国标谐波标准

中华人民共和国国家标准 National Standard of PRC

电能质量 公用电网谐波 GB/T14549-93

Quality of electric energy supply Harmonics in public supply network

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1 主题内容与适用范围

Main content and applicable range

本标准规定了公用电网谐波的允许值及其测试方法。

The standard defines the admissible value of harmonics in public supply network and its test method.

本标准适用于交流额定频率为50Hz，标称电压110kV及以下的公用电网。 The standard is suitable for the public supply network with 50Hz rated frequency and with nominal voltage below 110kV.

标称电压为220kV的公用电网可参照110kV执行。 The standard of public supply network with 220kV nominal voltage can be referred to 110kV standard.

本标准不适用于暂态现象和短时间谐波。

The standard is not suitable for the transient condition and short-time harmonic.

2 引用标准

Reference Standard

GB156 额定电压 GB156 Rated voltage

3 术语

Nomenclature

3．1 公共连接点 Point of common coupling

用户接入公用电网的连接处。

The place where the user connect the public supply network. 3．2 谐波测量点 harmonic measurement points

对电网和用户的谐波进行测量之处。

The place where the harmonic caused by power network and user is measured. 3．3 基波（分量） fundamental （component）

对周期性交流量进行付立叶级数分解，得到的频率与工频相同的分量。

Decompose the periodic AC voltage or current by using Fourier series to get the component whose frequency is same as that of the power line. 3．4 谐波（分量） harmonic （component）

对周期性交流量进行付立叶级数分解，得到频率为基波频率大于1整数倍的分量。

Decompose the periodic AC voltage or current by using ferrari series to get the component whose frequency is larger than that of fundamental component. 3．5 谐波次数（h） harmonic order （h）

谐波频率与基波频率的整数比。

The integral ratio between harmonic component and fundamental component.

3．6 谐波含量（电压或电流） harmonic content （voltage or current）

从周期性交流量中减去基波分量后所得的量。

The remained content by subtracting fundamental component from periodic AC Voltage or current.

3．7 谐波含有率 harmonic ratio （HR）

周斯性交流量中含有的第h次谐波分量的方均根值与基波分量的方均根值之比（用百分数表示）。

The ratio between the root-mean-square value of the h order harmonic component (contained in periodic AC voltage or current) and the root-mean-square value of fundamental component.

第h次谐波电压含有率以HRUh表示，第h次谐波电流含有率以HRIh表示。

The h order harmonic ratio of voltage is denoted with HRUh. The h order harmonic ratio of current is denoted with HRIh.

3．8 总谐波畸变率 total harmonic distortion （THD）

周斯性交流量中的谐波含量的方均根值与基波分量的方均根值之比（用百分数表示）。 The ratio between the root-mean-square value of total harmonic component (contained in periodic AC voltage or current) and the root-mean-square value of fundamental component.

电压总谐波畸变率以THDU表示，电流总谐波畸变率以THDi表示。

Total harmonic distortion of voltage is denoted with THDU. Total harmonic distortion of current is denoted with THDi. 3．9 谐波源 harmonic source

向公用电网注入谐波电流或在公用电网中产生谐波电压的电气设备。

The electric equipment that injects harmonic current to public supply network or generate harmonic voltage in public supply network. 3．10 短时间谐波 short duration harmonics

冲击持续的时间不超过2s，且两次冲击之间的间隔时间不小于30s的电流所含有的谐波及其引起的谐波电压。

The harmonic current content and the harmonic voltage caused by the current in which the persistent time of impact is less than two seconds, and the interval between two impact is less than thirty seconds.

注：谐波术语的数字表达式见附录A（补充件）。

Note: the numeric expression of harmonic Nomenclature is shown in appendix A (supplementary document)

4 谐波电压限值

Voltage limitation value of harmonic 公用电网谐波电压（相电压）限值见表1。

The limitation value of harmonic voltage (phase voltage) in Public supply network is shown in Table 1.

表1 Table 1

电网标称电压 电压总谐波畸变率 各次谐波电压含有率，% Nominal % Harmonic voltage ratio,% voltage of THD of voltage % 奇 次 偶 次 network Odd order Even order kV harmonic harmonic 0.38 5.0 4.0 2.0 6 4.0 3.2 1.6

10 35 66 110

3.0 2.0

2.4 1.6

1.2 0.8

5 谐波电流允许值

Admissible value of harmonic current

5.1 公共连接点的全部用户向该点注入的谐波电流分量(方均根值)不应超过表2中规定的允许值.当公共连接点处的最小短路容量不同于基准短路容量时,表2中的谐波电流允许值的换算见附录B(补充件).

