五疑问代词和连接代词

五、疑问代词和连接代词

疑问代词

疑问代词有下面这些：

who whom whose what which

who 和 whom 的用法 （who 是主格 whom 是宾格）：

a. who 可以用作主语或表语：

Who would like to go with us?

Who is that girl?

b. whom 可以用作宾语或介词宾语：

Whom did you see?

Whom is he writing to?

在口语中都用 who 代替whom:

Who did you meet at the party?

Who did you go with?

在紧跟介词时只能用宾格 whom:

To whom should I write?

With whom did she come?

Whose 是所有格，表示“谁的”，可用作：

a. 主语：

Whose is that farm (over) yonder?

Whose is better, yours or hers?

b. 表语：

Whose are these?

c. 宾语：

Whose are you going to borrow?

( whose 一般很少单独使用，通常加上名词使用。)

What 和 which 可在句中用作：

a. 主语：

What’s your plan, then?

Which of them came late?

b. 宾语:

What can we do about it?

Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?

c. 介词宾语:

Which of them should I speak to?

What’s all this about? 这一切是怎么回事？

d. What和which 加上名词后就变成限定词/定语：

What color are the curtains?

Which way should we go?

What 还可用作表语，表示“职业”：

What’s your brother?

Whoever, whatever, 是who 和what 的强调形式：

Whoever heard of such a thing?

Whatever do you mean?

连接代词

疑问代词在引起从句时，都称为连who/whom/what/where/when/why/how, 它们可以引起：

a. 主语从句：

It hasn’t been announced who won the prizes.

It is clear enough what she meant.

b. 宾语从句：

I don’t care what they think.

Ask her which he wants.

接代词，包括

c. 表语从句

The question is who (whom) we should trust.

What I want to know is which road we should take.

连接代词还可以引起不定式，都用作宾语或介词宾语：

Tell him what to do.

Lucy can’t decide which to choose.

They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect.

关系代词型的what

What 有时作用接近关系代词，可引起从句。表示”the thing which---”, 相当于一个名词+ 定语从句，例如：

What I want to buy (= The thing a want to buy )is this.

This is what I bought (= the thing I bought).

这种what 可称为关系代词型的 what (relative what)。因为在意思上它仿佛包含了一个关系代词。它引起的从句可以在句中作：

a. 主语

What I say goes! 我说了算！

What is over is over. 过去的事就过去了。

b. 宾语

I cannot do what they ask of us.

I couldn’t express what I felt.

c. 介词的宾语

He can’t give a description of what he had seen.

I was not happy at what he had said.

d. 表语

That’s what I hope.

That’s what you should always keep in mind.

e. 插入语

She wore, what was very uncommon in this country, a mink fur coat. 貂皮大衣

She happened to be home and what was rarer, disengaged.

她碰巧在家，而且没有什么事， 这是更加少有的。

在从句中what 有时用作定语：

What friends he has are out of the country. 他有的那些朋友全在国外。

They collected what information they could find.

由 ever 构成的连接代词

Who, what, which 都可和ever 构成连接代词（也被称作连词），多引起状语从句。表示“不管------”：

I’ll find the person who did this, whoever he is.

Whatever happens, I’m going.

Whichever road you take , the drive won’t be more than an hour.

这类代词还可以表示“任何------的人（或物）”，在句中可用作：

a. 主语

Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage.

Whichever you want is yours. 任何东西你想要就归你。

b. 宾语

I just say whatever comes into my head. 我想说什么就说什么。

Take whichever seat you like.

c. 介词宾语

I want to speak to whoever is in charge.

She might live in whichever room she liked. 她愿意住哪个房间都可以。

（whenever, wherever, however 是连接词，但不是代词。）