step by step 3000第一册第四单元文本及答案(免费)

Unit 4 Approaching Culture Part One Warming up Key words: gift luck

People in all countries enjoy gifts. Sometimes the meanings are different in different cultures. Listen to the following dialogues and look at the pictures below. If it is not a proper gift in a certain country for an ordinary friend, cross out(×) the picture and check(√) the correct reason why it is not a proper gift.

Tapescript: 1. Argentina

Woman: This is interesting. Did you know that in Argentina you should

never give clothing unless you know the person really well?

Man: Don't give clothing? Why not?

Woman: Clothing- even things like ties -- are too personal. Only good

friends give them.

Man: Huh? I never thought of a tie as being personal.., just

uncomfortable. What should you bring?

Woman: I don't know. Maybe something for thc house. 2. Switzerland

Man: We're meeting Mr Mertz and his wife for dinner. Maybe I should

bring flowers or something ... Yeah, I'll pick up some red roses.

Woman: You don't want to bring roses. In Switzerland, they could be a

symbol of love and romance.

Man: Oh, I didn't know that.

Woman: I think candy or chocolate might be better. 3. Italy

Woman: I'd like some flowers. Uh ... those. About ten, I guess.

Man: Ma'am, I don't think you should give ten flowers. In Italy, even

numbers -- 2, 4, 6, and so on -- are bad luck.

Woman: Even numbers are bad luck? OK, I'll take nine flowers then. 4. Japan

Woman: May I help you?

Man: I'm going to stay with a family in Japan. I need to get something

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for them.

Woman: Pen sets are always a good gift.

Man: Oh,that's a good idea. Let's see ... There are sets with a pen and pencil ... and bigger sets with four pens.

Woman: Don't give a set of four pens -- in fact, don't give four of anything. It's bad luck: The Japanese word for \"four\" sounds like the word for \"death.\"

Man: Thanks for telling me. I'll take the pen andpencil set.

Woman: Good choice. These sets make very good gifts. After all, pens

write in any language!

Man: Uh... yeah. Right. B: Key words:

Greet traditional friends

There are many ways in the world to greet people. Listen to a few examples of greetings from some countries. Choose correct answers for each greeting.

Tapescript: 1. A bow

Around the world, there are many different ways to greet people. Bowing is the traditional way of greeting in Northeast Asian countries like Korea and Japan. This picture, for example, shows how Japanese women bow. In Japan, when you bow, you don't look directly at the other person's eyes. But in Korea it's important to see the other person's face when you bow. In both countries, people bow to show respect. 2. A hag

When good friends meet in Russia, they often hug each other. This is true for both women and men. Russia isn't the only place where friends hug. In Brazil, for example, friends also hug each other in greeting. In Brazil, the hug is called an abraco. 3. A strong, short handshake

You know how to shake hands. This is common in many countries. But it isn't always done the same way. In the United States and Canada, for example, people usually give a strong, short handshake. It's short but rather firm.

4. A softer, longer handshake

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In many other countries, people also shake hands. But they do it differently from in the U.S. and Canada. In Mexico and in Egypt, for example, many people -- especially men – shake hands. Mexican and Egyptian handshakes usually last a little longer. The handshake is softer -- not as strong. C: Key words:

holiday celebration observe feast in honor of commenmorate celebrate

Listen to the following holidays which are observed in different areas around the world. Write the date and the area. Holiday Valentine’s Day Feast of Dolls Feast of Banners Dragon Boat Festival Date February 14 March 2 May 5 the Mid-Autumn festival Chinese Lunar Area European and North American countries Japan Japan May 15 according to China Calendar August 15 according to China the Chinese Lunar European and North American countries France Britain, Canada, and the U.S European countries, the Canal Zone, Philippine Islands, and the Latin American countries Calendar April Fools’ Da y Bastille Day Boxing Day May Day April 1 July 14 December 26 May 1 Saint catherine’s Day Saint Patrick’s Day Mother’s Day November 25 March 17 France Ireland France, Denmark, Sweden, The 2nd Sunday in May England, 共13页 第3页

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India, Mexico Tapescript:

China,and The word ―holiday‖ comes from the words ―holy‖ and ―day‖. Originally holidays were holy or religious days. Nowadays holidays include national, seasonal and historical days of celebration. Here are some traditional holidays in some countries.

 February 14 is Valentine’s Day. It is observed in some European and North American countries. People send cards or gifts expressing love and affection sometimes anonymously to their sweethearts or friends.  Feast of Dolls in Japan falls on March 2 . It is observed there in honor of girls.