The harmonic current component (root-mean-square value) that is injected into public connection point by all the user should not exceed the admissible value described in Table 2. When the minimum capacity of short circuit of public connection point is different from that of reference, the conversion of admissible harmonic current value in Table 2 is shown in appendix B (supplementary document).

5.2 同一公共连接点的每个用户向电网注入的谐波电流允许值按此用户在该点的协议容量与其公共连接点处的供电设备容量之比进行分配.分配的计算方法见附录C(补充件)

The admissible value of harmonic current that is injected into the same public connection point by every user is allocated through the ratio between the agreement capacity given to the user at this point and the capacity of power supply equipment. The calculation method of allocation is shown in appendix C (supplementary document).

表2 Table 2

标准电压kV 0.36 10 35 66 110

8 Standard Voltage kV

基准短路容量MVA 10 100 100 250 500 750 Reference of capacity of short circuit MVAHarmonic order and admissible 2 78 43 26 15 16 12 value of harmonic current,A 3 62 34 20 12 13 9.6

4 39 21 13 7.7 8.1 6.0 5 62 34 20 12 13 9.6 6 26 14 8.5 5.1 5.4 4.0 谐 7 44 24 15 8.8 9.3 6.8 波 8 19 11 6.4 3.8 4.1 3.0 次 9 21 11 6.8 4.1 4.3 3.2 数 10 16 8.5 5.1 3.1 3.3 2.4 及 11 28 16 9.3 5.6 5.9 4.3 谐 12 13 7.1 4.3 2.6 2.7 2.0 波

13 24 13 7.9 4.7 5.0 3.7

电

14 11 6.1 3.7 2.2 2.3 1.7

流

15 12 6.8 4.1 2.5 2.6 1.9

允

16 9.7 5.3 3.2 1.9 2.0 1.5

许

17 18 10 6.0 3.6 3.8 2.8

值

18 8.6 4.7 2.8 1.7 1.8 1.3

,

19 16 9.0 5.4 3.2 3.4 2.5 A

20 7.8 4.3 2.6 1.5 1.6 1.2 21 8.9 4.9 2.9 1.8 1.9 1.4 22 7.1 3.9 2.3 1.4 1.5 1.1 23 14 7.4 4.5 2.7 2.8 2.1

24 25 6.5 3.6 12 6.8 2.1 4.1 1.3 1.4 1.0 2.5 2.6 1.9

注：220kV基准短路容量取2000MVA。

Note: the reference of capacity of short circuit of 220kV is 2000MVA.

6 测量

Measuring

测量谐波的方法、数据处理及测量仪器的规定见附录D（补充件）

The specification of method, data processing and device for measuring harmonic are shown in appendix D (supplementary document).

附 录 A Appendix A

谐波术语的数学表达式

Mathematic Representation of Harmonic Nomenclature

（补充件）

(supplementary document)

A1 第h次谐波电压含有率 HRUh

A1 The h order harmonic ratio of voltage HRUh Uh

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（A1） HRUh = ---- ×100（%）

U1

； 式中：Uh ---- 第h次谐波电压（方均根值）。 U1 ---- 基波电压（方均根值）

Where, Uh ----The h order harmonic voltage (root-mean-square value) U1 ----Fundamental voltage (root-mean-square value)

A2 第h次谐波电流含有率 HRIh

A2 The h order harmonic ratio of current HRIh Ih

HRIh = ---- ×100（%）。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（A2） I1

式中：Ih ---- 第h次谐波电流（方均根值）； I1 ---- 基波电流（方均根值）。

Where, Ih ----The h order harmonic current (root-mean-square value) I1 ----Fundamental current (root-mean-square value)

A3 谐波电压含量 UH

A3 Harmonic voltage content UH ∞ 2

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（A3） UH = √ ∑ （Uh） 。

h=2

A4 谐波电流含量 IH

A4 Harmonic current content IH ∞ 2

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（A4） IH = √ ∑ （Ih） 。

h=2

A5 电压总谐波畸变率 THDu

A5 Total harmonic distortion of voltage THDu UH

THDu = ---- ×100（%）。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（A5） U1

A6 电流总谐波畸变率 THDi

A6 Total harmonic distortion of current THDi IH

THDi = ---- ×100（%）。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（A6） I1

附 录 B Appendix B

谐波电流允许值的换算

Conversion of admissible harmonic current value

（补充件）

(supplementary document)

