Module 1 How to learn English
1. pair n. (相关的)两个人,一对,一双,一副
a pair of socks一双袜子a pair of gloves一副手套 two pairs of trousers两条裤子
2. correct
(1)v. 改正,纠正 The teacher returned to her room to correct exercise books. (2)adj. 正确的;恰当的 Do you have the correct time? 你的表走得准吗?
3.advice
(1)n.意思是“意见,建议”,为不可数名词,可用some,much,a piece of,pieces of等修饰,不能说an advice或many/a few advices。
(2)表示“有关……的建议”时,用介词on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。 Let’s ask for his advice on what to do next. 我们去征求一下他的意见下一步该怎么办。 拓展: advise vt.建议
常见搭配:advise sb. to do sth. ---My teacher advises me to leave now.老师建议我现在就离开。
4.We should always speak English in class.我们应该总是在课堂上说英语。 should是情态动词,意思是“应该”。通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务。 should/shouldn’t do sth. 例如:He should work harder. 他应该更加努力。 You should help your mother with the housework. 你们应该帮妈妈做家务。
5.Let’s try to speak English as much as possible.让我们一起尽可能地说英语。 a). try to do sth. 努力做某事;Try doing sth. 试着做某事(尝试成功) try one’s best to do sth 尽全力做某事
They are trying to study English well.他们正努力学好英语。 I am trying doing it in this way.我正试着用这种方法做。
We should try our best to help the people in trouble. 我们应该尽最大努力帮助困境中的人们。 b). as much as possible译为“尽量”、“尽最大努力(可能)”,主要用于 as...as possible/one can。 You should rest as much as possible. 你应当尽量多休息。
I have helped you as much as I can. 我已尽我所能地帮助你了。
6.Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends. 每次你将会学习一些新东西。我也建议你和朋友们谈论电影或歌曲。
time的用法: (1)time侧重指“时间”这一概念,或说明“时间”的量,time用作不可数名词,前面可much, little, a lot of, plenty of等修饰。
This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season. 这节省了时间,使农民能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼。 (2)当作“次数;倍数”讲时,time是可数名词。 I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 (3)time构成的短语:
at times /from time to time有时,偶尔; all the time 总是,一直; in time及时; on time 准时; (4)time构成的句型:
It’s time for sb. to do sth. 该是某人干……的时间了。 It’s time for children to go to bed. 是小孩睡觉的时候了。
14.I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room. 我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里。
suggest,做动词,表示“建议,提议”的意思,对应的名词是suggestion。suggest的用法: a). suggest sth.
b). suggest (one’s) doing sth.
c). suggest that sb. (should) do sth.
She suggested an early start. 她建议早一点出发。
I suggested his / him giving up the foolish idea. 我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头。
She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday. 她建议班会不要在星期六举行。
Module 2 My home town and my country
1.It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000. 它(剑桥)位于康河河畔,人口约为12万。
population n. 意思是“人口,居民”,它是一个集体名词。
① population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 The world’s population is increasing faster and faster. 全世界的人口增长得越来越快。 ② 当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式。
About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 中国约有百分之七十人口是农民。 ③ 有时population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。
China has a population of about 1.3 billion. =There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China. 中国大约有十三亿人口。
④表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“small”。 India has a large population. 印度人口众多。
Singapore has a small population. 新加坡人口少。
⑤ 询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“How much...?”,而用“How large...?”。在问具体人口时用“What...?”。
—What is the population of Canada? = How large is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少?
