水利专业名词(中英文对照)

水利专业名词（中英）

A

安全储备 safety reserve

安全系数 safety factor

安全性 safety

岸边溢洪道 river—bank spillway

岸边绕渗 by—pass seepage around bank slope

岸墙 abutment wall

岸塔式进水口 bank—tower intake

B

坝的上游面坡度 upstream slpoe of dam

坝的下游面 downstream face of dam

坝顶 dam crest

坝顶长度 crest length

坝顶超高 freeboard of dam crest

坝高 dam height

坝顶高程 坝顶宽度 坝段 坝基处理 坝基排水 坝基渗漏 坝肩 坝壳 坝坡 坝坡排水 crest elevation

crest width

monolith

foundation treatment

drain in dam foundation

leakage of dam foundation

dam abutment

dam shell

dam slope

drain on slope

坝体混凝土分区 grade zone of concrete in dam

坝体排水系统 drainage system in dam

坝型选择 selection of dam type

坝址选择 坝趾 坝踵 坝轴线 本构模型 鼻坎 比尺 比降 闭门力 边墩 selection of dam site

dam toe

dam heel

dam axis

constitutive model

bucket

scale

gradient

closing force

side pier

边界层 boundary layer

边墙 side wall

边缘应力 boundary stress

变形观测 deformation observation

变中心角变半径拱坝 variable angle and radius arch dam

标准贯入试验击数 number of standard penetration test

冰压力 ice pressure

薄壁堰 sharp—crested weir

薄拱坝 thin—arch dam

不均匀沉降裂缝 differential settlement crack

不平整度 irregularity

C

材料力学法 method of strength of materials

材料性能分项系数 partial factor for property of material

侧槽溢洪道 side channel spillway

侧轮 side roller

侧收缩系数 测缝计 插入式连接 差动式鼻坎 掺气 掺气槽 掺气减蚀 厂房顶溢流 沉降 沉井基础 coefficient of side contraction

joint meter

insert type connection

differential bucket

aeration

aeration slot

cavitation control by aeration

spill over power house

settlement

sunk shaft foundation

沉沙池 sediment basin

沉沙建筑物 sedimentary structure

沉沙条渠 sedimentary channel

沉陷缝 settlement joint

沉陷观测 settlement observation

衬砌的边值问题 boundary value problem of lining

衬砌计算 lining calculation

衬砌自重 dead—weight of lining

承载能力 bearing capacity

承载能力极限状态 limit state of bearing capacity

持住力 holding force

齿墙 cut—off wall

冲击波 shock wave

冲沙闸 flush sluice

冲刷坑 scour hole

重现期 return period

抽排措施 pump drainage measure

抽水蓄能电站厂房 pump-storage power house

出口段 outlet section

初步设计阶段 preliminary design stage

初参数解法 preliminary parameter solution

初生空化数 incipient cavitation number

初应力法 initial stress method

船闸 navigation lock

垂直升船机 vertical ship lift

纯拱法 independent arch method

次要建筑物 secondary structure

刺墙 key-wall

粗粒土 coarse-grained soil

错缝 staggered joint

D

大坝安全评价 assessment of dam safety

大坝安全监控 monitor of dam safety

大坝老化 dam aging

大头坝 massive-head dam

单层衬砌 monolayer lining

单级船闸 lift lock

单线船闸 single line lock

挡潮闸 tide sluice

挡水建筑物 retaining structure

导流洞 diversion tunnel

导墙 guide wall

倒虹吸管 inverted siphon

倒悬度 overhang

等半径拱坝 constant radius arch dam

等中心角变半径拱坝 constant angle and variable radius arch dam

底流消能 energy dissipation by hydraulic jump

底缘 bottom edge

地基变形 foundation deformation

地基变形模量 deformation modulus of foundation

地基处理 foundation treatment

地下厂房 underground power house

地下厂房变压器洞transformer tunnel of underground power house

地下厂房出线洞 bus—bar tunnel of underground power house

地下厂房交通洞 access tunnel of underground power house

地下厂房通风洞 地下厂房尾水洞 地下轮廓线 地下水 地形条件 地形图比例尺 地应力 地震 地震烈度 地质条件 ventilation tunnel of underground power house