 Feast of Banners in Japan is on May 5. It is observed in honor of boys.  May 5 is Dragon Boat Festival in China and is held according to the Chinese Lunar Calendar. People eat rice cakes and hold dragon boat races to commenmorate the ancient acholar—statesman Qu Yuan.  August 15 is Mid-Autumn Festival in China. It is held according to the Chinese Lunar Calendar. People eat moon cakes while looking at the bright full moon.

 April Fools’ Day is on April 1. In some European countries and in North America, people play practical jokes or tricks on each other and those unsuspecting victims are called April fools.

 July 14 is Bastille Day. It is an annual holiday in France to commemorate the fall of the Bastille.

 December 26 is Boxing Day in Britain, Canada, and the U.S. it is observed as a holiday from the custom of giving Christmas boxex to the tradesmen and staff on this day.

 May Day , known also as International Labor Day, is a public holiday in many European countries, the Canal Zone, Philippine Islands, and the Latin American countries. It falls on May 1, and is celebrated especially by the working people.

 November 25 is Saint Catherine’s Day. The French celebrate this playful holiday in honor of Saint Catherine, the patroness of spinsters, or unmarried women. The day is observed mainly by the Parisian

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sewing girls who are over 25 and unmarried. It is a day for fun, parades, dances, and receptions.

 March 17 is Saint Patrick’s Day. This is Ireland’s greatest national holiday. The date marks the anniversary of the death of the missionary who became the patron sait of Ireland. Green is the color of the day.  Mother’s Day is a movable holiday. It falls on the 2nd Sunday in May . Mother’s day was founded by Miss Anna M. Jarvis of Philadelphia. It is now observed in countries all around the world, including England, France, Sweden, Denmark, India, China,and Mexico Part two Places to enjoy Key words:

Museum visit reproduction audience appearance guided tour educational service children’s department

A1:Listen to some statements taken from a passage on the changes in today’s museums. Supply the missing information.

Tapescript:

1. Museums have changed. They are no longer places for theprivileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days.

2. More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing.

3. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science.

A2: Now listen to the whole passage. While listening, pay special attention to the specific museums mentioned in the passage. Complete the following chart with key words. Museums Canada The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 17th century instruments/ music NYC The Modern Museum in Sweden Put on costumes/ the Stockholm Opera American museum of Natural Bone-by-bone History, NYC stegosaurus reproduction/ Museum activities A science museum in Ontario, electricity/ pass/ body 共13页 第5页

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Tapescript:

Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days.

At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. At New York's American Museum of Natural History recently, you could have helped make a bone-by-bone reproduction of the museum's stegosaurus, a beast that lived 200 million years ago.

As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing.

Many museums have changed in appearance. Some of the old, gray museums have been rebuilt, and the newer ones are open and modern in their architecture. Inside, there is modern lighting, color, and sound. Instead of displaying everything they own, museum directors show fewer objects and leave open spaces where visitors can gather and sit down. They also bring together in one display a group of objects drawn from various parts of the museum in an effort to represent the whole lifestyle of a region or a historical period. In one room, for instance, you may find materials, clothing, tools, cooking pots, furniture, and art works of a particular place and time.

More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and papermaking. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage.

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Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one ―should‖ visit, they are places to enjoy. B: Key words:

Amusing confuse understand French canoe

Now listen to two short stories. In each of the stories, there is one person who makes a fool of himself. Listen carefully and try to fill in the words in the charts below.

Tapescript.

 Well, I had quite an amusing time in greece on one holiday because I confused the words for ―Good morning,‖ which is ―Kalimera,‖ and ― squid,‖ which is ― Kalamari.‖ So for several days I was going around smiling broadly at people, saying ― squid‖ to them, and I couldn’t understand why they looked at me as if I was totally crazy until someone pointed it out.

 I was in france on holiday, staying in a friend’s cottage and one day we decided to go for a trip on the river. So we went along to a place on the river where you could hire canoes. And a friend , who prided himself on being rather good at speaking French, went in to hire the canoes. We decided we needed three, so he asked for‖trois canneurs‖ which he thought was the French for ―three canoes.‖ We got our canoes; we spent the afternoon on the river; we came back. And Stephen went in to return the canoes and collect the deposit he’d paid on them. And as he walked in the door, they said ― Ah, hello Mr. Troiscanneurs…‖ C: Key words:

Trip Brazil street vendors unusual things fortune-teller eating France performer portrait

C1: In this part you are going to hear two people talking about Brazil and France. While listening, pay special attention to the interesting things that they can see or do on the streets in both countries. Then complete the chart by filling in the missing information.

