔). One early theory wasthat earthquakes were caused by air rushed out caves deep in the 【S6】________.interior of the earth. On Nov. 1, 1755, a serious earthquake occurred

near Lisbon,Portugal. Shocks from the quake had felt in many parts of the world. 【S7】________.After the quake, Portuguese priests were asked to observe and tomake written records. These records were the first system attempt 【S8】

________.to document the effects of an earthquake. Since that time, detailedrecords have been kept to almost every major earthquakes. 【S9】________. Currently, scientists are making studies to enable them topredict earthquakes. But at the present time, the ability to predict thetime, place, and size of earthquakes are very limited. 【S10】________.

63． 【S1】

正确答案：greatly→great 解析：caused．．great damage to property造成巨大的财产损失。形容词与副词混淆。

． 【S2】

正确答案：with→as

解析：连词as引导状语从句。

65． 【S3】

正确答案：its→their

解析：their指代复数名词earthquakes。指代错误。

66． 【S4】

正确答案：many→few

解析：上文提到“地震学是一门比较新兴的科学研究”，因为“直到18世纪有关地震的真实描述几乎还没有什么(few)记载”。逻辑语义相悖错误。

67． 【S5】

正确答案：believe→believed

解析：当时人们相信……，根据上下文应用一般过去时。时态错误。

68． 【S6】

正确答案：rushed→rushing

解析：caused by air rushing out the caves…由冲出地球内部深处的空气引起，动名词rushing作介词by的宾语。非谓语动词错误。

69． 【S7】

正确答案：had→were 解析：…were felt in many parts of the world(震动)在世界许多地方都被感觉到

了。根据上下文，应用被动态。语态错误。

70． 【S8】

正确答案：system→systematic 解析：．．．the first systematic attempt to document the effects of an earthquake记录地震影响的首次系统尝试。词性错误。

71． 【S9】

正确答案：to→of

解析：keep a record of．．．(做记录)为固定搭配。

72． 【S10】

正确答案：are→is 解析：the ability to．．．is very limited……的能力十分有限。土谓语单复数不一致。

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences in the blanks by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

73． Children are very eager___________________________ in the film.(成为像电影中英雄那样强壮勇敢的人)

正确答案：to become as strong and brave as heroes 解析：本题考查的是学生对于比较结构的掌握。在英语中，“as+adj./adv．+as”表示“和……一样”。考试在准备六级考试时，特别注意表示比较的结构和词组的复习，比如“是……的几倍(一半)”，“compared with”，等。

74． The essence of the scientific attitude is ______________________________. (人类一定能将宇宙探究清楚)

正确答案：that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe

解析：本题考查两个知识点，一个是表语从句，由that 引导；另外“探究清楚”如何表述，“探究”就是了解的意思，“清楚”即是顺利、成功地了解宇宙。

75． It is _____________________________ that keeps freedom alive.(是冲突而不是绝对的一致)

正确答案：not unquestioning agreement but conflict 解析：这句考查的是强调结构““it is... that...”以及“not...but...”结构。其次，汉语的句序与英语句序有较大差别，在填入答案时要注意句子意思的完整以及和所给出部分的衔接。

76． With full determination, we are ___________________________________.(有能力最终解决这个棘手的问题)

正确答案：capable of finding a final solution to this thorny matter

解析：原来汉语的句子中“有决心和有能力”处于并列地位，但是所给出的句子部分把“有决心”作为状语置于从属修饰的地位，所以翻译时应注意这一点。由于主句中已经给出“are”，所以“有能力”泽成“be capable of doing...”，“棘手”在英语中的对应词为“thorny”，当然也有其他词，如“difficult”，“tough”等。

77． There was something _______________________________ about the plan that pleased all of them.(富于创造性，独出心裁，很有气势)

正确答案：original，independent，and heroic 解析：汉语是一个因果关系的从句，而所给出的英语是含有一个定语从句的主从复合句。这儿要求考生填入的是修饰“something”的一系列形容词“富于创造性，独出心裁，很有气势”，考查了学生对于大纲要求的词汇的灵活应用。