一. 1980 考研英语翻译真题及答案
Section VI Chinese-English Translation 将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共
20 分，第 1 题 2 分，其余各题均 3 分）
Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points) 1. 水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils. 2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980 ’s.
3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made). 4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected. 5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).
6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology. 7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。
7. It is impossible to accomplish (carry out, fulfill, materialize) the socialist modernization of our
country (our socialist modernization) without the leadership of the Party.
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Section VII English-Chinese Translation 将下列短文译成汉语：（本大题 业译第 1 段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第
2 段）
30 分）（文科各类专
Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (30 points) (1)
The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways for both natural and political scientists. 阿伯特· 爱因斯坦的一生在许多方面， 例。
First of all, he always employed the scientific method of seeking truth from facts. He firmly believed
as he put it, that through painstaking
n“oththinegreinicsomprehensible about the universe,
”and
” in
无论是对自然科学家， 还是政治科学家， 都是一个范
work, explained many of the phenomena thought to be
his day. Einstei
“incomprehensible
was also never afraid to admit mistakes when facts proved his theories wrong. 首先， 他总是运用从事实中寻求真理的地。
正如他所说的， 他坚信“关于宇宙没有东西是不
而且，
可知的，”并经过艰苦的劳动， 了许多在他那个时代被认为是“不可知”的种种现象。 当事实证明他的理论是错误的时候，爱因斯坦也从不害怕承认错误。 Second, Einstein
’s contributions showed the great importance of theoretical work to scientific
effort. Although he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led to many of the scientific advances which have shaped modern technology. 其次，爱因斯坦的贡献说明理论工作对科学成就的巨大的重要性。
虽然他自己很少在实验室
工作，他所发展的各种概念使科学取得了许多进展，从而形成了现代技术。
Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must have a moral and social consciousness. In this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the Communist movement.
第三，爱因斯坦深信科学家必须具有道德和社会意识。这样，他鼓舞了整个一代的科学家， 使他们积极参加主义运动。
Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a th
eories a“r e gseonci uosm p”licawtheodse
that no one but a few best scientists can understand them. But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner and often
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stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived.
爱因斯坦在资产阶级的笔下被描绘为一个“天才”，
他的理论是如此地难于理解， 以致只有
少数最杰出的科学家才能懂得。但是，他本人不同意别人把他高置于他人之上的那些做法。 他的谦逊态度是众所周知的， 他常常对来访者强调说， 如果没有他的话， 别人也肯定能够取 得他那样的成就。 Actually, Einstein understand
’s theory of relativistyoathnedrhsicientific works are not that hard to
’s theories, his overall
with a little study. But beyond learning Einstein attitude towards science as
tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn. 事实上， 爱因斯坦的相对论以及他的其他科学论著稍加研究是不难懂得的。
但是除了学习爱
因斯坦的理论外， 他对于利用科学作为一种工具来人类的总的态度是每个人能够学习的， 而且也是应该学习的。 (2)
Between now and the end of the century, there will be many exciting developments and also many difficult problems to deal with. Perhaps the most urgent problem is to provide enough food. The world ’s population is expected to reach 7,000 million by the year 2000, but already scientists have
produced new and better varieties of wheat and rice and animal. They have also been experimenting with techniques of cultivating plants by using mixtures of chemical compounds and water only, and
then there will be no need for ordinary soil. Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of
refuse (废料). One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators (焚化炉 ). A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power. In fact, any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum. To solve the energy problem, scientists will probably also try to make more use of solar energy.
从现在到本世纪末，将有许多令人兴奋的发展，同样也有许多困难的问题，需要加以处理。 也许最为迫切的问题是提供足够的粮食。
到 2000 年世界人口预期将达到 70 亿，但是科学家
们已经培育出各种小麦、 稻谷和牲畜的优良品种。 他们还在实验只用化合物和水的混合剂来 培植作物的技术， 到那里就可不需一般的土壤了。 一个解决办法就是在焚化炉中用高温的废物烧掉。
世界将面对着的另一问题是处理废物。
有
这种方法的一个新发展， 可能在将来证明
极为有用，即是以这些焚火炉来产生蒸汽动力。 事实是，任何新的能源都将是非常受欢迎的， 因为石油已感不足。要解决能源问题，科学家们也许会高潮更多地利用太阳能。
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The possible effects of some scientific fields, such as lasers and cryogenics低(温学 ), are difficult to
imagine and both already have a number of uses. The supercooling effects of the cryogenics which convert liquid helium (液态氦 ) and other gases into “superconductors
“superfluids
” and metals into
”, making them-rensoisntant to electricity, could change the world in a number
of ways. The laser, with its beam of strong light, can drill a hole in a diamond, and yet can be so well
controlled that it can be used in delicate eye operations. The question is whether it will be most used
for peaceful purposes or as a deadly weapon.
诸如激光学和低温学，某些科学领域的可能作用是难以想象的，它们两者已经有若干用途。 低温学的过冷作用将液态氦及某些气体变成“超流体”， 们没有电阻，从而可以在好些方面改变世界面貌。
将某些金属变成“超导体”， 使它
激光， 以它强烈的光束， 可在金刚石上钻
孔，也可以很好地加以控制来进行难做的眼科手术。问题是它将被大量用于和平的目的呢， 还是用途致使的武器。
But perhaps the most remarkable developments will occur in space flight. One of the difficulties in the past has been the high cost, but now the space shuttle is being developed, and can be used a
large
number of times instead of only once. Already man has been to the moon. Perhaps by the end of the century he will have had a close-up view of Venus (金星) or Mars (火星). 但最惊人的发展也许将出现在宇宙飞行方面。
过去的困难之一在于代价太高。 但现在航天飞
人类已经到过月球。 也许到
机正在发展， 这种航天飞机可以使用多次而不是仅仅一次而已。 本世纪末人类对金星或火星等将有一个精细的观察。
二.1981考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (10 points)
1. 这门课我们越学越喜欢。 1. The more I study the subject, the more I like it. 2. 这家工厂只能供应我们所需要的百分之三十。
2. The factory can only supply thirty percent of what we need.
3. 他们一直谈到入睡。 3. They did not stop talking until they fell asleep.
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4. 许多人以为电是燃料，但事实上并非如此。
4. Many people think that electricity is a fuel; but, as a matter of fact, it is not. 5. 我国的社会主义现代化是一项我们必须努力完成的任务。
5. The socialist modernization of our country is an important task that we must strive to fulfill.
Section VII English-Chinese Translation
Choose one of the following three passages and translate it into Chinese. (40 points) (1)
The United Kingdom is a monarchical ( 君主政体的 ) State. It is one of the independent members of the Commonwealth (the Queen is recognized as head of the Commonwealth), and a member of the European Community.
联合王国是一个君主政体的国家。它是英联邦内的国家之一 脑)，也是欧洲共同体的成员国。
The origins and traditions of the United Kingdom are to be found in each of the four parts that make up the country: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England was united as a kingdom a thousand years ago, and Wales became part of the kingdom during the middle ages. The thrones王( 位) of England and Scotland were united in 1603, and in 1707 legislation passed in the two countries provided for the establishment of a single Parliament of Great Britain with supreme authority both in
England and Wales and in Scotland. Ireland had had links with the kingdom of England since the thirteenth century, and in 1800 the creation of the United Kingdom was completed by a union joining the Irish Parliament to that of Great Britain. In 1922 Southern Ireland (now the Irish Republic) became a self-governing country. The six counties of Northern Ireland had in 1920 been given their own subordinate Parliament, and voted to remain within the United Kingdom. 联合王国的起源和传统可从组成它的四个部分——英格兰、 的各个部分找到。 英格兰在一千年前统一为一个王国，
威尔士、 苏格兰和北爱尔兰——
(女王被承认是英联邦的首
威尔士则于中世纪时成为这王国的一
;一七〇七年两国通过立法，规
爱尔
个组成部分。一六〇三年，英格兰与苏格兰的王位合而为一
定设立一个单一的、 在英格兰和威尔士以及在苏格兰均享有最高权力的大不列颠国会。 兰与英格兰王国自十三世纪起已有联系
;一八〇〇年由于爱尔兰国会并入大不列颠国会，联
合王国的创建便告完成。 一九二二年， 南爱尔兰 (现在的爱尔兰共和国 )成为一个自主的国家。
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北爱尔兰的六个郡已于一九二〇年被授权成立自己的、 表决留在联合王国内。
在联合王国国会之下的议会， 并投票
The United Kingdom Parliament at Westminster in London —with an elected chamber comprising members from English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland constituencies (选举区 ) —therefore represents people sharing very varied backgrounds and traditions. It has ultimate authority for government and law-making, but administrative arrangements have developed in such a way as to take account of the particular needs of different areas. 在伦敦威斯敏斯特的联合王国国会——它有一个选举出来的、
由英格兰、 苏格兰、 威尔士和
北爱尔兰各地选区所产生的议员组成的议院——因此代表具有十分不同的背景和传统的人 民。它具有最高的权力和立法权， 殊需要。
England and Wales on the one hand and Scotland on the other have different systems of law,
different court systems, different education systems, different systems of local government and, for most domestic matters, different government departments.
英格兰和威尔士以及苏格兰两者各有不同的法律制度，不同的系统，不同的教育制度， 不同的地方制度，并且设有不同的部门来处理大部分的内部事务。 (2)
As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their
leisure, and even their working hours, become spoilt by a by-product of their machines—namely, noise. Noise is nowadays in the news; it has acquired political status, and public opinion is demanding,
more and more insistently, that something must be done about it. 随着更多的人住得更近， 随着他们使用各种机器而获得闲暇，
他们发现他们的空暇， 甚至他
现在新闻报导中经
但在行政管理方面已作出了安排以照顾不同地区的特
们的工作时间都受到他们机器的一个副产品——即噪音——的严重影响。
常谈论噪音 ;它已取得了政治地位，公众也越来越坚持要求采取一定措施来对付噪音。
To control noise is to demand much self-discipline (annoyance arises often from lack of common courtesy), a sense of proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the
expenditure of money (and it is far more economical to do this early rather that late), and finally, technical knowledge.