当电网公共连接点的最小短路容量不同于表2基准短路容量时，按下式修正表2中的谐波电流允许值：

When the minimum capacity of short circuit at public connection point of network is different from the reference of short circuit in Table 2, the admissible value of current in Table 2 is modified according to the following equation: Sk1

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（B1） Ih = ----- Ihp 。

Sk2

式中：Sk1 ---- 公共连接点的最小短路容量，MVA； Sk2 ---- 基准短路容量，MVA；

Ihp ---- 表2中的第h次谐波电流允许值，A；

Ih ---- 短路容量为Sk1时的第h次谐波电流允许值，A。

Where, Sk1 ---- The minimum capacity of short circuit at public connection point , MVA

Sk2 ---- Reference of capacity of short circuit, MVA

Ihp ---- Admissible value of the h order harmonic current in table 2, A Ih ---- Admissible value of the h order harmonic current when capacity of short circuit is Sk1, A

附 录 C Appendix C 谐波的基本计算式

Basic calculation equation of harmonic

（补充件）

(supplementary document)

C1 第h次谐波电压含有率HRUh与第h次谐波电流分量Ih的关系：

C1 Relation between the h order harmonic ratio of voltage HRUh and the h order harmonic ratio of current Ih √3 ·Zh·Ih

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（C1） HRUh = ---------------（%） 。

10·UN

近似的工程估算按（C2）或（C3）式计算：

Approximate engineering evaluation is calculated according to Equ.(C2) of Equ.(C3)

√3 ·UN·h·Ih

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（C2） HRUh = ------------------（%） 。

10·Sk

10·Sk·HRUh

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（C3） 或 or Ih = ---------------（%） 。

√3 ·UN·h

式中：UN ---- 电网的标称电压，kV；

Sk ---- 公共连接点的三相短路容量，MVA； Ih ---- 第h次谐波电流，A；

Zh ---- 系统的第h次谐波阻抗，Ω。

Where, UN ----Nominal voltage of power network, kV;

Sk ----Three phase capacity of short circuit at public connection point, MVA;

Ih ----The h order harmonic current, A;

Zh ----The h order harmonic impedance of system, A;

C2 两个谐波源的同次谐波电流在一条线路的同一相上迭加，当相位角已知时按（C4）式计算： C2 In a power line, same harmonic order current from two different harmonic resource respectively superimpose with same phase. When the phase angle between the two same order harmonic current is known, the superimposition is implemented according to Equ.(C4).

2 2。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（C4） Ih = √ Ih1+ Ih2·+ 2Ih1·Ih2·COSθh 。

式中：Ih1 ---- 谐波源1的第h次谐波电流，A； Ih2 ---- 谐波源2的第h次谐波电流，A；

θh ---- 谐波源1和谐波源2的第h次谐波电流之间的相位角

Where, Ih1 ----The h order harmonic current of harmonic resource 1, A;

Ih2 ----The h order harmonic current of harmonic resource 2, A;

θh ----phase anger between the h order harmonic current of harmonic resource 1 and that of harmonic resource 2.

当相位角不确定时，可按（C5）式进行计算：

When the phase angle between the two same harmonic order current is unknown, the superimposition is implemented according to Equ.(C5).

2 2

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（C5） Ih = √ Ih1+ Ih2·+ Kh·Ih1·Ih2 。

式中Kh系数按表C1选取。

The coefficient Kh in Equ.(C5) can be selected according to Table C1.

表C1 公式（C5）中系数Kh 的值 Table C1 The value of Kh in Equ.(C5)

h 3 5 7 11 13 9| > 13|偶次even order Kh 1.62 1.28 0.72 0.18 0.08 0

两个以上同次谐波电流迭加时,首先将两个谐波电流迭加,然后再与第三个谐波电流相 迭加,以此类推.

When over two same harmonic order currents need to be superimposed, the first step is to make two of them superimposed, then to make the result superimpose other harmonic current in turn.

两个及以上谐波源在同一节点同一相上引起的同次谐波电压迭加的计算式与(C4)或(C5)类同.