—The population of Canada is about 29 million. 加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。
2.It has a population of about seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. 它(伦敦)大约有750万人口,所以比剑桥更大更繁忙。 (1)million是数词,意思是“百万”。它的用法如下:
① 当与具体数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且也不后接介词of。
three million people 三百万人 He was prepared to pay two million. 他愿意支付200万。
但是,后面的名词有了the, these, those等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us, them 这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词 of。
About three million of them have left there. 他们当中约有三百万人离开了那儿。
②当不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要用复数,而且要后接介词of,然后才能接名词。
A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds. 一个粗心的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的损失。
拓展:与million有相同用法的数词还有:hundred(百), thousand(千), billion(十亿)。
本节课主要学习形容词的比较级的规则变化及用法。 (1)规则变化: 类别 构成方法 原级 一般直接加-er long tall 不发音的e结尾时加-r late 单音节词和少数双音large 节词 辅音字母加y结尾时把easy y变i,再加-er happy 重读闭音节结尾并且big 只有一个辅音字母时,hot 双写最后的辅音字母, 再加-er 比较级 longer taller later larger easier happier bigger hotter (2)形容词比较级用法
① 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A…+比较级+than+B”。 Li Lei’s room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大。
② 有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级。 It is much colder today than before. 今天比以前冷得多。 ③比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。 I am two years older than he. 我比他大两岁。
This building is 20 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高20米。 ④表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。 Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。
⑤表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。
It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。
Our home town is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡越来越漂亮了 ⑥ 表示“越……就越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。 The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴。
Module 3 Sports
形容词和副词的比较级的规则变化和不规则变化: (1)规则变化: 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 多音节词和部分双音在原级前加more careful more careful 节词 beautiful more beautiful 在原级前加less important less important useful less useful (2)不规则变化: 原级 比较级 good/well(身体好的) better many/much more bad/ill worse little less far farther(较远) further(进一步) old older elder(较年长的) Module 4 Planes, ships and trains 形容词与副词最高级变化
(1)规则变化: 形容词最高级必须+the,副词可省略。 类别 构成方法 原级 一般直接加-est long tall 不发音的e结尾时加-st late large 单音节词和少数双音辅音字母加y结尾时把easy 节词 y变i,再加-est happy 重读闭音节结尾并且big 只有一个辅音字母时,hot 双写最后的辅音字母, 再加-est 在原级前加most careful beautiful 多音节词和部分双音(最多) 节词 在原级前加least important (最少) useful (2)不规则变化: 原级 最高级 good/well(身体好的) best many/much most bad/ill worst little least far farthest(最远的) furthest(最大程度的) old oldest eldest(较年长的) 最高级 longest tallest latest largest easiest happiest biggest hottest most careful most beautiful least important least useful (3)形容词最高比较级用法
① 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。(of表示同范围,in表示不同范围) He is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。
② 表示三或三者以上人或物选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。 Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? 哪个城市最漂亮,北京,上海还是福州?
③ 表示“最…的…之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。 Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。 ④ 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。
The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.长江是中国第一大长河。
⑤ 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定冠词the。 This is our last lesson today.这是我们今天的最后一节课。 ⑥ 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。
Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的学生。
=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高。
1.形容词变成副词的规律。
一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如:quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly等。 特殊情况: 构成方法 例子 一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,要把y改happy—happily, 为i再加-ly。 angry—angrily 有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e加-y。 possible —possibly terrible—terribly 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。 true—truly 但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。 polite —politely wide—widely 以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾careful—carefully 加-ly,而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll结尾的才在useful—usefully 词尾只加-y。 full—fully 4.-ing形容词和-ed形容词的区别。 -ing形容词 -ed形容词 例句 interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的 I have an interesting book. He is interested in science. exciting令人兴奋的 excited感到兴奋的 Have you heard of the exciting news? We are excited about the traveling. moving令人感动的 moved受感动的 Titanic is a moving film. We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply. 表示主动意义,多指事表示被动意义,多指人We are all interested in the interesting story. 物对人的影响,一般修对事物的感受,主语一 饰事物。 般是人,常用于“sb.+-ed 形容词+介词”结构。 Module 5 Lao She Teahouse 重点知识讲解
send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb. every/each(每个)+V单数
tired累的(人)tiring累的(物、事) think of认为 think about考虑
take sth. out of 拿出 take away拿走,带走 take off飞机起飞、脱衣服 get up起床
on one’s way to …在某人去。。的路上 in the end 最后、最终
take sb. to sw. 到某人到某地
No idea. =I have no idea.= I don’t know.