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要控制噪音就得要求很大程度的自我约束 (使人烦恼的事常常是由于缺乏普通的礼貌引起
的)，一种均衡感 (如果要制止噪音， 通常会引起利害冲突 )，化钱(早化钱比晚化钱经济得多 )， 最后还有技术知识。
Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define
the excessive speed of a motor-car in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer. But can you define
excessive noise in the same way? You find that with any existing simple “noise
-meter ”, vehicles
which are judged to be equally noisy may show considerable difference on the meter. 技术往往是由于问题的主客观性质引起的。
你可以根据速度计上指针所指的读数来确定一辆
?你会发现，被认为噪音相同的
汽车的超速。可是，你能用同样的方法来确定超量的噪音吗
车辆，在任何现有的简单“噪音计”上显示的读数可能大不相同。
Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible. The
next remedy is to absorb it on its way to the ear.
虽然消除噪音的最理想方法是产生的根源处消灭它，但在很多情况下，这也许是不可能的。 其次的补救办法是将混音在它到达耳朵的过程中吸收掉。
Domestic noises may perhaps be controlled by forethought and courtesy, and industrial noises by good planning and technical improvement. But if we are going to allow fast motor-cycles and heavy diesel lorries to pass continuously trough residential and business districts, the community must decide on the control it needs to exercise, for in the long run it has got to pay for it. And if a nation is
to take part in modern air transport, it must enter into international agreements on the noise control
measures it will impose at its airports— and here the cost of any real control is to be measured in millions of dollars.
家里的噪音或许可能通过事先的考虑与谦让加以控制，
工业噪音则可能通过良好的规划与技
术的改进加以控制。 但是， 如果我们允许高速摩托车与重型内燃机卡车经常不断地通过住宅 区与商业区， 那么这些地区的全体居民就必须决定他们需要实行的控制措施， 观点来看， 他们必须为些付出代价。 如果一个国家要有现代化的空中运输，
因为从长远的 它必须参加国际
任何真正
噪音控制措施协定， 这些措施它必须责成它的机场予以执行——而在这个问题上， 控制措施的费用要以百万美元来计算。 (3)
About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and looked through it at the sun. What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed. He hesitated to make his
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discovery known. Meanwhile other scientists noticed the same lack of solar perfection and proclaimed (宣布) the fact.
大约在三百五十年前， 伽利略制造了台望远镜， 并用它来观察太阳。 他所看到的景象使他感 到既吃惊又害怕， 因为他看到太阳上有一些黑点， 这使他立刻联想到上帝创造的世界并不象 他以前所相信的那么完美。他犹豫不决，
不敢把他的发现公布于世。与此同时，其他的科学
家也注意到太阳的这个缺陷，并宣布了这个事实。
But Galileo continued his observations and was soon rewarded with another discovery. Fixing his attention on a single sunspot (太阳黑子 ) group, he noticed that in a few days it had moved in position, just as if the sun itself were turning. Afterwards he found a sunspot group which lived long
enough to disappear from view on the western limb (边缘) of the sun, to re-appear on its eastern limb, and finally to regain its old position. This led him to conclude that the sun itself was rotating
and that the time it took to make one complete turn was about twenty-five to twenty-seven days. Actually we know from the drawings which Galileo made of sunspots that there must have been quite a lot of them at the time of his observations in the years 1611 and 1612. If he had gone on making his
drawings in the years that immediately followed, we know that he would almost certainly have noticed that sunspots were becoming fewer and smaller. But he became interested in other things and so he failed to recognize that there is a kind of long-term cycle in sunspot activity, the sunspots increasing
and decreasing as the years go on. Later this discovery of the sunspot activity was made by one of the
most patient observers in the history of science, a German chemist, Charles Schwabe. 但是， 伽利略继续进行观测，不久， 他的努力获得了另一发现。他把注意力集中在一群太阳 黑子上，他发现，在几天内，这群黑子的位置起了变化，宛如太阳本身在转动。后来，他发 现有一群黑子在太阳西部的边缘上停留了一段时间才消失， 复原位。 此种现象导致他得出这样的结论：
然后在太阳的东部边缘上最后回
太阳本身在旋转， 旋转一周约需二十五到二十七
在一六一一和一六一二年他观察太阳期间，
我
天。直，我们从伽利略所画的太阳黑子图中知道， 一定曾出现过大量的太阳黑子。
如果在随后的几年中， 他继续把这些太阳黑子描画下来，
们相信，他大概一定会发现太阳黑子正在变得愈来愈少和愈来愈小。可是， 那时候，他却对
随着岁
其他事物发生的兴趣， 因此， 他看不到在太阳黑子的活动中存在着一种长期的周期，
月的消逝， 太阳黑子会时多时少。 后来， 发现太阳黑子活动周期的是人是科学史上最有耐心 的观察者之一——德国化学家查尔斯· 许伟勃。
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三. 1982年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Section VI Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)
1. 随着时间的过去，他将会懂得我所讲的话。
1. As time goes on, he will understand what I said.
2. 听说那个地区的工厂比 1970 年增加了两倍。
2. We have been told that there are now three times as many factories in that district as in 1970.
3. 在这个季节保持蔬菜新鲜可不容易。
3. It is hard work keeping vegetables fresh in this season.
4. 只要我们继续努力工作，我们就能提前完成任务。
4. So long as we continue to work hard, we can finish the task ahead of schedule.
5. 尽管我们的政治和经济制度存在着巨大差异，我们两国在许多方面有着共同的利益。
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5. Despite the great differences between our political and economic systems, our two countries share a wide range of common interest.
Choose either of the following two passages and translate it into Chinese. (30 points)
(1)In country after country, talk of non- smokers ’ right is in the air. While a majority ocfountries
have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking. Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers, or to cut cigarette consumption.
In some developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has become more or less stabilized. However, in many developing nations, cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress — and is even encouraged. As more tobacco companies go international, new markets are sought to gain new smokers in those countries. For example, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africa — where U.S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974.
Smoking is harmful to the health of people. World governments should conduct serious campaigns against it. Restrictions on cigarette advertisements, plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places such as theatres, cinemas and restaurants, are the most popular tools
used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing smoking. But world attention also is focusing on another step which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit. And cigarette price should be boosted.
In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.
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(1)不吸烟者的权利问题，正在一个又一个国家里开始议论。至今多数国家很少或还没有采 取措施， 有三十个左右的国家已经采取法律程序控制吸烟。 烟者净化空气或消减纸烟消费量的多种法律。
另一些国家则已制订旨在为不吸
在某些发达国家中。 纸烟的消费量已渐趋稳定。 然而在许多发展中国家里， 吸烟却被视为经 济发展的一种标志——甚至受到鼓励。
随着更多的烟草公司走上国际化的道路，
它们在这些
国家中寻找新的市场， 争取更多的吸烟者。 例如美国烟草工业就力图在中东和北非推销香烟 ——在这些地区，美国烟草出口量在
1974年增加了百分之二十七以上。
吸烟对人民健康有害。 世界各国应该开展认真的反对吸烟运动。 香烟广告， 每包香
这些都是许
烟上加印有害健康的警告， 以及禁止在诸如影剧院和餐馆等某些公共场所吸烟， 多国家用以支持不吸烟者和控制吸烟最常用的办法。
同时，人们也正把注意力集中在另一项
应该作出巨大
措施上。 这项措施将使吸烟者越来越意识到自己的不良习惯并为此感到不安。
努力告诉青年人抽烟的危害性，特别是养成抽烟习惯的可怕后果。而且香烟价格应予提高。
从长远观点看， 毫无疑问，如果能完全禁止吸烟， 对于采取这种极端措施，人们尚无准备。
那么每个人的境况将得到很大的改善。但
(2)Nuclear power radiation.
’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses.
It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other
things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can ’t detect them, se without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can
vity’withsoeuntsae rraaddiiaotaiocnti detector. But
unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
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At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in
vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is
completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage many not be significant.
This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the
dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves,
you may be in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or
liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
(2)核能对健康、安全甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词来概括：辐射。
核辐射这种现象多少有点神秘， 其部分原因是人类的官能无法觉察到它的存在。 围可能都是辐射线，可是我们看不风它，听不到它，
尽管我们周
摸不着它，也辨别不出它的味道。还
有一些和它相类似的东西。例如，我们四周到处都是无线电波，但如果没有无线电接收器， 我们就不能探测到或感觉到它的存在。
同样， 如果不用辐射探测器， 我们也不能感觉到放射
现象。但核辐射不同于普通的无线电波，它对人类以及其他生物不是无害的。
能级非常高的辐射线能摧毁重要器官里的大量细胞从而把动物或人立即杀死。 级的辐射线也能造成严重的损害。
不存在任何绝对安全的辐射能级。
即使是最低能
如果辐射线没有击中任
何重要的东西， 造成的损害可能不太大。 当辐射线只击中少数细胞并且立即摧毁它们的时候， 情况就是这样。 你的身体能以健康的细胞代替死亡的细胞。
但如果这些少数的细胞只受到损
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坏，而这些细胞又自行繁殖， 那你就会遇到麻烦。 它们进行畸形繁殖。 它们有可能演变成癌， 这种情况有时在许多年之后才能显示出来。
这是核辐射现象带有某些神秘色彩的另一个原因。 它可能在损害已经发生而受害者意识不到
结果在五年、 十年或二十年后 原因是他的祖父母曾吸收过辐
的情况下造成严重损害。 一个人在受到照射时可能感觉良好， 死于癌症。 或者小孩一生下来就体弱或易于感染严重的疾病， 射线。
辐射线能伤害我们。我们应该知道。
四.1984年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)
1. 充分利用自然资源来为人类造福的愿望总有一天会实现。
1. The wish of fully utilizing the natural resources for the benefit of mankind will eventually come true.
2. 据我所知，到目前为止，这是他们所能想到的最好方案。
2. To my knowledge, this is the best program they can conceive of so far.
3. 随着科学与技术的普及，电子计算机已越来越广泛地在各个领域中得到应用。
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3. With the popularization of science and technology, computer has found an increasingly wide application in all fields.
4. 通过深入的调查研究，他们终于取得了大量的第一手资料。
4. Through and intensive investigation they have finally obtained abundant first-hand information.
5. 在我们的工作中失败是常事，但我们绝不能因此而灰心丧气。
5. In our work it's nothing unusual to be confronted with failures but we should in no way be discouraged on that account.