tailwater tunnel of underground power house

under outline of structure

groundwater

topographical condition

scale of topographical map

ground stress

earthquake

earthquake intensity

geological condition

垫层 cushion

垫座 plinth

吊耳 lift eye

调度 dispatch

跌坎 drop—step

跌流消能 drop energy dissipation

跌水 drop

迭代法 iteration method

叠梁 stoplog

丁坝 spur dike

定向爆破堆石坝 directed blasting rockfill dam

动强度 dynamic strength

动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure

洞内孔板消能 energy dissipation by orifice plate in tunnel

洞内漩流消能 energy dissipation with swirling flow in tunnel

洞身段 tunnel body section

洞室群 cavern group

洞轴线 tunnel axis

陡坡 steep slope

渡槽

短管型进水口 intake with pressure short pipe

断层 fault

堆石坝 rockfill dam

对数螺旋线拱坝log spiral arch dam

多级船闸 multi-stage lock

多线船闸 multi—line lock

多心圆拱坝 multi-centered arch dam

多用途隧洞 multi—use tunnel

E

二道坝 secondary dam

F

发电洞 power tunnel

筏道 logway

反弧段 bucket

反滤层 filter

防冲槽 erosion control trench

防洪 flood preventi，flood control

防洪水位 restricted stage for flood prevention

防浪墙 parapet

防渗墙 anti—seepage wall

防渗体 anti-seepage body

放空底孔 unwatering bottom outlet

非常溢洪道 emergency spillway

非线性有限元 non-linear finite element method

非溢流重力坝 nonoverflow gravity dam

分岔 fork

分洪闸 flood diversion sluice

分项系数 partial factor

分项系数极限状态设计法 limit state design method of partial factor

封拱 arch closure

封拱温度 closure temperature

浮筒式升船机ship lift with floats

浮箱闸门 floating camel gate

浮运水闸 floating sluice

辅助消能工 appurtenant energy dissipation

G

刚体极限平衡法 rigid limit equilibrium method

刚性支护 rigid support

钢筋混凝土衬砌 reinforced concrete lining

钢筋计 reinforcement meter

钢闸门 steel gate

高边坡 high side slope

高流速泄水隧洞 discharge tunnel with high velocity

工程管理 project management

工程规划 project plan

工程量 quantity of work

工程设计 engineering design

工程施工 engineering construction

工作桥 service bridge

工作闸门 main gate

拱坝坝肩岩体稳定 stability of rock mass near abutment of arch dam

拱坝布置 layout of arch dam

拱坝上滑稳定分析 up—sliding stability analysis of arch dam

拱坝体形 shape of arch dam

拱端 arch abutment

拱冠 arch crown

拱冠梁法 crown cantilever method

拱冠梁剖面 profile of crown cantilever

拱内圈 intrados

拱外圈 extrados

固结 consolidation

固结灌浆 管涌 灌溉 规范 过坝建筑物 过滤层 过渡区 过木机 过木建筑物 过鱼建筑物 consolidation grouting

piping

irrigation

code，specification

structures for passing dam

transition layer

transition zone

log conveyer

log pass structures

fish-pass structures

H

海漫 flexible

涵洞 culvert

河道冲刷 荷载 荷载组合 横缝 横拉闸门 洪水标准 虹吸溢洪道厚高比 弧形闸门 护岸工程 river bed scour

load

load combination

transverse joint

horizontal rolling /sliding gate

flood standard

siphon spillway

thickness to hight ratio

radial gate

bank—protection works

护坡 slope protection

护坦 apron

戽琉消能 bucke—type energy dissipation

滑坡 land slip

滑楔法 sliding wedge method

滑雪道式溢洪道 skijump spillway

环境评价 environment assessment

换土垫层 cushion of replaced soil

回填灌浆 backfill grouting

混凝土 concrete

混凝土衬砌 concrete lining

混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall

混凝土面板 concrete face slab

混凝土面板堆石坝 concrete-faced rockfill dam

混凝土重力坝 concrete gravity dam

J

基本荷载组合 basic load combination

基本剖面 basic profile

基面排水 base level drainage

激光准直发 method of laser alignment

极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method

极限状态 limit state

坚固系数 soundness coefficient

剪切模量 shear modulus

剪切应力 shear stress

检查 inspection

检修闸门 bulkhead

简单条分法 simple slices method

建筑材料 construction material

简化毕肖普法 simplified Bishop’s method

渐变段 transition

键槽 key/key—way

浆砌石重力坝 cement-stone masonry gravity dam

交叉建筑物 crossing structure

交通桥 access bridge

校核洪水位 water level of check floo

校核流量 check flood discharge

接触冲刷 contact washing

接触流土 soil flow on contact surface

节制闸 controlling sluice

结构可靠度 reliability of structure

结构力学法 structural mechanics method

结构系数 截流环 截水槽 进口段 进口曲线 进水喇叭口 进水闸 浸润面 浸润线 经济评价 structural coefficient

cutoff collar

cutoff trench

inlet

inlet curve

inlet bellmouth

inlet sluice