1.offer
(1)做动词,意思是“提供;提议;提出”。常用的搭配:
① offer sth. ---Many people willingly offered their blood. 很多人自愿献血。 ② offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 把某物给予某人
The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus. =The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus. 那个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人。
③ offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 ---She offered to lend me her bike. 她提出将自行车借给我。 (2)做名词,表示愿做某事或给予某物(后接of/to do sth) 。
Thank you for your kind offer of helping me. = Thank you for your kind offer to help me. 谢谢你提供的帮助。
2.Show做及物动词,意为“展示;显示;给……看”,show后可接双宾语。 ① show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb. 给某人看或者展示某物
Show me your pen, please.=Show your pen to me, please.请让我看一下你的钢笔。
注意:在“show+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构中,若直接宾语为指物的代词it或them时,只能用“show it(them) to sb.”结构。
你有一支钢笔,请给我看看。 You have a new pen, please show it to me. √
②意为“带领”,常构成短语show sb. to, 意为“带某人去…”;show sb. around,意为“带某人参观”。
Please show me to your school. 请带我到你们学校去。
Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm. 王叔叔将带领我们参观他的农场. ③ show+ that从句 看出或者显示说明……
Your homework shows that you are careful.从你的作业上可以看出你很认真。 !!show还可用作名词,意为“展览;陈列;演出”,常构成短语on show,意为“陈列,展览” 。 ---There is going to be a picture show in our school. 我们学校将举办一次画展。 ---His pictures are on show now. 他的画现在正在展览。
难点知识讲解:动词不定式(I) (1)动词不定式的含义
生活中我们常遇到“我努力去理解”、“决定留下来”等表达方式,其中连续出现了两个动词,这种情况下英语应该如何表达呢?首先请看下面的例句: We decided to stay for a cup of tea.我们决定留下来喝杯茶。 I tried to understand the words.我努力理解这些话。 I want to go to the teahouse. 我想去茶馆。
这三个句子中使用了decide to do sth.,want to do sth.,try to do sth.的表达方式,即行为动词后的动词都采用了“to+动词原形”的结构。我们把这种结构称为动词不定式。其否定形式是“not to do”。
(2)动词不定式作宾语的用法
动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容。
在英语中,并不是所有两个动词连用时都采用“动词+不定式”的形式,一般说来,用不定式时,所表示的多为将来的行为。但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆,因为动词不同,其后动词形式的要求也就不同。
常见的后面接“to十动词原形”作宾语的动词有:plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love等。
---Tom refused to lend me his pen.汤姆拒绝把他的钢笔借给我。 ---We hope to get there before dark.我们希望在天黑之前到达那儿。 ---The girl decided to do it herself.这个女孩决定自己做。
Module 6 Animals in danger get close to 接近\\靠近
be interested to do sth.. 感兴趣去做某事
be\\get\\become interested in sth.\\doing sth对某事\\做某事感兴趣
in danger 处于危险中\\濒临灭绝 look after =take care of照顾、照管、看管、照料 find out 找出、查明 protect the animals 保护动物 in the wild 在野外 lose their home 失去家园
do a lot of research 做大量研究 in order to +do sth. =to do sth. 为了做某事
set up natures parks 设立自然公园 develop plans 制定计划 go back to =return to 回归、回到 work hard 努力工作\\学习 be worried about =worry about 担心 a symbol of … 的象征\\标志 raise money 集资,筹款 have a safe place to live 有安全住处
in peace和平的 be sure of/about sth.对某事有把握、确信 be sure to do sth.确信去做某事 hear of sth.听说
the capital of…..的首都 what’s your favourite…你最喜欢的。。。是什么? a fan of…的粉丝
not only…but also..不但。。而且。。(就近原则)
动词不定式
(1)不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,或省略to用动词原形。在句中使用时不能作谓语,但可以和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
---The mother wants her to read English every day.母亲要她的儿子每天读英语。 ---My mother asked me not to read in bed.我的母亲要求我不要躺在床上看书。 (2)不定式的句法作用:
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用,它可以作宾语、宾补和状语。 ① 作宾语 ---He wants to go out with her.他想和她一起出去。(want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”) 注意:
a. 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望, 如:would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。
---Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗?