Section VIII English-Chinese Translation
(1) Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the radio. At night, roads are brightly lit,
enabling people and traffic to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the character of every modern city. In the home, many labour-saving devices are powered by electricity. (2)
Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fat asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our
refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, trolley-buses,
and trams take us to and from work. (3) We rarely bother to consider why or how they run until something goes wrong.
One summer something did go wrong with the power plant that provides New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a standstill. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, powerless to do anything; (4) lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough not to be trapped between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in an instant became as gloomy and uninviting as the most remote back streets. (5) People were afraid to leave
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their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.
Meanwhile, similar disorder prevailed in the home. New York can be stifling in the summer and this year was no exception. Cool, air-conditioned apartments became furnaces. Food went bad in
refrigerators. Cakes and joints of meat remained uncooked in cooling ovens. (6) People sat impatient and frightened in the dark as if an unseen enemy had landed from Mars. (7) One of the strange things that occurred during the power-cut was that some fifty blind people lead many sighted workers home. (8) When the lights came on again, hardly a person in the city can have turned on a switch without reflecting how great a servant he had at his fingertips.
(1)
1. 电在我们的日常生活中所占的地位是这样的重要，而且现在人们还认为有电是完全理所 当然的事，所以我们在开电灯或开收音机时就很少会再去想一想电是怎么来的。
2. 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入睡乡时，电也在为我们工作，它帮我们开动冰箱， 帮我们烧水或使我们房间里的空调机保持运转。
3. 在车辆出毛病之前，我们就不会去费脑筋想一下它们为什么会开动或怎样开动。
4. 电梯停了，因此即使你幸而没有被困在两个楼层的中间，你也得去完成一项不愉快的任 务：即摸黑往下走几百级楼梯。
5. 尽管都已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们还是不敢出门，因为 也同其它任何人一样感到不知所措和为力。
6. 人们焦急不安、惊惶失措地坐在黑暗中，好象有一名来自火星的看不见的敌人已登上了 地球。
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7. 停电期间所发生的事件中有过这样一件怪事：大约有五十名盲人给许多有视力的职工带 路，把他们送回家。
8. 当电灯再亮时，城里的人在揿电灯开关之前，几乎没有一个人不仔细想一想，他随时都 能有一个多么能干的个人来为他服务啊。
(2)
A mineral is a material that is mined, not grown. (9) In other words mineral substances which are found on the earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. Some minerals, for example coal and oil, were originally living substances; others, like iron, never had life. (10) Coal and oil are the remains of plants and
animals. Crude mineral ores and crude oil must be purified before they can be used.
(11) A stage in human civilization is often called by the name of the substance mainly used at that stage: the Stone Age, the Iron Age, and so on. The level of civilization reached by a society depends
on the materials it can use, not only on those which are available. (12) The capacity to use a raw material depends on various factors, such as means of access, methods of extraction, and techniques of processing. In order to be purified, or combined into alloys, metals must be melted. For this purpose they must be placed in containers which can be heated to enormous temperatures. These containers or enclosed spaces are called furnaces. (13) Plants which refine crude ores are often located
in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined.
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Although much was known previously about the chemical properties of aluminum and their
application to practical uses, (14) it was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting aluminum
ore was found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process.
(15) In the past few decades men behaved as if their supplies of minerals were inexhaustible. (16) But
now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable
estimate of their \"expectation of life,\" the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves
of these materials.
But in the case of minerals it is especially difficult to give a reliable estimate of reserves because
surveys have not been completed and it is not certain that all sources are known. Uranium provides a good example of this fact.
Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)
(2)
9. 换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上的而且必须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆炸或类似作业才能 获得的物质。
10. 煤和油是植物和动物的残体。原矿石和原油必须加以精炼才能使用。
11. 人类文明的各个时期通常是根据从们在各个时期所主要使用的物质名称而命名的，例如 石器时代、铁器时代，等等。
12. 使用原料的能力大小取决于各种因素，例如，获取原料的手段、开采方法和加工技术。
13. 提炼原矿石的厂房设备通常不是设在开采原矿石的国家而是设在其他国家。
14. 直到六十年前人们才发现一种开采铝矿石的方法，从而有可能从中得出一种成本低廉、
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大规模提炼的炼铝法。
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15. 在过去的几十年间，人们对待矿物的态度是：仿佛他们可以永远不断地得到矿物供应。
16. 可是现在他们认识到，其中有些矿物的蕴藏是很有限的，他们甚至还是可较合理地估计 出这些矿石“可望存在多少年”， 和蕴藏量将被耗尽。
也就是说， 经过多少时间之后， 这些矿物的全部书籍矿源
五.1985 年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points) 1. 这项计划和原来的计划比起来，要完整得多。
1. Compared with the original one, this plan is far more complete. 2. 只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。
2. Only in this way can we catch up with the world's advanced levels in science and technology. 3. 你对下一步该做些什么，清楚了吗
?
3. Are you clear about what you should do next?
4. 在旧中国，几乎没有什么机器制造工业，更不用说电子工业了。
4. In old China, there was hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry.
5. 他在这次旅行中的所见所闻给他留下了深刻的印象。
5. What he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.
Choose either of the following two passages. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points) (1)
Television is now playing a very important part in our life. But television, like other things, has both
advantages and disadvantages. Do the former outweigh the latter?
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In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively
cheap one. (1) For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. (2) They do not have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema, or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing. (3) All they have to do is press a
button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. (4) Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely where the danger lies. The television viewer takes no initiative. He makes no choice and exercises no judgment. (5) He is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort on his part.
(6) Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers and endless series of programs which are both
instructive and entertaining. The most distant countries and the strangest custom are brought right into one's sitting-room. (7) It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but on
television everything is much more living, much more real. Yet here again there a danger. We get so
used to looking at it, so dependent on its flickering pictures, that it begins to dominate our lives.There are many other arguments for and against television. The poor quality of its programs is often criticized. But it is undoubtedly a great comfort to many lonely elderly people. And does it corrupt or
instruct our children? I think we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad. (8)It is
the uses to which it is put that determine its value to society. (1)
1. 譬如，对于一个四口之家，舒舒服服地坐在家里收看电视，就能看到几乎是数不清的娱 乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣便宜得多，方便的多。
2. 他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院，或歌剧院买价钱很高的戏票，结果他们也许还会发现所 演出的节目很令人失望。
3. 他们所要做的只是按一下电钮，就能看到各种戏剧、电影、歌剧和各式各样的演出，更 不用说各种政治辩论和最近举行的激动人心的足球赛。 4. 可是，有些人则坚持认为这恰恰是危险的所在。
5. 看电视的人是完全被动的，他可以毫不费力就能看到所播放的每一个节目。
6. 人们常说，电视能使一个人对时事了如指掌，随时了解科学和政治方面的最新发展。同
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时还能源源不断地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又带有娱乐性的节目。
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7. 可能会有人提出无线电广播也同样能做到这一点 生动，更加真实。
8. 电视对社会的价值取决于我们怎样去利用它。 (2)
;但在电视屏幕上，每个节目都显得更加
An office is the \"Brain\" of a business. (9) In an office, figures, lists and information are compiled
which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories. These
figures guide the managers by telling them what has happened and what is happening.?
Information comes into an office in all sorts of ways but the main items of information come in regularly. (10) It is part of the job of the clerks to collect and classify that information and to put it
into such a form that it is easily interpreted and understood. Offices collect information then they classify it.
This work of collection is common in an office from the sorting of mail every morning to the accountant's work in finding out the final figure for the year's profit. (11) Classification always requires the arrangement of the same kind of information, often into lists or columns. (12) For this work, correctness, accuracy and speed, as in all office work, are essential.
There is no value, however, in collecting figures which mean nothing. Figures are guides which should
help we make decisions. (13) The interpretation of information and of tables should tell us where success or failure lies, where profit can be had and where losses occur. (14) On this kind of information and from the known figures, a choice is made and a series of such choices may make a policy.
A firm which has three factories may find, for instance, from its figures, that one factory is losing
money and a choice may lie between either a change of manager, a cut in production, an increase in production or closure of the factory. Whichever one of these decisions is taken becomes the policy. (15) It is clear that a decision leading to a policy can only be as good as the information on which it is based.
Consequently there is a constant search for more and more exact information. (16) Managers will want to have all the necessary facts before they can make the best decision and it is normal for them
to seek for more and more information. (2)
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9. 在办公室里，人们将各种数据、表格和资料 员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。
(信息)加以汇编以便让经理们或企业的主管人
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10. 职员们的一部分任务就是手机这种资料 (信息)将它分类并制成这样一份表格，这份表格
要能是这种资料 (信息)易于解释，易于理解。
11. 分类工作始终需要将同样的资料加以整理，往往是将它们列成表格或专栏。
12. 对于这种工作来说，像所有的办公室工作一样，正确性、准确性和速度是必不可少的。 13. 对资料 (信息)和报表所做的解释，应能给我们显示出成败之所在哪里可以有盈利以及哪 里出现了亏损。
14. 根据这种资料 (信息)和那些已知的数据，就能作出一种选择，而一系列这样的选择就能 形成一项决策。
15. 很显然，形成决策的那个决定的好坏，只能取决于它所依据的资料
(信息)的好坏。
16. 经理们必定需要在掌握一切必要的情况之后才能作出最佳的决定。对他们来说，要求得 到越来越多的资料 (信息)是很正常的。
六.1990年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Translate the following sentences into English (15 points) 1. 你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。
1. You should check all the data carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes. 2. 尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成。
2. Although the experiment is complicated, they are determined to finish it on time.
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3. 一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。
3. All signs showed that the man knew nothing of what had happened here. 4. 只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。
4. Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work.
5 这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻报导。
5. This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story. Section VII English-Chinese Translation
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences underlined into Chinese. (20 points)
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy
to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is
competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (1) They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as
“nature vs. nurture.
”
1. 他们想要说明，为什么我们具有某些性格特征和表现出某些行为。 (2) Those who support the and behavior
“nature ”side of the conflict believe that our personalities
patterns are largely determined by biological factors.
2. 在这场争论中，赞成“天性”一方的那些人认为，我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由 生物因素所决定的。
(3) That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is
central to this theory.