saturated area

saturated line

economic assessment

井式溢洪道 shaft spillway

静水压力 hydrostatic pressure

均质土坝 homogeneous earth dam

K

开敞式溢洪道 open channel spillway

开裂机理 crack mechanism

勘测 exploration survey

坎上水深 water depth on sill

抗冲刷性 scour resistance

抗冻性 frost resistance

抗滑稳定安全系数 safety coefficient of stability against sliding

抗剪断公式 shear-break strength formula

抗剪强度 shear strength

抗裂性 crack resistance

抗磨 abrasion-resistance

抗侵蚀性 erosion—resistance

抗震分析 analysis of earthquake resistance

颗粒级配曲线 grain size distribution curve

可靠度指标 reliability index

可行性研究设计阶段 design stage of feasibility study

空腹重力坝 hollow gravity dam

空腹拱坝 hollow arch dam

空化 cavitation

空化数 cavitation number

空蚀 cavitation damage

空隙水压力 pore water pressure

控制堰 control weir

枯水期 low water period

库区 reservoir area

宽顶堰 宽缝重力坝 宽高比 扩散段 扩散角 L

拦沙坎 拦污栅 廊道 浪压力 broad crested weir

slotted gravity dam

width to height ratio

expanding section

divergent angle

sediment control sill

trash rack

gallery

wave pressure

棱体排水 prism drainage

理论分析 theory analysis

力法方程 canonical equation of force method

连续式鼻坎 plain bucket

联合消能 combined energy dissipation

梁式渡槽 beam-type flume

量水建筑物 water-measure structure

裂缝 crack

临界水力坡降 critical hydraulic gradient

临时缝 temporary joint

临时性水工建筑物temporary hydraulic structure

流量 discharge

流速 flow velocity

流态 flow pattern

流土 soil flow

流网 flow net

流向 露顶式闸门 M

马蹄形断面 脉动压力 锚杆支护 门叶 迷宫堰 面流消能 模型试验 flow direction

emersed gate

horseshoe section

fluctuating pressure

anchor support

gate flap

labyrinth weir

energy dissipation of surface regime

model test

摩擦公式 friction factor formula

摩擦系数 coefficient of friction

目标函数 objective function

N

内部应力 internal stress

内摩擦角 internal friction angle

内水压力 internal water pressure

挠度观测 deflection observation

泥沙压力 silt pressure

粘性土 cohesive soil

碾压混凝土重力坝 roller compacted concrete gravity dam

凝聚力 cohesion

扭曲式鼻坎 distorted type bucket

P

排沙底孔 flush bottom outlet

排沙漏斗 flush funnel

排沙隧洞 flush tunnel

排水 drainage

排水孔 drain hole

排水设施 drainage facilities

抛物线拱坝 parabolic arch dam

喷混凝土支护shotcrete support

喷锚支护 spray concrete and deadman strut

漂木道 log chute

平板坝 flat slab buttress dam

平衡重式升船机vertical ship lift with counter weight

平面闸门 plain gate

平压管 equalizing pipe

坡率 slope ratio

破碎带 crush zone

铺盖 blanket

Q

启闭机 hoist

启门力 lifting force

砌石拱坝 stone masonry arch dam

潜坝 submerged dam

潜孔式闸门 submerged gate

倾斜仪 clinometer

曲线形沉沙池 curved sedimentary basin

渠首 canal head

渠道 canal

渠系建筑物 canal system structure

取水建筑物 water intake structure

R

人工材料心墙坝earth—rock dam with manufactured central core

人字闸门 mitre gate

任意料区 miscellaneous aggregate zone

溶洞 solution cavern

柔度系数 flexibility coefficient

褥垫式排水 horizontal blanket drainage

软弱夹层 weak intercalation

S

三角网法 triangulation method

三角形单元 triangular element

三心圆拱坝 three center arch dam

三轴试验 扇形闸门 上游 设计洪水位 设计基准期 设计阶段 设计阶段划分 设计流量 设计状况系数 设计准则 triaxial test

sector gate

upstream

design flood level

design reference period

design stage

dividing of design stage

design discharge

design state coefficient

design criteria

伸缩缝 contraction joint

渗流比降 seepage gradient

渗流变形 seepage deformation

渗流分析 渗流量 渗流体积力 渗流系数 生态环境 生态平衡 失效概率 施工导流 施工缝 施工管理 seepage analysis

seepage discharge

mass force of seepage

permeability coefficient

ecological environment

ecological balance

probability of failure

construction diversion

construction joint

construction management

施工条件 construction condition

施工图阶段 construction drawing stage

施工进度 construction progress

实体重力坝 实用剖面 实用堰 事故闸门 视准线法 收缩段 枢纽布置 输水建筑物 竖式排水 数值分析 solid gravity dam

practical profile

practical weir

emergency gate

collimation method

constringent section

layout of hydraulic complex

water conveyance structure

vertical drainage

numerical analysis

双层衬砌 double—layer lining

双曲拱坝 double curvature arch dam

水电站地下厂房 underground power house

水电站建筑物 水垫塘 水工建筑物 水工隧洞 水环境 水库吹程 水库浸没 水库渗漏 水库坍岸 水库淹没 hydroelectric station structure