C2: Now listen to the dialogue again and answer the following

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questions with key words. Tapescript;

F---friend C---Cathy

F: Hi, Cathy! Welcome back! How was your trip to Brazil?

C: Oh, I loved every minute of it! Brazil is so different from any place I’ve ever been to, and there is so much to see there. F: yeah? Well, how’s it different?

C: Well, you can find all sorts of street vendors in the cities. I went to some street markets where they sold really unusual things, like special powders that attract men… or objects to cure snake bites. F: Wow!

C: And in one city I went to, I got my fortune told on the street. F: Oh, yeah?

C: Yeah! The fortune-tellers use shells to tell your fortune. They throw the sells on acloth, and the way they land tells about your fortune. F: Huh! I’ve never heard of that before.

C: Mmm, but my favorite street activity was eating! In Bahia, you can buy these round cakes made of bean flour and filled with hot spices. They’re fired and they are delicious! [Hmm.] They’re specially there.

F: Well, that sounds great. You know, I remember that when I went to France two years ago, I saw some pretty unusual things on the city streets, too. C; Really? Like what?

F: Well, in Paris, you could watch all kinds of street performers. There were folk singers with guitars, classical musicians…[Oh, wow!] Sometimes you could even see actors performing in plays. C:That sounds like a lot of fun!

F: Oh, it is. You realy see all sorts of things on the streets of Paris. In fact, you can even have your portrait painted right on the street. [Wow!] Yeah, the art students do them to practice drawing and painting. C: Did you have your portrait done there? F: Yeah, I did. In fact, I had it done twice! Part III

Life here and there

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A: Key words:

busy summer winter moutainous crowded

A1: john is British but has worked in Japan. Etsuko is Japnese from Osaka but she is studyng in Britain. In the following passage you are going to hear, they are comparing life as they see it in the two countries. But before listening to it, think of the two countries and try to answer the following pre-listening questions.

1. Do you know something about the geographical and climatic conditions in Japan and Britain?

2. guess the way the two speakers may compare the life as they see in Japan and Britain.

3. Now listen to the passage and make notes about the features they mention and the comparisons they make between the two countries. Then fill in the gaps in the chart below with key words. 1…the Japan? 2…the Japan? 3…the England? 4…the winter in japan? In the north, much colder than England, -30℃ 5…the countryside in Much flatter than in Beautiful England? japan? Japan? Japan mountainous than britain more rocky, more 6…the countryside in More summer in summer people What does John say What does Etsuko say about… British in about… through Saturday Horrible, humid and hot Cooler in Much busier than the Work from Monday 7…the mountains in Much higher and much beautiful 8…the towns, villages More crowded 共13页 第9页

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and cities in japan? 9…the house in Japan? smaller 10…the buildings in Japanese cities?

Tapescript:

J---John E---Etsuko

J: I found that living in Japan, people were busier. They seem to work the whole day.

E: Yes, that’s right. We work from Monday through Saturday, even in summer. You know, summer in Japan is just horrible. It’s very, very humid and hot, and you need to take showers three times a day. J: So you find it cooler in England? E: Yes, that’s right.

J: where I was living inJapan, in the north, it was much colder than England, especially in winter---minus thirty degrees centigrade. Does the winter in Osaka last longer than the winter in England? E: No, I don’t thin so. December, January, February, March… J: Yes. It’s a little bit shorter if anything.

E: Ever since I came here, I noticed that the countryside here in England is really beautiful.

J: It’s much flatter than in Japan.

E: Yes, Japan is a mountainous country and our cities are full of people. There are lots of people in a limited flat area…

J: Yes. I found japan much more mountainous than Britain, especially in the north. The mountains are much higher and much more rocky. I found it more beautiful than britain, I think. E: Yes, if you like mountains!

J: Aand so therefore the towns and villages tend to be more crowded. E: Yes, that’s right.

J: Yes. So because the cities are more crowded, the houses tend to be smaller, don’t they?

E: yes, they are very compact, and we don’t have a lot of space. In big

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Very compact, not a lot of space A lot of taller buildings now 英语视听说1讲稿

cities you have a lot of taller buildings now.

J: Is this a problem because there are more earthquakes in Japan? E: Yes, that’s right, and…er… B: Key words:

Sign geature approval disapproval positive negative nonverbal

Listen to the passage “Gestures of approval and disapproval.” While listening, act out each gesture. Make sure you know what each gesture is. Refer to the pictures if you don’t know a gesture. Aand then complete the caption below each of the pictures. The country names in the following box are for your reference. Tapescript: Did you know that…

 you can give the ―V for Victory‖ sign in the U.S, but the same gesture elsewhere would be obscene?

 passing objects or gesturing with your left hand is an offense in many countries?

 you are expected to smack and suck loudly at dinner in some cultures?  you’d better not talk with your hands in your pockets?  pointing with your index finger is impolite in most cultures?