3. 这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，
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也是微不足道的。
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Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the called
“nurture ”theory, that is, they advocate education, are often
behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts
in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. (4) The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. 4. 行为主义者坚信，人象机器一样，对环境的刺激作出反应，这是他们行为的基础。
Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the
two theories. (5) Supporters of the capacity
“nature ”theory insist that we are born with a certain
for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say: They don ’t believe that fac
environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (6) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
5. 支持“天性”论的人坚持说， 我们生来就具有一定的学习才能， 这是由生物因素决定的。 6. 行为主义者的看法是，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长，而这些刺激物能够 发展其作出适当反应的能力，那么，这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (7) In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some
“nature ”proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (8) Behaviorists,in
contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of
the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.
Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 7. 在美国，黑人在标准化智力测试中的成绩常常低于白人。
8. 相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其它环境方 面所享有的许多有利条件。
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考研英语翻译，每分必争。
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七.1986年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Section VII Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points) 1. 去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件。
1. The good crop last year was due to the improvement of farm management and favorable weather condition.
2. 他在科研上取得的成就要比预期的大。
2. The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected. 3. 我们现在必须做的是把情况作一番仔细的调查。
3. What we must do now is to make a careful investigation of the situation. 4. 很难说哪个方案更为切实可行。
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4. It ’s hard to say which plan is more practicable.
5. 昨晚如果他来了，问题也许已得到解决。
5. If he had come yesterday evening, the question might have been solved.
Section VIII English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)
It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards. (1) If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it
is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and
abilities. (2) If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas
and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit. (3) Schools often have too restricting an
atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. (4) Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration
of different academic studies, especially those particular interest. The
“all rounders
”with no
should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life,
they do not l ook back and say, hadn ’
“I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I
’t have ended up as an interpreter, but
”
degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn it ’s to
couldn ’t go back and begin all over again.
1. 如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要 选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。
2. 如果一个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识，为了扩大思想境界和 学会思考，那么毫无疑问，进大学对他是有好处的。
3. 学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束，气氛往往令人感到过于拘束，使学生没有充分时间对 规定要他做的事情有的见解。
4. 我认为大多数学生，尤其是那些没有偏重某一门课程的“全面发展的学生”，经过一年 左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研，将会从中获益。
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(5) There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one ’s time at
university. (6) This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning. (7) He is
immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a
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specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the
world is all about. (8) It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste
their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists
ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world. 5. 当然，关于一个人如何最充分地利用上大学的时间，还有另外一个方面。 6. 某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。
7. 他一毕业马上就被一所他自己选中的大学所接受，再花三、四年时间，以优异的成绩取得荣誉学位，成为一名专家，但对外界的一切却几乎一无所知。
8. 因此，如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更多的指点。这个问题显得越来越重要了。
八.1987年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Section VII Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following sentences into English (15 points) 1. 所有那些努力工作的人都应得到鼓励。 All those who work hard should be encouraged. 2. 我们恳切希望你早日给我们一个答复。
We sincerely hope that you give us an early reply. 3. 即使你说服不了他，也不要灰心丧气。
Don’t feel discouraged even if you should fail in persuading him. 4. 这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。
So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter. 5. 你讲英语时，发音要准，否则人家就听不懂你的意思。
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When you speak English, your pronunciation should be correct. Otherwise you can ’ t make understood.
Translate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)
Have there always been cities? (1) Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, but actually cities are relatively recent development. Groups with primitive economics still manage without them. The trend, however, is for such groups to disappear, while cities are increasingly becoming the dominant mode of man been
’ s social existence. (2) Historically, city life has always
among the elements which form a civilization. Any high degree of human endeavor and achievement has been closely linked to life in an urban environment. (3) It is virtually impossible to imagine that
universities, hospitals, large businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them. To most people, cities have traditionally been the areas where there was a concentration of culture as well as of opportunity. (4) In recent years, however, people have
begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. What has happened to the modern American city? Actually, the problem is not such a new one. Long before this century started, there had begun a trend toward the concentration of the poor of the American
society into the cities. Each great wave of immigration from abroad and from the rural areas made the problem worse. During this century, there has also been the development of large suburban areas surrounding the cities, for the rich prefer to live in these areas. Within the cities, sections may be
sharply divided into high and low rent districts, the town ” and the slum
“ right side of
Of course, everyone wants to do something about this unhappy situation. But there is no agreement as to goals. Neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program. Opinions are as diverse as
the people who give them. (5) But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved. Perhaps transportation and the means of communication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities. Of course, there is the problem of
persuading people to move out of them of their own free will. (6) And there is also the objection that
the city has always been the core from which cultural advancement has radiated. Is this, however, still
the case today in the presence of easy transportation and communication? Does culture arise as a result of people living together communally, or is it too the result of decisions made at the level of
government and the communications industry?
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It is probably true to say that most people prefer to preserve the cities. Some think that the cities
could be cleaned up or totally rebuilt. This is easy to say; it would not be so easy to do. (7) To be sure,
a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. Living conditions
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could not help but improve, at least for a while. But would the problems return after the rebuilding was completed?
Nevertheless, with the majority of the people living in urban areas, the problem of the cities must be
solved. (8) From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to total inaction. At the basis of much of this inaction
is an old-fashioned concept -- the idea human conditions will naturally tend to regulate themselves for
the general goal.
Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)
1. 对我们来说，生活要是没有广大的城市地区似乎是不可想象的，但实际上城市还是比较 按期才发展起来的。 (2 分)
2. 从历史上看，城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分。
(2 分)
3. 如果没有城市的支持，简直难以想象会有大学，医院，大企业，甚至连科学技术也不会 有。(3 分)
4. 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。
(2 分)
5. 但是，一个最主要的分歧意见是，像目前这样的城市是否还要保存下去。 (3 分 ) 6. 同时也有人反对说，文化方面的进步，始终是以城市为中心而向外辐射的。 (3 分) 7. 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。
(2 分 )
8. 遗憾的是，过去我们在总目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及到各个具体目标时，意见就不 一致，因而也就根本没有什么行动。
(3 分)
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九.1988 年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)
1. 恶劣的天气使他无法按时动身去北京。
1. Bad weather prevented him from starting out for Beijing on time.
2. 请先把事故的原因查清楚再向主任汇报。
2. Please make sure of the cause of the accident and then report to the director.
3. 直到演出已经开始，他才匆匆赶到。
3. He arrived in a hurry after the performance had already started.
4. 经当地批准后，他们取消了原定的项目。
4. With the approval of the local government, they cancelled the original project.
5. 他听到这意外消息，吃惊得连一句话也说不出来。
5. Upon hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn utter a word.
’t
Translate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)
Seated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient.
Stylishly dressed, the firm ’s newest employee had a pleasaicnet taenl edpah onnaet uvr ao l charm
that put clients at ease. The company was pleased: (1) Clearly, this was a person who took
considerable pride in personal appearance. David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique. (2) Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women. The number of men in
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women-dominated fields is still small and they haven that has often
’ t attracted the attention
followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that have traditionally been held by women.
Strictly speaking, the phenomenon is not new. For the past several decades, men have been quietly entering fields such as nursing, social work and elementary education. But today no job seems off-limits. Men serve coffee in offices and meals on airplanes. (3) These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions about the types of work men and women can do -- but they also produce some undeniable problems for the men who are entering those
What kinds of men venture into these so-called “ I don ’ t
know of any definite answers I Ph.D., of t
“ women’ s fields ” ? All kinds. (4)
’ d be comfortable with, ” explains Jhoes e p h Pleck
Wellesley College Centre for Research on Women.
Sam Ormont, for example, a thirty-year-old nurse at a Boston hospital, went into nursing because the army had trained him as a medical worker. (5)
interesting. ”
“ I found that work very
“ and when I got out of the service it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical. I wasn ’ t really interested in becoming a doctor.
-five-year-old”DaTvhidirtKy ing, an out-of-work
actor, found a job as a receptionist because he was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and
he needed to pay the rent.
(6) In other words, men enter o n a
“ female ” jobs out of the same consideral tiinotne rfeosr tpaenrds
economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work. But similarities often end there. Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous. As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from
those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people with whom they are in professional contact.
The question naturally arises: Why are there still approximately ninety-nine female secretaries for
every one male? There is also a more serious issue. Most mnedon ’ t want to be receptionists, nurses,
secretaries or sewing workers. Put simply, these are not generally considered very masculine jobs. (7)To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule.
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“There was kidding in the beginning, and when I say ‘A nurse, know, there are fe doctors, too.
’”
”recalls Oc rommoi n gt . from sch“ooKlidask what I am,
‘You
’they laugh at me. I just smile and say,
Still, there are encouraging signs. Years ago, male grade school teachers were as rare as male nurses.Today more than one elementary school teacher in six is male.
(8) Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and women -- or when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise eyebrows? It
oming
-- but’n ost vperorybasboloync.
1. 他显然，他是个对自己的仪表感到相当自豪的人。
2. 正像卡车司机和建筑工人再没必要都是男的一样，秘书和接待员再也不一定都是女的。
3. 这些变化正影响着长期存在的传统观念中关于男女各可以干哪几类工作的看法，但这对 于进入原先以妇女为主的那些的男人来说，无疑也带来一些问题。
4. 我还没听说过有任何使我感到满意的确切答案。
5. 他回忆说：“我觉得那种工作十分有趣，当我退役时，对我来说，去干某种医务工作， 似乎是极其自然的。”
6. 换句话说，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其动机是同任何找工作干的人一样，既出于 个人的兴趣，也出于经济上需要的考虑。
7. 选定这一类工作是会惹人笑话的。
8. 我们是否能预见到这么一天： 那时当秘书的男女各占一半或有人提到某个男人当护士时， 人们不会再感到吃惊 ?
十> 19 年考研 英语翻译真题及答案解析
Section VI Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points) 1. 请乘客们系好安全带，以防碰伤。
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2. 除非安装一条新的装配线，否则提高产量是没有指望的。 3. 有人提出，暑假期间安排一次到海南岛的考察旅行。 4. 为了把课文中的难点解释清楚，他举了许多例子。 5. 护士们通常毕生致力于照顾病人。 翻译
VI: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)
1. All travellers are advised to fasten their safety-belts to avoid being bumped. 2. No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.
