底水油藏水平井开发见水后生产动态预测
文章编号:1000-2634(2002)02-0012-03
底水油藏水平井开发见水后生产动态预测
程林松,张健琦,李春兰
(石油大学石油工程系,北京昌平102200)
Ξ
摘要:水平井技术是开发底水油藏、延长油井见水时间与提高底水油藏采收率的一项重要技术,但是水平井见水后的动态预测与控制是这项技术的难点。在前人研究的基础上建立了一个水平井开发底水油藏的简化物理模型,并从此模型出发经过推导与简化得到了一个简单易行的水平井开发底水油藏见水后动态生产规律的预测方法,并编制了计算机程序,结合华北任丘油田水平井实际生产情况进行了预测分析与应用。从实例预测对比结果可以看出,该方法预测精度令人满意。
关键词:水平井;底水油藏;动态监测;方法
中图分类号:TE349 文献标识码:A引 言
在底水油藏的开发过程中,最大的问题就是底水锥进。随着地下原油的不断采出,由于油水密度不同,底水会向上凸起,形成底水锥进。当油水接触面的最高点(WOC)恰好与井筒接触时,此时油井的产量称之为临界产量。大于临界产量生产时,油井就会见水。在同等产量下,由于水平井生产压差小于直井生产压差,所以与直井相比,水平井能够延长油井见水时间,提高油藏的最终采收率,这也是目前水平井技术在国内外油田得到广泛应用的原因之一[1]。
随着开采时间的延长,水平井的临界产量会越来越小,出于经济效益的考虑,水平井的产量不能始终控制在临界产量以下,到一定时候,其产量要大于临界产量,油井见水。但是,由于底水锥进的机理十分复杂,对于临界产量可以用近似的解析解表示,但其见水后的生产动态则没有合适的解析解对其进行描述,而且水平井见水后,含水率上升很快,较直井更难控制[2],因此对水平井见水后的生产动态进行合理准确的预测致关重要。本文就是从这一要求出发,提出了一个精度较高的水平井见水后生产动态的预测方法。
1 模型建立
物理模型为一各向同性的均质箱式理想模型[3]
(如图1所示),模型中存在油水两相,没有气顶。水平井水平段平行于油水界面,油藏流体遵循达西定律,压力梯度为油藏中流体流动的主要动力,不考虑重力作用,不考虑毛管力作用。油水界面处的压力保持不变。
图1 水平井水脊示意图
2 预测方法
在很多情况下,无限期的在临界产量下生产是不可能和不经济的。此时,锥进时间就十分重要了。
Ξ收稿日期:2001-05-18
基金项目:中国石油天然气集团公司“99”滚动项目(990507-02)。
作者简介:程林松(1965-),男(汉族),湖北应城人,教授,博士,从事油藏数值模拟和油藏工程研究。
第2期 程林松等: 底水油藏水平井开发见水后生产动态预测 13Paoazacos等人[4]提出了预测水脊锥进时间的关系
其中
ni=1式,通过作lntDBT~lnqD曲线就可以预测锥进时间。
无因次见水时间:tDBT=1/(6qD)其中
tDBT—无因次见水时间;
qD—无因次产量,用下式计算:qD=
∑(qwΔt)
i
i
hw=
A<(1-Sor)
n
(4)
或
i=1190.511μoqoBoL
∑(qwWΔt)
i
ci
i
hw=
ΔρKvKhh
A<(1-Sor)
qoBw+1)×100%qwBo
(5)
将无因次见水时间与见水时间联系起来即可求得见水时间
μh 其中 tBT—见水时间,d; μm;Kv—垂向渗透率,μm;Kh—水平渗透率, L—水平段长度,m; 22 其中:Wci—某一产液量下的含水率。 Wci=1/( (6) 水平井的水脊问题是一个非常复杂的问题,考 虑到水平段长度、井筒位置、油藏特性以及泄油面积等诸多因素对油藏流体流动的影响,增加以下无因次参数V:V=[ AeKv×]0.5dLKh (7) μ—粘度,mPa.s; ρ—密度,g/cm3; q—产量,m/d;B—压缩系数;h—油层厚度,m。 3 其中Ae为一与泄油面形状相关的参数,在这里箱形油藏可取为A/3。将无因次参数V代入式(3)得 qwK′hw-hwBTKv0.5rwA/3=×(×ln[×]qoK′d-hw)dLKhro (8) 下标o表示为油相参数。 上述是常压边界,若锥进中重力平衡,在qD>0.4时 3qDtDBT=1-(3qD-1)ln 3qD-1 水平井见水的那一时刻,底水侵入区的平均厚度为 hwBT= QoBotBTA<(1-Sor) (2) 3 预测步骤 水平井开发底水油藏见水后,水平井的生产动态预测步骤如下: (1)利用式(1)计算水平井见水时间;(2)利用式(2)计算hwBT; (3)将预测时间t分成n段(i=1,…,n);(4)给出Wci的初值W′ci; (5)利用式(4)或(5)计算hw;(6)利用式(8)计算qw/qo;(7)利用式(6)计算Wci;(8)比较W′ci与Wci,如在误差允许范围内,继续下一步,否则返回第4步; (9)计算并记录tI时刻的累积产油、累积产水与含水率; (10)计算下一时间点ti=1,重复第4步到第9步。 其中 A—泄油面积;Sor—残余油饱和度。 当水平井见水后,我们应该可以预测出任意时刻下,某一产液量下的含水率。令: hw—时间t内底水侵入区的平均厚度; d—水平井井筒到原始油水界面(WOC)的垂 直距离。 由于模型中的流体流动遵循达西定律,且忽略了重力与毛管力的影响,综合各方面因素,得 qwK′hw-hwBTrw(3)=×( qoK′d-hw)ro 4 预测实例 图2和图3是华北油田一口水平井的实际生产 14西南石油学院学报 2002年表1 水平井见水规律实际与预测情况对比 生产时间实际含水预测含水 /月率/%率/% 0258102030405060708090100057.2479.4978.5282.285.5189.5492.2692.1493.688.5991.1391.3480.33035.7665.3573.4378.3588.3591.9594.0395.3996.1996.5996.9197.1197.29 情况与预测情况的对比分析(具体数据如表1所 示)。