These and many other small but important facts are contained in the nonverbal world of gestures. Let’s start with gestures of approval and disapproval. Guestures of Approval

The OK sign(an ―O‖ or circle formed by the fingers of one hand) means strong approval or goodness in North American culture. However, as mentioned earlier it is obscence or rude in many parts of Latin Aamerica, Europe, Asia, and elsewhere. To the French, the OK gesture means ―zero‖ or ―worthless,‖ not ―fine‖ or ―OK‖.

Many cultures, including France and a number of Latin American countries, show approval by the thumbs-up gesture. But in Bangladesh, the same sign means rejection, not approval! Two thumbs are better than one in Kenya, where this double sign means approval. The thumb and all

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fingertips pulled together( ―the hand purse‖), while waving toward the body, means ― good‖ in Tunisia. Unfortunately, the same sign can also mean ― Wait!‖

In many parts of the world, people often use hand clapping to show thanks or positive feelings. Greeks indicate approval or ―yes‖ by tilting their heads to either side. Downward nodding can mean approval in Lebanon and Iran. In Tonga, raising the eyebrows indicates agreement or liking.

An Italian gesture of praise or happiness is the‖ cheek screw,‖ in which the person pokes his or her index finger into the cheek and twists it. Kissing one’s own fingertrips is a sign of happiness, joy, and utter approval of something or someone especially in Europe and Latin America. Guestures of Disapproval

Guestures of disapproval, dislike, or ―no‖ are just as varied. Mexico and Costa Rica use the gesture of shaking the whole hand from side to side with the index finger extended and the palm outward. A similar gesture is used all the way in Japan.

In Bolivia and Honduras, people wave the index finger as a negative sign. In Lebanon, negativity can also be expressed by shaking the index finger from side to side.

Folks in Barbados express disgust by puckering their lips and making a sound( chupse). In Bangladesh, the thumbs-up sign is used to show disapproval or rejection, not approval. In greece, Iran, and Italy, a slight upward nod ( the head toss) shows ―no‖.

In many countries around the globe, a common sign for saying ―Go away‖ is brushing the fingers or the hand toward the irritating person or thing. No wonder it is called the ―brush-off‖. Part IV

International business Key words:

do business tip nationality

A: listen to the following passage on international business. After the passage you will hear five staments. Decide whether they are true or false. Write “T” or “F” in the brakets. Tapescript:

China is the biggest market in the world, and many countries such as Germany, the USA, the UK and Russia do a lot of business there. Let’s have a look at some important tips to help you be successful with these nationalities.

Firstly ,you must be punctual with germans. Even5 minutes late makes a bad impression. Being punctual is also very important in the USA. In the

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UK, it’s important to be punctual for business meetings, but nobody expects you to be on time for a social event. Half past seven really means quarter to eight, or even eight o’clock! With Russians, always be on time, but don’t be surprised if your Russian contact is very late! It is not unusual for them to be one or even two hours late!

In all four countries, it is best to dress formally and use dark colors. In Russia, designer clothes are very common. Don’t be surprised if you go to an office in the UK on a Friday and find everyone wearing jeans. Many companies have ―dress down Friday‖, when people wear casual clothes. In Germany, first names are only used with family members and close friends, so be prepared to use titles and last names. In the USA you will usually be invited to use first names almost immediately. The British are quite informal and using first names in business is more and more common, especially amony younger people. In russia, however, nobody uses first names, so use titles and last names.

In conversation, the British and the Americans value humor, and both like to talk about sport. The weather is also a good topic of conversation with the british, but avoid talking about politics. In Russia, avoid making complains. The germans, however, prefer to get straight down to business! Finally, when doing business in all countries make sure you have a lot of business cards. Remember that in Germany, once a deal has been agreed, you can’t change it! In the USA, money is more important than relationships, wheras in russia it’s important to get to know your contact well. Finally, don’t be surprised if a British meeting seems like chaos, with everybody participating and giving opinions!

So ,use these tips, and you will be on your way to a successful international business career! Statements:

1. It’s OK to be late in the USA, but not in germany. 2. ―Dress down Friday‖ is common in all four countries. 3. In the USA, it is common to use first names.

4. The Germans don’t like you to change your mind. 5. Brithish meetings seem to be well-organized.

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