3. It is suggested that an exploration tour to the Hainan Island (should) be arranged during the summer vacation.
4. He gave lots of examples in order to get the difficult points in the text fully explained. 5. Nurses often devote their whole lives to tending the sick.
Section VII English-Chinese Translation
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences in heavy type into Chinese. (20 points)
When Jane Matheson started work at Advanced Electronics Inc. 12 years ago, (1) she laboured over a microscope, hand-welding tiny electronic computers and turned out 18 per hour. Now she tends the computerized machinery that turns out high capacity memory chips at the rate of 2,50 per hour. Production is up, profits are up, her income is up and Mrs. Matheson says the work is far less strain on her eyes.
But the most significant effect of the changes at AEI was felt by the workers who are no longer there.
Before the new computerized equipment was introduced, there were 940 workers at the plant. Now there are 121. (2) A plant follow-up survey showed that one year after the layoffs only 38% of the released workers found new employment at the same or better wages. Nearly half finally settled for lower pay and more than 13% are still out of work. The AEI example is only one of hundreds around the country which forge intelligently ahead into the latest technology, but leave the majority of their
workers behind.
(3) Its beginnings obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slow-down, the new technological unemployment may emerge as thegreat socio-economic challenge of the end of the
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20th century. One corporation economist says the growth of replacement ” costs will be astonishing. (4) machine and there is
“machine job
with us since the beginning of the industrial revolution, but never at the pace it is now. The human
“It ’s humiliating to be done out of your job by a
no way to fight back, but it is the effort to find a new job that really hurts. ”Some
Matheson, are retrained to handle the new equipment, but often a whole new set of skills is required and that means a new, and invariably smaller set of workers. (5) The old workers, trapped by their limited skills, often never regain their old status and employment. Many drift into marginal areas. They feel no pride in their new work. They get badly paid for it and they feel miserable, but still they
are luckier than those who never find it.
(6) The social costs go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made by the government. Unemployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary... that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys. (7) But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the
new technology means there will be a simple and direct net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done. It may
“We should treat this as an opportunity to give people more leisure.
not be easy, but society will have to reach a new unanimity on the division and distribution of labor,Seymour says. He predicts most people will work only six-hour days and four-day weeks by the end of the century. But the concern of the unemployed is for now. (8) Federally funded training and free to keep up with the pace of the new technology. For the next few years, for a substantial portion of the workforce, times are going to be very tough indeed.
1. 她吃力地伏在显微镜上干活，手焊体积很小的电子计算机，每小时能焊好 2. 一家工厂的跟踪调查表明，被解雇的工人中一年后只有 优于原工资的工作。
3. 它(新技术的采用导致失业上升 )一开始被全球性的经济衰退所引起的失业所掩盖， 世纪末，新技术所引起的失业问题可能会构成对社会经济的巨大挑战。
4. 被一台机器抢走你的工作是很伤自尊心的，可又没法还击，但真正伤我心的是要费很大 的劲去寻找新的工作。
5. 老工人由于处于技术掌握得很有限的困境，
往往不能重新获得其原有的地位和就业机会。
但到 20
18 个。
back-to-school programs for laid-off workers are under way, but few experts believe they will be able
38%的人找到了与原工资相等或
6. 要付出的社会代价远远超过在福利与失业救济方面的开支。
7. 未来学家海曼· 西摩说，新技术所具有的惊人效率意味着所需要的劳力将出现一个绝对 的和直接的净减数。
8. 为失业工人提供的由联邦帮助的培训计划和免费重返学校学习的计划目前都在实施 中，但专家中几乎没有认为这些计划能跟得上新技术的发展步伐。
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十一 .1990年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Section VI Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following sentences into English (15 points) 1. 你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。 2. 尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成。 3. 一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。
4. 只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。 5. 这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻报导。
1. You should check all the data carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes.
2. Although the experiment is complicated, they are determined to finish it on time. 3. All signs showed that the man knew nothing of what had happened here.
4. Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work.
5. This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.
Section VII English-Chinese Translation
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences underlined into Chinese. (20 points)
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People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy
to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (1) They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect,
the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as
“ nature vs. nurture.
”
“ nature ” side of the conflict believe that our personalities
(2) Those who support the and behavior
patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (3) That our environment has little, if anything,
to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.
Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the called
“ nurture ” theory, that is, they advocate education, are often
behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts
in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. (4) The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the
two theories. (5) Supporters of the a certain capacity
“ nature ” theory insist that we are born with
’ t
for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say: They don believe that factors in
environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (6) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (7) In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “ nature ” proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (8) Behaviosri,sitn
contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of
the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.
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Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.
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翻译
Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)
1. 他们想要说明，为什么我们具有某些性格特征和表现出某些行为。
2. 在这场争论中，赞成“天性”一方的那些人认为，我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由 生物因素所决定的。
3. 这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话， 也是微不足道的。
4. 行为主义者坚信，人象机器一样，对环境的刺激作出反应，这是他们行为的基础。
5. 支持“天性”论的人坚持说， 我们生来就具有一定的学习才能， 这是由生物因素决定的。 6. 行为主义者的看法是，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长，而这些刺激物能够 发展其作出适当反应的能力，那么，这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。 7. 在美国，黑人在标准化智力测试中的成绩常常低于白人。
8. 相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其它环境方 面所享有的许多有利条件。
十二 .1991年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Section V English-Chinese Translation
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points)
The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a
long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is
clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (1) The supply
of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty
years or so at the present rate of use.
(2) New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any
situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past.
For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself
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lucky that it can advance at all.
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To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world ’ s
sight. Although the birth-rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens.
(3) The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.
Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001?
To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years --
even here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two
hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to
expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (4) This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it
possible to combine few farmers with high yields.
It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United States will no longer be a great food-exporting nation
and that, if necessity forces exports, it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home.
In fact, as food items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be
increasing use of flavouring additives. (5) Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more 答案解析
Section V: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
1. 石油供应可能会随时中断 ;不管怎样，以目前这种消费速度，只需 都会枯竭。
2. 必须找到新的能源，这需要时间 能再出现了。
3. 食品供应的增加将赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入 危机。
4. 这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式
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“unnatural food ”.
30年左右，所有的油井
;而过去我们感觉到的那种能源价廉而充足的情况将不可
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继续下去了，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
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5. 除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食， 否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。
十三 .1992年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Section V English-Chinese Translation
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points)
“Intelligence ” at best is an assumptive c o-n-stthr uecmt eaning of the word has never been clear.
(1) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who
can
grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child ’s cap
learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character,
social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to -- it was
not designed for such purposes. (2) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing
a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.
The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially
a comparative affair.
(3) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a comparison. It is
“valid ” or
“fair ”
that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors:
the intention to do one do, and
’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to
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the intellectual ability to do it. (4) The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any
comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these
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assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in
the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we
can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require
“general intelligence.
”
(5) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
答案解析
Section V: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
1. There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.
人们对智力这个词所指的不同表现意见比较一致， 看法。
而对这些表现如何解释或分类则有不同的
2. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.
批评智力测试不反映上述情况，犹如批评温度计不能测风速一样。
3. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a comparison.
“valid ” or
“fair ”
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既然对智力的评估是比较而言的， 那么我们必须确保， 在对我们的对象进行比较时， 我们所
用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。
4. The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.
如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话， 那么对所有被比较者来说， 前两个因素必须是一样的。
5. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
总的来说， 得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的， 对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同 关知识而受影响。
但是必须具备两个条件： 能够假定这个孩子 ;他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的有
十四 .1993年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points)
(1) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (2) It is not that the scales in the one case, and the
balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the
latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. (3) You have all heard
it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法 ) and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and
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that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. (4) And it is imagined
by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these
processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words,
you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and
that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.
There is a well-known incident in one of Moliere hero express
’s plays, where the author makes the
unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole of his life. In
the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period. (5) Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in
motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which
a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena. 翻译
1. The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式， 确而严谨解释的表达方式。
2. It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their
construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理或工作方式上存在 差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更准确得多。
3. You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction 归( 纳法 ) and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up
their theories.
你们都多次听说过， 科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的， 他们用这些方法， 在某种意义上说， 力求从自然界找出某些自然规律，然后他们根据这些规律，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，
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也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精
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建立起他们的理论。
4. And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
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许多人以为， 普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比， 经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
认为这些思维过程必须
5. Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a
complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena. 在座的诸位中， 大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动， 与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动， 一样的。
十五 . 1994 年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (1) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the
这些思考活动
尽管复杂程度不同， 但在类型上是完全
insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.(2) “In short, ” a leader of the new school contends, revolution, as we call it, wa
“the scientific
largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.
”
(3) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo
’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from
Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (4) Galileo was the first person
’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he
to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists,
was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses.
Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (5) Whether the Government ’s should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
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翻译
Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
1.他们（新学派科学家们）说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改 进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。
2.新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称谓的科学，主要是指一系列器 具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”
3.工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家 们忽视了。
4.伽里略的最光辉的业绩在于他在 是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球。
5.究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往 取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
1609 年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星
十六 .1995年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Section IV English-Chinese Translation Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying,
assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. 1) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent
users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable
precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.
All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. 2) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and
appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
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Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.
Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. 3) Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
4) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely
defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do. 5) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 答案解析
Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
1. 把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来 自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
2. 这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适 宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
3. 因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者同时使用， 须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。
4. 一般地说，当所要测定的特征能很精确地界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测 的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。
5. 例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人， 如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。
十七.1996考研全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
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Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 1) Some
of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 2) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that
a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time, questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource
or machine to be kept in functional order. 3) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients
of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision
among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting science, but a v
“good ” as opposed to
“bad ”
determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with
the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 4) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world and ’s mor
e fascinating
delightful aspects. 5) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 答案解析
Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) 1. 在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求 自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。
2. 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的得出结论：要向科研机构 提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
3. 给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这个 问题。
;另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上
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4. 然而，世界就是如此， 完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。
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5. 同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。
十八.1997年全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 1) Actually, it isn there is an agreed accou
of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 2) Some philosophers
argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for
exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and
by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people -- for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force
a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “I don ’t like this contract
”?