从图上可以看出,该预测方法的预测结果令人满意。 实际累积采水率/% 048.4164.5369.3372.5479.4382.6484.7886.3387.4487.6687.7787.8987.87 预测累积采水率/% 019.8244.4153.4959.6874.0380.0583.7186.2187.8888.5489.1589.6589.91 参考文献: [1] 万仁溥.中国不同类型油藏水平井开采技术[M].北 京:石油工业出版社,1998152-98. [2] 李和全,孟雅杰.水平井水脊推进过程的简化研究模型 [J].大庆石油学院学报,1994,(1):45-51. [3] 范子菲,傅秀娟.气顶底水油藏水平井产能公式和见水 时间研究[J].中国海上油气(地质),1995,(6):71-76. [4] Paoazacos.Performanceofhorizontalwellsinathinoil zonebetweenagascapandanaquiferimmortellefiledtrinidad[C].SPE36752,1996. (编辑 罗先碧) 《西南石油学院学报》荣获 《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范》执行优秀奖 为推动我国学术期刊的规范化、标准化和文献计量评价研究的科学化、现代化,2000年4月—2001年 12月,中国学术期刊(光盘版)编辑委员会规范与评价研究中心开展了首届《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与 (简称)执行评优活动《西南石油学院学报》评价数据规范》《规范》,荣获《规范》执行优秀奖。在这次《规范》执 行评优活动中,共有1274种期刊获优秀奖,占中国学术期刊(光盘版)入编期刊总数(5300种)的24%。 西南石油学院学报编辑部 No2 JournalofSouthwestPetroleumInstituteⅠ JOURNALOFSOUTHWEST PETROLEUMINSTITUTE Vol.24 No.2 Apr2002 [ABSTRACT] CLASSIFICATIONOFFRACTURESINO2+3CARBONATERESERVOIRSINTAZHONGI#FAULTEDZONE QINQiΟrong(SouthwestPetroleumInstitute,NanchongSichuan637001,China),SUPeiΟdong,DENGHui. JOUR2NALOFSOUTHWESTPETROLEUMINSTITUTE,VOL. ThemethodsusedinNMRloggingincludetheT2cutΟoffvalue,T2spectraBVIandBVIweightingfunction. KeyWords:neclearmagneticresounace;irreduciblewatersaturation;frequencyspectrumBVI;weightingfunction 24,NO.2,1-4,2002(ISSN1000-2634,INCHINESE) O2+3carbonaterockisthemajorreservoirrockinthecen2tralTarimbasin.Asthematrixporosityandpermeabilityofthestrataisverylow,fracturesplayanimportantroleingatheringandtransportingoilandgas.Sincethedifferenttypesoffrac2turesdifferingenesis,occurrence,scaleandcapabilityinstor2ageandtransportofoilandgas,adetailedclassificationschemeisneededtoprobetheregularityofoccurrenceandenrichmentofoilandgasinthereservoirs.Onthebasisofdetailedinvesti2gation,thefracturesarefirstlydividedintodifferenttypesac2cordingtothegenesis,typeandchacteristicsofthefractureΟfill2ingmaterial,andthecrossΟcuttingrelationshipoffractures.Then,subΟtypesaredeterminedaccordingtotheoccurrenceandnatureofthefractures.Theresultshowsthatfracturesintheareaunderstudyarecomplax,with2typesofdiagenticand5types(orperiods)ofstructuralorigen,andthestructuralfrac2turesofeachperioddisplaydifferentoccurrenceandcharacteris2tics. KeyWords:carbonatereservoir;fracture;classification;TazhongIfaultedzone # EXPERIMENTALSTUDYOFFORMATIONWATERPROP2ERTIESATHIGHTPRESSUREFORABNORMALLYΟHIGH ΟTEMPERATURECONDENSATEGASRESERVOIR LIUJianΟyi(SouthwestPetroleumInstitute,NanchongSichuan637001,China),GUOPing,LIShiΟlun,etal. 