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1 Characteristics 2 Origins

o Rock and roll

o \"In-between years\" o Surf music 3 Golden age

o British Invasion o Garage rock o Pop rock o Blues rock o Folk rock

o Psychedelic rock 4 Progression

o Roots rock

o Progressive rock o Jazz rock o Glam rock

o Soft rock, hard rock and early heavy metal o Christian rock 5 Punk

o Punk rock o New wave o Post-punk

o New waves and genres in heavy metal o Heartland rock

o Emergence of alternative rock 6 Alternative

o Grunge o Britpop

o Post-grunge o Pop punk o Indie rock

o Alternative metal, rap rock and nu metal o Post-Britpop 7 2000s

o Post-hardcore and Emo(=Electromechanical Optical 电子机械光学) o Garage rock/post-punk revival

o Contemporary heavy metal, metal-core and retro-metal o Digital electronic rock 8 Social impact

Characteristics

Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2006, showing a quartet lineup for a rock band of a lead vocalist, guitarist,

bassist, and drummer

The sound of rock is traditionally centered on the electric guitar, which typically supported by an electric bass guitar pioneered in jazz music often complemented by the inclusion of others, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers.

Musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group,including vocalist, lead guitarist, rhythm guitarist, bass guitarist, drummer and occasionally that of keyboard player or other instrumentalist.

Origin

Rock music Stylistic origins （风格由来） Cultural origins （文化起源） Typical instruments

（典型乐器）

Rock and roll, electric blues, jazz, folk, country, blues, rhythm and blues, soul

1950s and 1960s, United Kingdom and United States Vocals, electric guitar, bass guitar, acoustic guitar, drums, piano,

synthesizer, keyboards

Derivative forms

New Age music, synthpop

（衍生音乐形式）

Sub-genres（子类别） Alternative rock – Art rock – Baroque pop – Beat music – Britpop – Emo(=Electromechanical Optical 电子机械光学) – Experimental rock – Garage rock – Glam rock – Gothic rock – Group Sounds – Grunge – Hard rock – Heartland rock – Heavy metal – Instrumental rock – Indie rock – Jangle pop – Krautrock – Madchester – Post-Britpop – Power pop – Progressive rock – Protopunk –

Psychedelia – Punk rock – Soft rock – Southern rock – Surf music – Symphonic rock

Fusion genres（综合分类） Aboriginal rock – Afro-rock – Anatolian rock – Bhangra rock – Blues rock – Country rock – Electronic rock – Flamenco-rock – Folk rock – Funk rock – Glam punk – Indo-rock – Industrial rock – Jazz fusion – Pop rock – Punta rock – Raga rock – Raï rock – Rap rock – Rockabilly –

Rockoson – Samba-rock – Space rock – Stoner rock – Sufi rock

Regional scenes（按地区分类） Argentina – Armenia – Australia – Bangladesh – Belarus – Belgium – Bosnia and Herzegovina – Brazil – Canada – Chile – China – Colombia – Cuba – Croatia – Denmark – Dominican Republic – Ecuador – Estonia – Finland – France – Greece – Germany – Hungary – Iceland – India – Indonesia – Ireland – Israel – Italy – Japan – Spanish-speaking world – Latvia – Lithuania – Malaysia – Mexico –

Nepal – New Zealand – Norway – Pakistan - Peru – Philippines – Poland – Portugal – Russia – Serbia – Slovenia – Spain – Sweden – Switzerland – Tatar – Thailand – Turkey – Ukraine – United Kingdom – United States – Uruguay – Venezuela – SFR Yugoslavia – Zambia

Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the UK and the US. It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by R&B(rhythm and blues) and

country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources.

Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements, leading to major sub-cultures. Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song, rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race, sex and drug use, and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity. Surf music

The Beach Boys performing in 19

Surf music achieved its greatest commercial success as vocal music, particularly the work of the Beach Boys, formed in 1961 in Southern California. Their early albums included both instrumental surf rock (among them covers of music by Dick Dale) and vocal songs, drawing on rock and roll and doo wop and the close harmonies of vocal pop acts like the Four Freshmen. Their first chart hit,

\"Surfin'\" in 1962 reached the Billboard top 100 and helped make the surf music craze a national phenomenon. es.

Golden Age

British Invasion

The Beatles arriving in New York in January 19 at the beginning of the British Invasion

By the end of 1962, what would become the British rock scene had started with beat groups like The Beatles, Gerry & The Pacemakers and The Searchers from Liverpool and Freddie and the Dreamers, Herman's Hermits and The Hollies from Manchester. These groups were composing their own material, combining US

forms of music and infusing it with a high energy beat. By 1963, led by the Beatles, beat groups had begun to achieve national success in Britain, soon to be followed into the charts by the more rhythm and blues focused acts.

Progression

Jazz rock

Jaco Pastorius of Weather Report in 1980

In the late 1960s jazz rock emerged as a distinct sub-genre out of the blues rock, psychedelic and progressive rock scenes, mixing the power of rock with the

musical complexity and improvisational elements of jazz. Often highlighted as the first true jazz-rock record is the only album Out of Sight and Sound (1966). The first group of bands to self-consciously use the label were R&B oriented white rock bands ,and making Jazz rock some of the most commercially successful acts of the later 1960s and early 1970s.