’t, because it assumes that
The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is
fruitless. 3) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should
be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat
animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. 4) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for
the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake -- a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely The most
“logical
”. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it.
elementary form of moral reasoning -- the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl -- is to weigh others ’ interests against one
own. T’hissin turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is
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no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 5) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind l reaso
instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 答案解析
’nsi nign si nt i nacctt ifoonr ,maonr a
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Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
1. 事实并非如此 , 因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的 识并不存在。
2. 有些哲学家论证说 , 权利只存在在于社会契约中 , 是责任与权益相交换的一部分。 3. 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端 自身一样关切体谅 , 要么完全冷漠无情。
4. 这类人持极端看法 , 认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同
, 对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
, 这种本能应得到鼓励 ,
, 它使人们认为应这样对待动物： 要么像对人类
, 而这种共同认
5. 这种反应并不错 , 这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用 而不应遭到嘲弄。
十九.1998年全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of
enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth. 1) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration satellite
’s Cosmic Background--ECxopbloere--r
had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that
has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).
2) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the
1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms
of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.
Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They
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shouldn ’t have long to wait. 73) Astrophysicists working with groun-bdased detectors at the South
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Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.
4) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a
refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on,the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than a
second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. 5) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically
plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. 答案解析
Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
1. 更为重要的是， 这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象， 亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
2. 巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主 导地位所不可缺少的。
3. 天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久 会报告他们的观测结果。
4. 假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更 完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。
5. 宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信 的推论。许多天体物理学家七、八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。
因为他们看到的是 150
二十.1999年全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
1) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most
closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events
of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and
scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian ’s cr
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practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.
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2) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as
an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history
once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an
understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 3) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 4) There is no
agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the
research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel me
frequently fall victim to the natural sciences, the tech
“technicist fallacy.
” Also common in the
fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.
5) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. 答案解析
Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
1. 几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是 试图重现过去的重实并对其做出解释。
2. 人们之所以关注历史研究的方，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界 并不认为历史是一门学问。
3. 在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究 方法。
4. 所谓方是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的 研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
5. 这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派
;前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士
对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。
二十一 .2000年全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
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Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 1) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as
economists and operational research experts. 2) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country ’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industrayn, d that
this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of
education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto
unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to
science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific
advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.
3) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of
social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 4) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization --
with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century,
whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 5) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. 答案解析
Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
1. 在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领 域专家的协助。
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2. 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高 则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
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3. 大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想， 由于上述原因，常常得推出更多的革新。
4. 在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变 革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。 5. 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动 会对社会造成新的压力。
(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易
)造成的种种问题也
二十二 .2001年考研全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) In less than 30 years the brain
’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between
nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.
1) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 2) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will
be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. According to BT the
’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for
first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.
3) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computerh- uman links. nervous
“By linking directly to our
system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start
to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,
” he says. 4) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of -mmaanchine integration:
“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.
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Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted.
However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human
cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a
result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able
to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 5) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder -- kitchen rage. 答案解析
Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
1. 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车 排污超标 (违规 )，监控器就会使其停驶。
2. 儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而 不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字体时代就来到了。
3. 皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出 了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。
4. 但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一 步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”
5. 家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病 狂躁。
-- 厨房
二十三 .2002 年全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. 1) One difficulty is that almost all
of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of
character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 2) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because
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the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of
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explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and
analyze. 3) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred
years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 4)
They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his
achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning technology and to
“values. ” Who wwillhuast e a
ends? 5) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. 答案解析
Part B (10 points)
1. 难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行 为的根源。
2. 行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的， 部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
3. 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时 的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
4. 自由和尊严 (它们) 是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责 并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
5. (如果) 这些问题得不到解决， 研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥， 式可能也随之继续受到排斥。
解决问题的唯一方
二十四 .2003年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Part B
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Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 1) Furthermore, humans have the ability
to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar
ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a
calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. “Anthropology “the stud
” derives from the Greek words anthropos:
“human” and logos
By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 2) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology.Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 3) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor ’
of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 4) Tylor defined cultu re as and
“⋯ that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom,
any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. ” This insight, s
in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor behavior.
’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned
5) Thus, the anthropological concept of “set ” in mat
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“culture, ” like the concept of
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an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. 答案解析
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Part B (10 points)
1. 而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己 独特的想法和想象。
2. 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、 有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
3. 强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视得这使，角一研 究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
4. 泰勒把文化定义为“ ⋯⋯一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信 术艺、仰道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。
5. 因此，人类学中“ 文化”概念就像数学中“ 集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大 量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
二十五 .2004年考研英语翻译真题及答案 析解
Part B
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 1) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. 2) We are
obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of
this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “ exotic ”
not always so grateful. 3) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.
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Sapir ’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. 4) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of
language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language
think along one track and not along another. 5) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the
grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a societyLater, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism. 答案解析
Part B (10 points)
这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言
1. 希腊人认为 , 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。 的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
2. 我们之所有感激他们 (两位先驱 ), 是因为在此之后 , 这些(土著) 语言中有一些已经不复存 在了, 这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了
, 或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。
,
3. 这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著 以至于有些学者甚至指责
Boas 和 Sapir 编造了材料。
, 逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中
4. Whorf 对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣 构决定习惯思维的结构。
, 语言的结
5. Whorf 进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点 结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
, 其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维 , 语言的语法
二十六 .2005年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into ChineseIt is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one be a mixture
’s impressions tend to
of skepticism and optimism. 1) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European
television scene. 2) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that
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work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.
Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 3) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not
an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 19.
Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. 4) Creating a to
“European identity
” that respects t h er edsi f faenr ed nt tr acduilttiuo n s which go
make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 5) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, itsi no exaggeration to say
fall ” and if I had to choose a slogan it would be A unity of objective
“United we stand, divide--d we
”
“Unity in our diversity.
nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country. 答案解析
Part C (10 points)
1. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联 系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。
2. 多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。这些集团把相互关系密切的电视 台、之声、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。
3. 仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。
这个事实通过统计数字一目了然，
统计表明在 80 家欧洲电视网中 19 年出现亏损的不少于 50%。
4. 创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。正是这些 文化和传统组成了连接欧洲的纽带。
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5. 在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来 ，我们就会倒下去。”
;
二十七 .2006年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am
going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it
is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.
First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 1) I shall define him as an
individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic
(苏格拉底 ) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action
which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 2) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious
a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist,
for one. 3) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 4) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for
granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally
been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 5) They may teach very well and more
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than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in \"public and illustrious thoughts,
” as Emerson would say, is something else.
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答案解析 :
1.我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐 的人。
2.他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的 推理过程。
3.我之所以把他 (普通科学家 )排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题， 但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。
4.但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探 索行业规范一样。
5.他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行 道德判断的、人的问题进行思考。
二十八 .2007年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (1) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated
person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law. If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims
and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (2) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist for ’s intellectual pr his or her career.
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(3) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen
rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The
better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (4) In fact, it
is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian
Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.
While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (5) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance
and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system. 答案解析
Part C (10 points)
1. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知 识素养的必要组成部分。
2. 另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻 的做法是相同的。
3. 新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律，而这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确 立的规约和特殊责任的理解。
4. 事实上，很难设想那些对加拿大的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能胜任政 治新闻的报道工作。
5. 尽管律师的见解和反应会提高报道的质量，但新闻记者最好凭借他们自己对重要性的理 解自行做出判断。
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二十九 .2008年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
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Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty.
He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (1) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (2) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely
abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one
sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.
(3) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the has
“Origin of Species
” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and
convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that of common sense o
“I have a fair share of invention, and
judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher
degree. ” (4) He adds humbly that perhaps he was in noticing
“superior to the common run of men
”
things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.
Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had
changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: to read a line of
“Now for many years I cannot endure
” (5)
poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. Darwin was convinced th
loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,
and more probably to the moral character. 答案解析
Part C (10 points)
1. 他认为或许正因为 (语言表达上的 )这种困难， 他不得不对自己要说的每句话都经过长时间 的认真思考，从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。 2. 他还坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此他也认定自己在数学方
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面根本不可能有大的作为。
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3. 另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理能力，而他认为这种说法也是缺 乏根据的。
4. 他又自谦的说，或许自己“在注意到容易被忽略的事物，并对其加以仔细观察方面优于 常人”。
5. 达尔文确信，没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣，而且可能会有损于一个人的思维能力， 更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。
三十 .2009年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Part C Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and
important, but it is not the express reason of the association. (1) It may be said that the measure of
the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is
not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the
favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites
and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (2) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was
this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional
reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little
attention as compared with physical output.
But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (3) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their
disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure
to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly
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out of account. (4) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we
cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
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(5) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling
needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group. 答案解析 Part C
1. 虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生方面所起的作 用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。
2. 人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这—副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性 因素的过程则更为缓慢。
3. 虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响，然而在 与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。
4. 由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融，因此我们不禁要 考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。
5. 这就使我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育形式， 即直接讲授或学校教育。
三十一 .2010年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance. When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (1) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that
insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.
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It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (2) but we have at
least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (3) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on \"worthless\" species.
Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (4) In Europe, where forestry is
ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.
To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (5)
It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the
economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts. 答案
Part C (10 points)
1 . 科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据来补救， 数量的话，昆虫就会把我们吃光。
2. 但是我们至少更倾向于承认这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固 其存在与否对我们是否有经济利益。
3. 曾几何时，生物学家似乎过度使用了以下这条证据：这些生物是为了维持 运行去捕食弱小的生物或只捕食“没有价值的”物种。
4 . 在生态林业较为先进的欧洲， 没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林 当地加以保护。
5 . 这个系统容易忽视并最终消灭陆地群落中很多缺乏商业价值的物种， 整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。
三十二 . 2010 年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析
Section ⅢTranslation Directions:
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大致说的是如果鸟儿 不能控制昆虫
有权利，不管
食物链的正常
群落的成员适
然而 这些物种对于
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In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points) ‘Suatainability always
” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will
have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.
Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990sselling insurance. He the
dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency. It didin passion,
’t go well. ” says
“It was a really had move because that
’s not my “I was miserable, ’d been though
dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. I had so much
anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, time. 英译汉
最近，“承受力”成了一个流行词，但对 在经历了一段无法承受的痛苦生活后， 每日的行为和抉择才能得到体现。
Ning 回忆起九十年代后期销售保险那困惑的一年。在经历了网络泡沫的膨胀和破灭后，他 急需找到一份工作，因此就与
Boulder 公司签了约。
说。不N出ing
Ted Ning 来说，他对其含义有自己亲身的体会。 他清楚的认识到， 旨在提高承受力的价值观只有通过
‘Just wait, you
’ll trun the corner, give it some
但情况并不顺利。“这的确是糟糕的一步，因为它激不起我的工作热情，”
所料，工作上的进退维谷造成他销售业绩不佳。“我很痛苦，愁肠百结，常常在半夜惊醒， 望着天花板。我身无分文，需要这份工作。大家都说，‘等等看，过一段时间情况会好 转的’。”
三十三 . 2011 年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析
Directions： Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points） With its theme t hat “Mind is the master weaver,
” creating our inner character and outer
circumstances，the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing. (1)Allen
’s contribution was to take an assumption we aal lr es-ht h a t because we are not robots we
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therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind
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is separate from matter，we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (2) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone，in reality we are continually faced with a quesiton: I
make myself do this or achieve that?
“
“Why cannot
Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desi，re Allen concluded: “We do not attract what we want. but what we are. happens becaus
as aperson embody the external achievement; you don it. There is n
gap between mind and matter. Part of the fame of Allen not make a person reveal him.
’s book is its contention that
“Circumstances do ” Achievement
’t “get ” success but become
” (3) This seems a jautsiotinficfor neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of
exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. This,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (4)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been begin a
“wronged ” then we are unlikely to
conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless，as any biographer knows, a person ’ s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual. The sobering aspect of Allen
book is t’hatswe have no one else to blame for our present condition
except ourselves. (5) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us;
where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible. 翻译
1. 艾伦的贡献在于提出了我们大家都认同的假设——我们不是机器人，因此能够控制自己 的思维——并且指出了这个假设是错误的。
2. 虽然仅通过显意识就能能够保持控制的错觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，那就 是“为什么我不能设法完成这样或那样的事情。
3. 这似乎可能为必要时的忽视而正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处 于低层人们的劣势感。
4. 环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识 的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
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5. 正面意义在于我们了解任何事情都取决于我们自己，之前我们受到一系列的，而现 在我们成了权威。
三十四 .2011年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析
Part C --Directions: In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your
translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world
’-rsouagirhlinlye2s pdeorcent of all CO2 emissions?
Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the
“right ” answ
deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.
However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make
improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.
翻译
有谁会想到，在全球范围内， 化碳总排量的 2%。
IT 行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多 ?占二氧
很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。 根据你查询正确答案的尝试次数， 谷歌搜
索引擎会插手 0.2-7 克的二氧化碳的排放量。要快速将结果传递给用户，谷歌必须用强大和 大量的计算机系统来维护全球巨大的数据库中心。
这些计算机在散发大量热量的同时也产生
大量的二氧化碳气体。所以中心处理器必须要有很好的散热装备，然而却耗能更多。
三十五 .2012年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析
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Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise.
In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton of motion and
’ s laws
Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work. (1)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything— a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a
theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless,
unification of sorts remains a major goal.
This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (2)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world governed by
’ s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are
universal features. (3)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand
how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms. That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a
reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of
grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.
The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language— acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is
why children can learn it so quickly.
(4)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits
(particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that
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result from cognitive constraints
Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(5)Chomsky
’ s grammar should show patterns of language
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change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the
languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals. 翻译 Part C
1. 物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个关 于我们能看到的一切的生成方程式。
2. 在这里，达尔文主义似乎提供了有力的理由，因为如果全人类有共同的起源，那么假设 文化差异也能够追溯到更有限的源头好像就是合理的了。
3. 把差异性和独特性从共性中过滤出来也许能让我们理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的， 是什么从进化或认知领域指导着它。
4. 约书亚格林伯格为寻找语言的共性而付出努力提出了第二种理论。他采用了一个更实用 的共性理论，做法是辨认出众多语言的共有特征 表了由认知局限导致的偏差。
5. 乔姆斯基生成语法应该表明语言变化的模式，这些模式于族谱或贯穿其中的路径， 然而格林伯格的共性理论预测词序关系的特殊类别之间
(而不是其他 )有着强烈的共存性。
(尤其是按照词序排列 )，这些特征被认为代
三十六 .2012年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析
Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 15 points)
When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valsey or to hospitals and universities in the
developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain Canada and Australia try to
attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.
Lots of studies have found that well-education people form developing counting are particularly likely
to emigrants , A big survey of Indian households in 2004found that nearly 40% of emigrants had morn than a high-school education ,compared with around 3.3%of all Indian over the age of 25. This \"brain drain\" has long bothered policymakers in poor counties .They fear that it hurts their economies,
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depriving them of much-needed skilled worker who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospital and come up with clever new product for their factories to make. 翻译 Part C
当发展中国家的人们提起对移民的担忧，
他们通常是在担心本国最优秀、 最聪明的人前往发
达国家的“硅谷”、 医院和大学之后本国的前景。 英国、 加拿大和澳大利亚这样的国家给予 了大学毕业生优先的移民，试图吸引的就是这些优秀的劳动者。 大量调查表明，发展中国家中受过良好教育的人们更倾向于移民。 庭的大规模调查显示，接近
2004年，一项对印度家
25岁以上的
40%的印度移民接受过高中以上的教育，而年龄在
印度人当中受过高中以上教育的人只有 3.3%。“人才流失”一直困扰着落后国家的制
使其失去急需的技术人才， 而这些人本应
定者。 他们担心这种状况会损害本国的经济发展，
当留在国内教书、行医，并创造出新的先进产品让本国的工厂生产制造。
三十七 .
2013 年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析
Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; 1) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles,
these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
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One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a of the turning world, however
” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. 2) A sacred place of peace,
crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.
This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the
former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one ’s relation to one effect
’s environment. 3) The gardens of the homeless which are in
homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn ’t exist
discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we
are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, 4) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some
psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is
unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal lift, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of
stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. 5) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the
use of word garden, though in a constructions. In
“liberated
” sense, to describe these synthetic
them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life —assuming uncanny representational forms.
翻译
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1.然而，人们在观看那些无家可归者所创建的花园的照片时，会感到深深的震撼。虽然这些 花园风格迥异，却在装饰和创造性表达之外透露出了其他多种基本的人类诉求。
2.无论地方多么简陋，寻求一片静谧的圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的则仅仅是避难 栖息之所。
3.无家可归者的花园实际上是无家可归的， 的环境形式。
却给城市带来一种以前没有的或者并非如此明显
4.我们大多数人会陷入精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发 现自己置身在一座花园之中，烦闷如变魔术般消除殆尽。
5.即使“花园”一词的使用在某种意义上有些随性， 达，证明了用其来描述这些人造建筑是完全合乎情理的。
但正是这种对自然的或含蓄或明确的表
三十八 .
2013 年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析
Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I
’ve been able to do this since I was four.
I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does-try to put it to one side. I don just because my memory
clearer. Powerful memory doesn the day
’t think it
’s harder for me
’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall
my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way. 翻译：
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我能从过去的 53 年中挑选一个时间，并且立即知道我（那时）所处的位置，（那时）新闻 中发生的事件，甚至那天是星期几。我具有这种能力可以追溯到我
4 岁的时候。
对于我大脑接收的信息，我从来没有感到难以把握。我的大脑似乎能够处理（一切信息）， 而且这些信息都被有条理的保存。
当我想到悲伤的事情， 我像其他所有人一样， 努力把它们
放到一边（以免影响我）。就是因为我的记忆是比较清晰的有条理的，所以，我认为那些信 息（对我来说） 都不很困难。我强大的记忆力没有让我的情绪变得更敏感或者更真切。 （清晰地）回忆起我祖父过世的那天的情景以及祖父去世前我们大家去医院看望他时的悲伤。 我还能（清晰地）记得同一天在 脑海长久不衰。
三十九 .
2014 年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析 Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)
Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same
Broadway上演的音乐剧《头发》——它们都同样地在我的
我能
person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical,but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is
precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.1) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do
is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.
Beethoven ’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure.
Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained
by the weight of convention. 2) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven ’s music.
His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 3)
Beethoven ’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly followinitg with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
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Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and
wrong affecting the entire society.4) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him,was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought
and of personal expression.