When over two same harmonic order voltages need to be superimposed at same point and with same phase, the calculation is similar to Equ.(C4) and Equ.(C5). C3 在公共连接点处第I个用户的第h次谐波电流允许值(Ihi)按(C6)计算:

1/α

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（C6） Ihi = Ih(SI / Sk) 。

式中：Ih ---- 按附录B换算的第h次谐波电流允许值，A； Si ---- 第i个用户的用电协议容量，MVA； Sk ---- 公共连接点的供电设备容量，MVA； α ---- 相位迭加系数，按表C2取值。

Where, Ih ----The converted admissible current value of the h order harmonic current according to Appendix B. A;

Si ----The agreement capacity of power consuming of No.i user,MVA; Sk ----Equipment capacity of power supply at public connection point, MVA;

α ----Superimposition coefficient of phase, its value is obtained from Table C2.

表C2 Table C2

h 3 5 7 11 13 9| > 13|偶次even order α 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.9 2

附 录 D Appendix D

测量谐波的方法，数据处理及测量仪器

Method, data processing and device for measuring harmonic

（补充件）

(supplementary document)

D1 谐波电压（或电流）测量应选择在电网正常供电时出现的最小运行方式，且应在谐波源工作周期中产生的谐波量大的时段内进行（例如：电弧炼钢应在熔化期测量）。

D1 The measurement of harmonic voltage (or current)should be made at the minimum operation condition when the power network supply is normal, and at the maximum harmonic time slice of duty period of harmonic resource (e.g. to the steel smelting, the measurement is made at melting period)

当测量点附近安装有电容器组时，应在电容器组的各种运行方式下进行测量。

When capacitor group is fitted near the measured point, the measurement should be made at all the operation condition of capacitor group.

D2 测量的谐波次数一般为第2到第19次，根据谐波源的特点或分析结果，可以适当变动谐波次数测量的范围。

D2 The measured harmonic order is from the second order to the nineteen order. According to the characteristic of harmonic resource and analyse results, the measuredscope of harmonic order can be changed properly.

D3 对于负荷变化快的谐波源（例如：炼钢电弧炉、晶闸管变流设备供电的轧机、电力机车等），测量的间隔时间不大于2min，测量次数应满足数理统计的要求，一般不少于30次。 D3 To the harmonic resource with load varying quickly(e.g. steel smelting arc furnace, rolling mills supplied by thyristor conversion equipment, locomotive etc), the interval of measurement is less than 2 min, and the measured number should meet the requirement of mathematic statistics, general speaking, the number is more than 30 times.

对于负荷变化慢的谐波源（例如：化工整流器、直流输电换流站等），测量间隔和持续时间不作规定。

To the harmonic resource with load varying slowly (e.g. chemical rectifier, converting plant of DC transmission etc), the interval of measurement and persistence time is not required specially.

D4 谐波测量的数据应取测量时段内各相实测量值的95%概率值中最大的一相值，作为判断谐波是否超过允许值的依据。

D4 The measured data of harmonic should be the 95% probability value of maximum phase in all the measured phases during one interval, and it is the basis to determine whether the harmonic exceed its admissible value.

但对负荷变化慢的谐波源，可选五个接近的实测值，取其算术平均值。

But to the harmonic resource with load varying slowly, five adjacent measured values can be selected to calculate arithmetical mean value.

注：为了实用方便，实测值的95%概率值可按下述方法近似选取：将实测值按由大到小次序排列，舍弃前面的5%的大值，取剩余实测值中的最大值。

Note: for the reason of convenience, the 95% probability value can be decided as the following method: rearrange the measured data from big to small, then remove the 5% data from bigger part and select the maximum one from residual part to be 95% probability value.

D5 谐波的测量仪器

D5 Device for measuring harmonic D5.1 仪器的功能应满足本标准测量要求。

D5.1 The function of device should meat the requirement of standard measuring. D5.2 为了区别暂态现象和谐波，对负荷变化快的谐波，每次测量结果可为3s内所测值的平均值。推荐采用下式计算：

D5.2 In order to distinguish transient phenomena and harmonic, to the harmonic with load varying quickly, the result of measurement should be the average value of all the measured data in three seconds.

1 m 2

Uh = √ --- ∑ （Uhk） 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。（D1） m k=1

式中：Uhk ---- 3s内第k次测得的h次谐波的方均根值； m ---- 3s内取均匀间隔的测量次数，m ≥ 6。

Where, Uhk ----the root-mean-square value of the h order harmonic measured at the No.k interval in three seconds;

m ---- the measured number with equal interval in three seconds. D5.3 仪器准确度

D5.3 Accuracy degree of device

谐波测量仪的允许误差见表D1.