British acts to emerge in the same period from the blues scene, to make use of the tonal and improvisational aspects of jazz. It was a major influence on

subsequent rock-influenced jazz artists, including Herbie Hancock, Chick Corea and Weather Report. Though he genre began to fade in the late 1970s, many significant jazz-influenced albums in this period has continued to be a major influence on rock music.

Punk

Punk Rock

Patti Smith, performing in 1976

Punk rock was developed between 1974 and 1976 in the United States and the United Kingdom .Punk rock bands eschewed the perceived excesses of

mainstream 1970s rock. They created fast, hard-edged music, typically with short songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political,

anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY (do it yourself) ethic, with many bands self-producing their recordings and distributing them through informal channels.

By late 1976, acts burst out in New York City and London, were recognized as the vanguard of a new musical movement. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, quickly though briefly, became a major cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive clothing styles and a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies.

By the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and Oi! had become the predominant mode of punk rock. This has resulted in several evolved strains of hardcore punk, such as D-beat (a distortion-heavy subgenre influenced by the UK band Discharge), anarcho-punk (such as Crass), grindcore (such as Napalm Death), and crust punk. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a broad range of other variations, giving rise to New wave, post-punk and the alternative rock movement.

Alternative

Pop punk

Green Day performing in 2010

The origins of 1990s pop punk can be seen in the more song-oriented bands of the 1970s punk movement like The Buzzcocksand The Clash, commercially successful New Wave acts such as The Jam and The Undertones, and the more hardcore-influenced elements of alternative rock in the 1980s.[225] Pop-punk tends to use power-pop melodies and chord changes with speedy punk tempos and loud guitars.[226] Punk music provided the inspiration for some California-based bands on independent labels in the early 1990s, including Rancid, Pennywise, Weezer and Green Day.[225] In 1994 Green Day moved to a major label and produced the album Dookie, which found a new, largely teenage, audience and proved a surprise diamond-selling success, leading to a series of hit singles, including two number ones in the US.[205] They were soon followed by the eponymous début from Weezer, which spawned three top ten singles in the US.[227] This success opened the door for the multi-platinum sales of metallic punk band The Offspring with Smash (1994).[205] This first wave of pop punk reached its commercial peak with Green Day's Nimrod (1997) and The Offspring's Americana (1998).[228]

A second wave of pop punk was spearheaded by Blink-182, with their breakthrough album Enema of the State (1999), followed by bands such as Good Charlotte, Bowling for Soup and Sum 41, who made use of humour in their videos and had a more radio-friendly tone to their music, while retaining the speed, some of the attitude and even the look of 1970s punk.[225] Later pop-punk bands, including Simple Plan, The All-American Rejects and Fall Out Boy, had a sound that has been described as closer to 1980s hardcore, while still achieving considerable commercial success.[225]

2000s

Digital electronic rock

In the 2000s, as computer technology became more accessible and music software advanced, it became possible to create high quality music using little more than a single laptop computer. These techniques began to be used by existing bands, as with industrial rock act Nine Inch Nails' album Year Zero (2007), and by developing genres that mixed rock with digital techniques and

sounds, including indie electronic, electro-clash, dance-punk and new rave.

Social Impact

Different sub-genres of rock were adopted by, and became central to, the

identity of a large number of sub-cultures. The mid-1970s punk subculture began in the US, but it was given a distinctive look by British designer Vivian West-wood, a look which spread worldwide.Out of the punk scene, the Goth and

Emo(=Electromechanical Optical 电子机械光学) subcultures grew, both of which presented distinctive visual styles.

The 1969 Woodstock Festival was seen as a celebration of the counter-cultural lifestyle

When an international rock culture developed, it was able to supplant cinema as the major sources of fashion influence，though rock has been associated with various forms of negative things, all of which have been showed in song.

Since its early development rock music has been associated with rebellion against social and political norms,however, it can also be seen as providing a means of commercial exploitation of such ideas and of diverting youth away from political action.

Trip Hop

Trip hop Electronica, dub, alternative hip hop, alternative dance,

Stylistic origins

house, experimental rock, acid jazz, soul, neo-psychedelia,

（风格由来）

lounge, post-punk, alternative rock Cultural origins

Early 1990s Bristol, United Kingdom

（文化起源） Typical instruments （典型乐器）

Keyboards (键盘乐器), synthesizer, samplers, brass, turntables, strings, guitar, bass, saxophone, flute

Sub-genres(子类别) Illbient – Post-trip hop

(complete list) Fusion genres（综合分类） Trip rock

Regional scenes（地区类别） Bristol

Trip hop is a genre of electronic music that originated in the early 1990s in the Bristol(the UK). The term was first used by the British music media and press as a way to describe the more experimental variant of break-beat which contained influences of soul, funk and jazz.Trip hop can be highly experimental in nature.