cushion basin

hydraulic structure

hydraulic tunnel

water environment

fetch

reservoir submersion

reservoir leakage

reservoir bank caving

reservoir inundation

水力资源 water power resource

水力劈裂 hydraulic fracture

水利工程 hydraulic engineering，water project

水利工程设计 design of hydroproject

水利工程枢纽分等 rank of hydraulic complex

水利枢纽 hydraulic complex

水面线 water level line

水能 hydraulic energy

水平位移 horizontal displacement

水体污染 water pollution

水土流失 water and soil loss

水位急降 instantaneous reservoir drawdown

水压力 hydraulic pressu

水闸 sluice

水质 water quality

水资源 water resources

顺坝 四边形单元 塑性破坏 塑性变形 塑性区 锁坝 锁定器 T

T型墩 塌落拱法 longitudinal dike

quadrangular element

failure by plastic flow

plastic deformation

plastic range

closure dike

dog device

T-type pier

roof collapse arch method

塔式进水口 tower intake

台阶式溢流坝面 step—type overflow face

弹塑性理论 elastoplastic theory

弹性基础梁 弹性抗力 弹性中心 弹性理论 特殊荷载组合 体形优化设计 挑距 挑流消能 挑射角 调压室 beam on elastic foundation

elastic resistance

elastic centre

theory of elasticity

special load combination

shape optimizing design

jet trajectory distance

ski-jump energy dissipation

exit angle of jet

surge tank

贴坡排水 surface drainage on dam slope

通航建筑物 navigation structure

通气孔 air hole

土工复合材料 geosynthetic

土工膜 geomembrane

土工织物 geotexile

土石坝 earth—rock dam

土压力 earth pressure

土质材料斜墙坝 earth—rock dam with inclined soil core

土质心墙坝 earth-rock dam with central soil core

驼峰堰 hump weir

椭圆曲线 elliptical curve

W

WES型剖面堰 WES curve profile weir

外水压力 external water pressure

弯矩平衡 moment equilibrium

围岩 围岩强度 围岩稳定分析

围岩压力 帷幕灌浆 维修 尾水渠 温度缝 温度计 温度应变 surrounding rock

strength of surrounding rock

surrounding rock pressu

curtain grouting

maintenance

tailwater canal

temperature joint

thermometer

temperature strain

温度应力 temperature stress

温降 temperature drop

温升 temperature rise

污水处理 无坝取水 无粘性土 无压泄水孔 X

下游 现场检查 橡胶坝 消力池 消能防冲设计 sewage treatment

undamed intake

cohesionless soil

free—flow outlet

downstream

field inspection

rubber dam

stilling basin

design of energy dissipation and erosion control

消能工 energy dissipator

校核洪水位 water level of check flood

校核流量 check flood discharge

斜缝 斜墙 泄洪洞 泄洪雾化 泄水重力坝 胸墙 悬臂梁 汛期 Y

压力计 inclined joint

inclined core

flood discharge tunnel

flood discharge atomization

overflow gravity dam

breast wall

cantiever beam

flood perio

pressure meter

压缩曲线 compressive curve

淹没系数 coefficient of submergence

扬压力 uplift

养护 液化 溢洪道 溢流面 溢流前缘 溢流堰顶 溢流重力坝 翼墙 翼墙式连接 引航道 cure

liquifaction

spillway

overflow face

length of overflow crest

overflow crest

overflow gravity dam

wing wall

wing wall type connection

approach channel

引水渠 diversion canal

引张线法 tense wire method

应力分析 stress analysis

应力集中 stress concentration

应力应变观测 stress—strain observation

应力重分布 stress redistribution

永久缝 permanent joint

优化设计 optimizing design

有坝取水 barrage intake

有效库容 effective storage

预压加固 soil improvement by preloading

预应力衬砌 prestressed lining

原型 prototype

约束条件 constraint condition

允许水力坡降allowable hydraulic gradient

Z

增量法 increment method

闸底板 floor of slui

闸墩 pier

闸孔 sluice opening

闸孔跨距 span of sluice opening

闸门槽 gate slot

闸室 chamber of sluice

闸首 lock head

闸址 sluice site

正槽溢洪道 chute spillw

正常使用极限状态 limit state of normal operation

正应力 normal stress

正常溢洪道 main spillw

支墩坝 止水 止水装置 趾板 趾墩 滞回圈 主应力 纵缝 阻尼比 作用 buttress dam

watertight seal

sealing device

toe slab

toe pier

hysteresis loop

principal stress

longitudinal joint

damped ratio

action

作用水头 working pressure head

最优含水率 optimum moisture content