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Thatistosay,whenthegasrateis Horizontalwellisanimportanttechnologytodevelopoilreservoirwithbottomwater,delaythewaterbreakthroughofoilwellandimprovetheoilrecoveryrate.However,itisdiffi2culttocontrolandforecasttheproductionperformanceofoilwellafterwaterbreakthrough.Inthispaperwepresentasim2plifiedphysicalmodeltodevelopoilreservoirwithbottomwaterbydrillinghorizontalwells.Onthebasisofthepreviousmodel,we’veputforwardapracticalapproachtoforecasttheproduc2tionperformanceofahorizontalwellafterwaterbreakthroughinoilreservoirwithbottomwaterandhavedevelopedthecorre2spondingapplicationsoftware.ThepredictiondataofRenqiuoilfieldgoeswellwiththerealproductiondata.Itshowsthattheapproachpresentedinthispaperisbothsatisfactoryandpracti2cal. 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KeyWords:lowΟpermeabilityreservoir;porestructure;capillarypressurecurve;hyperbola Welltestingisasimpleanddirectwaytodeterminethedeliverabilityofgaswell.However,whetherthetestdurationislongenoughornotwillaffectthereadingsfromthetest,whichwillinturninfluencethecomputationofgaswelldeliverability.Basedonthedeepgaswellconfiguration,weinvestigatedthemethod,theprincipleandotherfactorstoestimatethereason2abletestingtime.Wepresentedacoupleofwaystoestimatethereasonabletestingtime,andcasestudywasalsoprovided.Wethinkthatourresearchworkisofpracticalsignificanceinguid2ingtestdesignofdeepgaswells. KeyWords:welltesting;testduration;determination;deepgaswell PressureTransientInterpretationofInclinedWell&Lateral ANEWMETHODTOPROCESSWELLTESTINGDATAFORGASWELL WANGNuΟtao(SouthwestPetroleumInstitute,NanchongSichuan637001,China),HUANGBingΟguang,ZHANGShiΟqiang. JOURNALOFSOUTHWESTPETROLEUMIN2STITUTE,VOL.24,NO.2,18-20,2002(ISSN1000- Well YANGLei(SouthwestPetroleumBureau,LangzhongSichuan637400,China),HUANGCheng,DUANYongΟgang,etal. JOURNALOFSOUTHWESTPETROLEUMIN2STITUTE,VOL.24,NO.2,25-27,2002(ISSN1000- 2634,INCHINESE) Basedonthecontinuouspointsourcesuperpositiontheory,amathematicalmodeltodescribethepressuredistributioninin2clinedwellborewithuniformfluidflowratehasbeenestab2 2634,INCHINESE) Whenweanalyzedthegaswelldeliverabilty,wefoundthattheobservedbottomholepressuredatascarcelymeetthe 因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容