b. 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。 ---I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语很简单。
② 作宾语补足语:动词不定式作宾补时,它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。 ---Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露丝要他关小收音机。(他关小收音机)
注意:动词不定式在使役动词make, let和感官动词see, watch, hear, feel等词后作宾补时,常省去不定式符号to。had better(最好), would rather(宁可)后的不定式也不带to,help后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。
---Her mother makes her do homework every evening.她母亲要她每天晚上都写作业。 ---Let’s see the dolphins. 我们去看海豚吧。
---I hear her sing every day. 我听见她每天都唱歌。 ---You’d better do homework first.你最好先做作业。
③ 作目的状语,表示某一动作或状态的目的,常常翻译成“为了……”。它可置于句首或者句末。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加 in order to或so as to。 ---Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter. 王女士去上海看望她的女儿。 ---To arrive in time, we’ll start early.为了及时到达,我们将早出发。
---We should work hard in order to pass the exam.=We should work hard so as to pass the exam. 我们应该努力学习以便我们能通过考试。
注意:不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。
They told us not to play basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要打太长时间的篮球。 You’d better not go to bed late. 你最好不要睡觉太晚。
M7 A famous story
1. a girl called Alice.此处called为过去分词,修饰girl,放在名词之后。相当于named. 2.fall down 跌倒,掉下 fall behind 跟不上,落在……后面fall into 落入…中 fall off 从…上掉下来 fall back 退回 fall asleep 入睡 fall ill 生病 ---She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.
---Leaves fall off the trees in fall.
---They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.
3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone. in a tree (外来物或人)在树上
on a tree (树上本身有的东西:apple等)在树上
There is a bird in the tree. // There are a lot of apples on the tree.
smile at sb 对sb微笑: Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others. 4.“到达”的表达:
arrive in+大地点arrive at+小地点; get to +地点; reach +地点 (get home\here\\here) 5. have a tea party 举办茶会
6. To see if you remember the story.
To see 为不定式,在此处作目的状语,表示“为了看看”
If引导的是一个宾语从句,表示“是否”,不充当任何成分,与whether可以互换 7. have nothing to do 没什么事可做 nothing\\something to eat\\drink nothing 作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数
8. once or twice=from time to time偶尔: Once or twice he goes to school on foot. once 一次 twice 两次 三次及以上:数词+times three times six times 9. what……for?=why……? 为什么? ;……有什么用?
--- (1) ---What are you sitting on the eggs for? ---I’m sitting on them to hatch the chicks. --- (2) ---Why are you late again? ---Because there is an accident on the road. 10. nothing strange 没什么奇怪的事
形容词strange作后置定语,修饰不定代词nothing。在英语中,当形容修饰不定代词something\\anything\\nothing\\everything等时,形容词必须放在不定代词后面,作后置定语。 ---I have something important to do.
---There is something strange appeared in the sky.
11. hear sb do sth 听到sb 做sth(此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,类似的有make\\let\\have\\help sb do sth 等)
hear sb doing sth 听到sb 正在做sth
---I heard her play the piano in the next room just now. ---I hear someone singing in the room. 12.take sth out of sp 把sth从sp掏出 rush\\jump out of sp 从sp冲\\跳出去
13. across 表示动作是在物体的表面进行,如过河,过桥,过马路。 through 表示动作是在物体的内部空间进行,如穿过森林、门、隧道,光线射入等 ---Be careful to look both ways before you go across the road. ---The driver must slow down when they drive through the tunnel. 14. too……to…… 太……而不能…… ---He is too young to carry the heavy bag.
拓展:(1) too……to……可以和so……that……互换
---She is too young to go to school. =She is so young that she can’t go to school.
(2) too……to……可以和not……enough to……互换(not后的形容词与too后的形容词是相反的) She is too young to go to school. =She is not old enough to go to school. 15. land on 落到……上;着陆
---The plane will land on the island in five minutes.
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