专题讲解宾语从句

1. 概念：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或者一个短语。

比如：I like my teacher. （名词作宾语）

I enjoy playing basketball. (动名词作宾语) I know him. (代词作宾语)

The shop sells different kinds of goods. (短语作宾语) I know Mr. Li teaches English. (句子作宾语) I can see the boys playing football. (句子作宾语) 下面哪些是宾语从句： 1. I will buy a bike. 2. He likes bike. 3. She can speak English and French. 4. Mr. Smith knew his son made some mistakes. 5. I think Mr. Zhang is a very good teacher.

6. We have planted hundreds of trees in the school. 2. 宾语从句的三要素：连接词，语序，时态。 ① 连接词：

1）that 引导。由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。That在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分。在口语中往往被省。 I hear (that) he will be back in one hour. He said (that) he missed us very much.

The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.

当从句是客观真理时，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。 2) if/whether 引导。由从属连词if/whether 引导的宾语从句。 if/whether “是否”，说明对陈述事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me等后。

I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us. Ask him if (whether) he can come.

I wonder whether it is going to rain or not.

Could you tell me whether (if) Miss Li lives here? 注意：只能用whether不能用if 的情况： A． 在介词后面：

I am thinking of whether we should go shopping. We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow. B. 在动词不定式前：

They asked me whether to go skating.

C. 当与or not 连用，或提出两种选择的时候： I don’t know whether he’s free or not. My mother asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room. D. 宾语从句提前：

Whether this is true or not, I can’t tell you. 3) 由连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what 和连词副词where，how，why，when 引导的宾语从句。代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。

He asked who could answer the question. Do you know whom they are waiting for? He asked whose bike was the best in the class. Do you know when we will have a meeting? Please tell me where she is. Can you tell me how I can work out the problem. Could you tell me why the bus is late? He wants to know what she thinks of the transportation. ②语序：陈述句语序。即主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）

Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？ The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？

The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money? 你能告诉我如何处理这笔钱吗？

He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 ③ 时态（时态一致性）

1）主句用现在时态，从句可用任何时态。

I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。 I know he is a teacher.

2）主句用过去时态，从句可用相应的过去时态。

The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。

He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。 I knew he had been a teacher for 3 years.

3) 观事实，自然现象，名言时，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。

My mother told me that the earth moves around the earth.

一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。 1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.

He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.

3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.

Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days. 4．Can they speak French? I want to know.

I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French. 5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.

Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.

6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang. Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet. 7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?

Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture? 8．Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?

9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about. 10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know. I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know. I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street. 12. What's his name? I asked him.

I asked him what _____ _____ _____.

13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.

Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________. 14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken. 15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.

I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai. 二、选择填空。

( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________. A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it

C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring ( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.

A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry ( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.

A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car ( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.

A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions

C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris ( )5. Could you tell me ___________?

A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in

( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left ( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen ( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.

A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got ( )9. The manager came up to see __________. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. what's the matter ( )10. He asked his father _______.

A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen ( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it

( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.

A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking ( )13.They don't know _______their parents are. A that B what C why D which

( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set? ─ Sorry, I've no idea.

A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought

( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.

A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another ( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone ( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.

─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains

( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive

C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives

( )19.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what ( )20. He asked me _______.

A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting held

C. when China became a member of the WTO D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held

( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.

A. that B. how C. what D. if ( )22. You must remember _______.

A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said ( )23. I don”t know ______ .

A. which room I can live B. which room can I live C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in ( )24.－－Do you know when he ______ back ?

－－Sorry , I don”t . When he _______back , I”ll tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come

( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( )26 Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been

( )27 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are

( )28. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that

( )29.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where

( )30. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how 三、用合适的连接词填空。

1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why） 2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom） 3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）

4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）

5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon） 6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)

7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)

9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why) 10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what) 四、句型转换。

1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→ Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it. 2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） → I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.

3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） →

Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy. 4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） → I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.

5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句) 五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.

2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon? 3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?

4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer. 5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday. 6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work). 7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.

8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain. 9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him. 10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.