Beethoven ’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica
Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 5) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living. 答案
1. 这也是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时， 而不能完全理解音乐本身。 【句型分析】本句主句主干为
it is the reason，why 引导定语从句，修饰 the reason。定语从句
我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受，
的主干是 all we can do is articulate our reactions and not grasp music itse，lf 其表语是不定式短语， 由于主语中含有 do，不定式符号 to 省略：articulate our reactions and not grasp music itsel。f our reactions之后 to it 为其定语， it 指代 music。定语从句中还包含 【翻译要点】①本句主干的主句是主系表结构，
when 引导的时间状语从句。
reason后 why 引导的定语从句较长， 翻译时
. 。
可以与主干部分结合，调整表达为：这也就是为什么⋯ ②定语从句中， when 引导时间状语从句，其中
with words 做状语，翻译时需调整语序到其
修饰的 to describe 之前，可以表达为“当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时”。定语从句的主干 顺译即可，其中 reaction 根据语境，可以翻译为“感受”，其定语
to it 在表达时前置， it 指
代还原为“音乐”， 则可以翻译为“所有我们能做的， 就是明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”， 或者调整表达为“我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”。 要翻译为“理解”
2. 人们普遍认为，他（贝多芬）是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质，是 理解他作品的关键，更不必说是演出其作品的关键。 【句型分析】本句为并列句。第一个分句
he was a freethinking person, and a courageous on，e
and 之后，grasp依据语境， 需
句首 by all accounts为固定搭配， 意思是“根据各方面说”。 第二个分句的主干为 I find courage an essential quality，其中宾语为 courage，而 an essential quality是宾语补足语。 quality 后介词短
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语 for the understanding of his work 为其定语，其中还包含一个插入结构 performance。
【翻译要点】①第一个分句结构比较简单，句首固定搭配 译为“据大家所说”。主干顺译即可，其中
let alone the
by all accounts，可以调整表达，翻
he 指代“贝多芬”， one 指代 person。这一部分
可以翻译为“贝多芬是个思想自由、充满勇气的人”。 ②第二个分句，主干为“我发现勇气是一个关键品质”，
quality 后为其定语 for the
understanding of his work，其中 the understanding of his work 意思为“对于其作品的理解”， 把词性转化后，可以表达为“理解其作品”，这个介词短语需要调整语序前置于 以翻译为“理解他作品的关键品质”，
则第二个分句可以表达为“我发现勇气，
quality，可 是理解他作
品的关键品质”。还可以调整表达为“我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键”。 ③在定语 for the understanding of his work 中的插入成分，在逻辑上
let alone并列 the
understanding和 the performance，二者共用定语 of his works ，顺译句末即可：更不必说是演 出其作品的关键品质。
3. 贝多芬习惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段，在他之前，作曲家很 少使用这种方式。
【句型分析】 本句主干为 Beethoven ’ s habit was used by composers before him本句的谓语为 被动语态，主语 habit 后介词短语 of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage 为其定语， 是由介词 of 与 and 并列的两个动名词 短语 increasing the volume with an extreme intensity 和 then abruptly following it with a sudden soft
passage构成。
【翻译要点】①本句主干较为简单，但是主语 the volume
⋯ ，其中“
habit 后有很长的后置定语： Habit of increasing
。
habit ”可以词性转换为动词“习惯”，而中文常常先表达次要信 ，息
with
则这一部分可以翻译一句话“贝多芬习惯增加⋯ ”，置于句首。第一个动名词短语中， an extreme intensity为状语，表达时需调整语序到其修 的饰volume 意思为“音量”，则
increasing the volume前，根据语境，
increasing可以翻译为“增高”。这一部分可以翻译为“最大限
then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage ，
度来逐渐增高音量”。第二个动名词短语
状语 with a sudden soft passage需调整到 following it 前表达，其中 passage根据语境，意思为 “乐段”。则这一部分可以表达为“然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段”。整合本句主语与其定语， 可以翻译为“贝多芬习惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段”。 ②本句主干意思为“在他之前，
作曲家很少使用贝多芬的习惯”。
中文语义重心在后， 将本
部分翻译在句末即可。由于前句译文已经提到这种习惯，则这部分可以表达为“在他之前， 作曲家很少使用这种习惯”，结合语境还可以表达为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种方 式”，或者“在他之前，只有极个别作曲家会使用这种方式”。
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4. 尤为重要的是贝多芬对于自由的看法，他认为，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任联系起 来的：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。 【句型分析】本句为完全倒装，主句的主干是
his view of freedom was Especially significant。
freedom，关系代词 which 在
his view of freedom 后为 which 引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰
定语从句中作主语。 of the individual 修饰 the rights and responsibilities，冒号后进行解释说明。 【翻译要点】
①本句主干为完全倒装，但是在翻译时，顺译即可，其中 表达为：尤为重要的是，他（贝多芬）对于自由的看法⋯
his 指代“贝多芬的”，主干可以
. 。
②which 引导定语从句，修饰 freedom，表达时翻译成另一句话“对于他而言，这种自由是 与个人的权利和责任联系起来的”，其中
for him 还可以调整表达为“他认为”。
③冒号后进行解释，可以翻译为：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。
5．我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使 得生命值得继续。
【句型分析】 本句主句主干为 One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven ，之后 by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living 为状语，修饰 interpret。
其中 that 引导宾语从句 suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living ，
为 saying的宾语，宾语从句中 it 指代 suffering。 【翻译要点】①本句主语
one，可以翻译为“人们”或者“我们”。主干可以翻译为“我们
可以解释贝多芬的大部分作品”。
②主干之后的状语， 可以翻译为“通过说痛苦是无法避免的， 命值得继续。”
③整合主干， 可以表达为“我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品： 是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。”
苦难是不可避免的， 但
但是与之相抗争的勇气使得生
四十.
2014 年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析
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Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that perpetually hal
that ’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn ’t rec “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.
-Shahar, a”HasarvyasrdTaplroBfeenssor,
’s
According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel
winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture,leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn there is perspectiv
’t. Finally,
which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn 翻译
大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，
就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。
但那是一种绝不
会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。哈佛大学的 义，意味着要处于现实之中。”在
Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主
Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者， 会尽最大努力做好
一件事，而不是相信每件事都会有最好的结果。
Ben-Shahar 会进行三种乐观方面的练习。 比如说， 当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲， 感到心情郁 闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是人之常情。他会提醒自己：并不是每一次演讲都可以获 贝尔获，总会有一些演讲比其它演讲效果差。接着是重塑，他分析了这个效果不好的演讲， 并且从那些起作用和不起作用的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。最 点，那就是承认，在广阔的生命当中，一次演讲根本算不上什么。
后，需要有这样一种观
得诺
四十一 .
2015 年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析 Section III Translation
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. 1) This
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movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivation, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
2) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic
came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.
3) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the
result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.
4）The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North
America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.
“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief, one recorder of events, a”new
The colonists its
“The air at twelve leagues
’ distance-sbmloewltnagsasrdweene.t as
’ first glimpse of the new land was aosfigdhetnse woods. 5) The virgin forest with
richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. 翻译
1.在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次
(移民)运动在一片荒野上建立了一个国家，并且就本质而
言，塑造了一个未知的性格和命运。
2.有两股主要力量形成了美国：一是欧洲民族带来的不同思想、风俗和民族特征，二是这个 新国家在改变这些特征之后造成的影响。
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3.但是，美国特有的地理条件、不同种族间的相互影响、以及在这片蛮荒的新上维持旧 秩序的万分艰难，带来了巨大的变化。
4.十五、十六世纪的探索发现了北美洲，又过了一百多年，第一艘满载移民的航船跨过大西 洋驶向这片土地，即现在的美国。
5.原始森林树木种类繁多，是一座真正的宝库，从缅因州向南一直延伸至乔治亚州。
四十二 .
2015 年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析 Section III Translation
46. Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
Think about driving a route that ’s very familiar. It could be your comminutes to work, a trip into
town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist step turn like the back of your hand. On these steps of trips it ltess
time than it actually has.
This is the well-travelled road effect. People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don
’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterward, when
’t remember the journey well because we
’s easy to lose concentration is that you p e r cr iepi vhea tshtaatktehne
we come to think back on it, we can
didn ’t pa
attention to it. So we assume it was shorter. 翻译
想想看在一条非常熟悉的路上驾驶的感觉， 何，你会熟悉路上的每一个迂回曲折。
这可能发生在上班， 进城或回家的路上。 无论如
在这类旅行中， 我们很容易会分散注意力并且不太关
注路边的风景。结果就是你误以为旅途比实际所用的时间要少。
这是美妙的旅程所产生的效果：人们往往会低估在熟悉的旅程中所用掉的时间。 我们分散注意力的方式会导致这种结果。
当我们在知名的路途中行驶时， 我们不必过于集中
精力，时间似乎过得飞快。随后，当我们回想整个过程时，由于没有特别留神，会变得印象 模糊。此时，我们似乎会觉得这段旅程会更短些。
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四十三 ,
2016 年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析 Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Mental health is our birthright. (1) we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us
in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack
of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (2) Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily
hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.
Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem -confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in
our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too
seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a
form of innate or unlearned optimism. (3) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who
they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our
surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the
beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives. (4)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see
that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in
the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (5) As you will come to
see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to
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the moment and live life happily. 翻译
1、我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知 道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。
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【解析】分号连接两个句子：第一个句子主干为 we don ’ t have to learn how 引，导宾语从句
it is built into us，其中代词 it 指代前
作 learn 的宾语，其中 how 表示方式 ;第二个句子主干为
句提及的 mental health; in the same way表示方式， that 引导定语从句，其中又嵌套了how 引 导的宾语从句，作
know 的宾语。
2、心理健康不会去往他方。如同乌云可能蔽日，心理健康可能会暂时隐藏于视，但 外之线它完全可以在须臾之间复原如初。
【解析】 分号连接两个句子： 第一个句子为主谓结构的简 句单并列分句，表达转折关系，主干为
;第二个句子为 but 连接的两个
it can be hidden, but it is capable of being restored，其中介词
短语 like the sun behind a cloud表示比喻。 in an instant：立刻，立即。 3、心理健康使我们在他人陷入危难之时给予同情，痛苦不已时给予善意，无论对谁，都能 给予无条件的爱。 【解析】本句主干为： 词短语
mental health allows us to view others
⋯ ，三个w并ith列..表的介
示伴随。其中分别嵌套了if 引导的两个条件状语从句和no matter who 引导的让步状语从句。 4、尽管心理健康是人们度过一生的一剂万能良药，但它又普通不已，因为当你需要做 艰出难决定时，都可感受到它的存在。
【解析】 句子主干是 it is perfectly ordinary。it 指代前文提及的 mental health;although引导让步 状语从句，其主干为 mental health is the cure-al。l as引导原因状语从句， 其主干为 you will see;that 引导从句做see的宾语， 其主干为 it has been there to direct you。cure-all：合成名词， 万灵药。 5、就像你会渐渐明白， 深悉心理健康一直触手可得并且值得信任， 活在当下，幸福生活。 【解析】句子主干是
knowing that
⋯ and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment
使我们能放慢生活脚步，
and live life happily。两个动名词结构knowing ⋯ 并列作主句的主语，其中 that 引导的宾语从 句作 knowing 的宾语。句首的 as引导非性定语从句，修饰整个主句，翻译时可以处理 为“就像⋯ ，正如⋯ ”。
四十四 .
2016 年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析 Section III Translation
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Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the
more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally-which is the point at
which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying. 翻译
超市旨在吸引顾客在自己店内停留尽量长的时间。
原因很简单： 顾客在店里停留的时间越长，
超市有大量商品。根据食品营
看到的商品就会越多；而看到的商品越多，你就会买的越多。
销研究院所说， 普通超市大概有 44000种不同的商品； 很多超市更是会比普通超市多上万种 商品。 众多选择足以让顾客面临各种信息，不堪重负。根据脑部扫描实验， 决定很快就会使我们难以承受。大约购物
需要做这么多的
40 分钟以后，大部分顾客就无法试图做出理性的
选择，而会冲动购物 --此时，在购物车里，我们已经装了一半根本没想买的东西。
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