The admissible error of device for measuring harmonic is shown in Table D1.

表D1 谐波测量仪的允许误差

Table D1 Admissible error of device for measuring harmonic 等 级 被测量 条 件 允许误差 Class Measured Condition Admissible error

object

5% Uh 电压 Uh ≥ 1% UN

0.05% UN Voltage Uh < 1% UN

A

电流 Ih ≥ 3% IN 5% Ih

Ih < 3% IN Current 0.15% IN

电压 Uh ≥ 3% UN 5% Uh Voltage Uh < 3% UN 0.15% UN

B

电流 Ih ≥ 10% IN 5% Ih Current 0.50% IN Ih < 10% IN

注：① UN为标称电压，Uh为谐波电压；IN为额定电流，Ih为谐波电流

② A级仪器频率测量范围为0∽2 500HZ，用于较精确的测量，仪器的相角测量误差不大于±5°或±1°·h；B级仪器用于一般测量。

Note: 1. UN is nominal voltage, Uh is harmonic voltage; IN is rated current, Ih is harmonic current

2. The measured frequency scope of device with class A is 0~2500Hz.The device is used for accurate measuring, and its phase angle error of measurement is less than ±5°or ±1°·h； the device with class B is used for general measuring.

D5.4 仪器有一定的抗电磁干扰能力，便于现场使用。仪器应保证其电源在标称电压±15%，频率在49HZ ∽ 51HZ范围内电压总谐波畸变率不超过8%条件下能正常工作。

D5.4 The device has the anti-emi capability, and is convenient for local operation. The device can work normally even when its power supply is under the following condition: ±15% voltage variation, 49HZ ∽ 51HZ frequency variation, and the total harmonic distortion of voltage is less than 8%.

D6 对不符合D5.2条规定的仪器，可用于负荷变化慢的谐波源的测量。如用于负荷变化快的谐波源的测量，测量条件和次数应分别符合D1和D3条的规定。

D6 The device that does not meet the requirement of D5.2 can be used to measure the harmonic resource with load varying slowly. If it is used to measure the harmonic resource with load varying quickly, the condition and number of measurement should meat the requirement of D1 and D3 respectively. D7 在测量的频率范围内，仪用互感器、电容式分压器等谐波传感设备应有良好的频率特性，其引入的幅值误差不应大于5%，相角误差不大于5°。在没有确切的频率响应误差特性时，电流互感器和低压电压互感器用于2 500 HZ及以下频率的谐波测量；6 ∽ 110kV电磁式电压互

感器可用于1 000 HZ及以下频率测量；电容式电压互感器不能用于谐波测量。在谐波电压测量中，对谐波次数或测量精度有较高需要时，应采用电阻分压器（UN < 1kV）或电容式分压器（UN ≥ 1kV）。

D7 In the scope of measured frequency, the sensor equipment including mutual-inductor for device, capacitance voltage divider should have good frequency characteristic, and the amplitude error caused by it is less than 5%, phase angle error caused by it is less than 5°. When there is no any precise error characteristic of frequency response, the CT and low voltage PT is only used to measure the harmonic with frequency less than 2500Hz; 6~110kV electro-magnetic PT can be used to measure the harmonic with frequency less than 1000Hz; the capacitance PT can not be used to measure harmonic. To the measurement of harmonic voltage, if the measured harmonic order need to be higher and the precision need to be improved, the resistance voltage divider （UN < 1kV）or capacitance voltage divider （UN ≥ 1kV）should be used. 附加说明

Additional Description

本标准由全国电压电流等级和频率标准化技术委员会归口。

The standard is recorded by national technique committee of voltage-current class and frequency standardization.

本标准由能源部电力司负责起草。能源部电力科学研究院、四川省电力工业局、华中理工大学、湖南省电力工业局、山西电力试验研究所等参加起草。

The standard is mainly established by Power Department of Energy Ministry. Other departments also take apart in the establishment of the standard: Power science academe of energy department, Power industry bureau of Si Chuan province, Hua Zhong University of science and technology, Power industry bureau of Hu Nan province, and Shan Xi graduate school of power experiment.

本标准主要起草人曲涛、任元、林海雪、杜德立、陈宝喜、李平之、吕润余。

The following people take apart in the establishment of standard: Qu Tao, Lin Haixue, Chen Baoxi, Li Pinzhi, Lv Runyu.