2023年北京市高考英语试卷(解析版)

参与试题解析

第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1．（15分） I was always timid（羞怯的）.Being new to the school made me even （1）　B　，so it was surprising I'd （2）　D　to anyone around me.Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on\"Why I Should Not Talk in Class\".That would take all night! After I got home，though.I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain.

When I finally sat down to （3）　C　，I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.Talking kept me and my neighbours from （4）　A　.One paragraph down；now what？I chewed on my pencil.Aha!What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal？Without the education I was throwing away，I'd turn to theft and go to prison.When I got out，people would say，\"She used to talk in class.\"The pages began （5）　B　.

But when mum got home from work，I was still （6）　C　，\"Five pages!That's impossible!\"

\"Well，you'd better get back to work，\" she said.\"and I want to read it when you're through.\"

Soon after dinner，I handed the essay to mum.I half expected a（7）　A　﹣at least an\"I hope you've learned your lesson\". （8）　D　，mum laughed and laughed as she read. The next day，when Ms Black read the essay to the class，everyone laughed.I could （9）　C　 they weren't making fun of me：they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story.My（10）　B　 still needed some nudging（激发），but I did learn I wasn't shy in print.

（1）（2）（3）

A.freerA.nodA.weep

B.shyerB.pointB.rest

C.calmerC.listenC.write

D.happierD.chatD.read

（4）（5）（6）（7）（8）（9）（10）

A.learningA.standing out A.celebrating A.lectureA.Therefore A.hopeA.patience

B.playingB.flying byB.longingB.reasonB.MoreoverB.imagineB.confidence

C.planningC.breaking upC.complainingC.rewardC.MeanwhileC.tellC.tolerance

D.laughingD.checking inD.warningD.solutionD.InsteadD.predictD.independence

【答案】（1）﹣（5）BDCAB （6）﹣（10）CADCB

【解答】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.freer更自由的；B.shyer更害羞的；C.calmer更冷静的；D.happier更高兴的。句意：初来乍到让我更加害羞，所以很惊讶我会和周围的人聊天。根据上句I was always timid可知我总是很胆小。说明刚到新学校让我更加害羞。故答案为B。

（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.nod点头；B.point指向；C.listen听；D.chat聊天。句意：初来乍到让我更加害羞，所以很惊讶我会和周围的人聊天。根据下句Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on\"Why I Should Not Talk in Class\".可知现在我付出了代价﹣﹣﹣写一篇五页的文章，题目是\"为什么我不应该在课堂上说话\"。说明令人惊讶的是，我会和身边的任何人聊天。故答案为D。

（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.weep哭泣；B.rest休息；C.write写；D.read读书。句意：当我终于坐下来开始写作时，我从布莱克女士想听的理由开始。根据后文\"Well，you'd better get back to work，\" she said.\"and I want to read it when you're through.\"可知\"好吧，你最好回去工作，\"她说。\"你看完后，我想看看。\"说明我在写东西。故答案为C。（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.learning学习；B.playing玩；C.planning计划；D.laughing笑。句意：谈话使我和我的邻居无法学习。根据前文Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on\"Why I Should Not Talk in Class\".That would take all night!可知现在我付出了代价﹣﹣﹣写一篇五页的文章，题目是\"为什么我不应该在课堂上说话\"。那要花一整晚的时间！说明谈话使我和我的邻居无法学习。故答案为A。

（5）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.standing out突显；B.flying by飞过；C.breaking up分手；D.checking in登记入住。句意：书页开始飞逝。根据后文Soon after dinner，I handed the essay to mum可知晚饭后不久，我把文章交给了妈妈。说明文章开始飞逝。故答案为

B。

（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.celebrating庆祝；B.longing渴望；C.complaining抱怨；D.warning警告。句意：但是当妈妈下班回家时，我还在抱怨，\"五页！那不可能！\"根据下句\"Five pages!That's impossible!\"可知\"五页！那不可能！\"说明我还在抱怨。故答案为C。（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.lecture说教；B.reason原因；C.reward奖励；D.solution解决方法。句意：我有点期待一场说教﹣﹣﹣至少是一句\"我希望你已经吸取了教训\"。根据下文at least an\"I hope you've learned your lesson\".可知我有点期待一场说教﹣﹣﹣至少是一句\"我希望你已经吸取了教训\"。故答案为A。

（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover此外；C.Meanwhile同时；D.Instead相反。句意：相反，妈妈一边读一边笑。根据上句I half expected a（7）﹣at least an\"I hope you've learned your lesson\". （我有点期待一场说教﹣﹣﹣至少是一句\"我希望你已经吸取了教训\"。）和下句mum laughed and laughed as she read.（妈妈一边读一边笑。）可知前后句是相反的。故答案为D。

（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.hope希望；B.imagine想象；C.tell告诉，判断；D.predict预测。句意：我知道他们没有取笑我。根据下句they weren't making fun of me可知我知道他们没有取笑我。故答案为C。

（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.patience耐心；B.confidence自信；C.tolerance忍受；D.independence。句意：我的自信仍然需要一些推动，但我确实知道我在书面语方面并不害羞。根据上句they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story可知他们笑了，因为我有能力讲一个有趣的故事。说明我非常自信。故答案为B。

第二节（共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。2．（15分）

A

Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules，such as ones on punctuality（守时）.I'm British.Soon after moving to Switzerland，I（1）　threw　（throw）a house﹣warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up （2）　exactly　（exact） on time.Years later，having moved to France.I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner，only to find that no other guest（3）　arrived/had arrived　（arrive） and my hostess was still in her

sleeping suit.

B

Mangroves，known as\"red forest\" in China，grow between land and sea，characterised by their complex roots.When （4）　seen　（see） from afar，the mangrove forests appear more splendid.

Mangroves can help soften waves and protect （5）　cities　（city） from coastal winds.For these reasons，they are praised as \"coastal guardians\".Up to now，China （6）　has established　（establish）a number of protected areas with mangroves.

C

Nina has run marathons in 32 countries.All of her runs have a guiding purpose：to call attention （7）　to　global water issues.Nina recently finished her year﹣long series of runs in Chicago，（8）　where　thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action （9）　to address　（address）the struggles of people around the world （10）　facing　（face）\"too little water or too dirty water\".Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called\"Run Blue\".

【答案】（1）threw（2）exactly（3）arrived/had arrived（4）seen（5）cities（6）has established（7）to（8）where（9）to address（10）facing

【解答】（1）考查动词时态语态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我举办了一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故填threw。

（2）考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我举办了一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填exactly。

（3）考查动词时态。句意：我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人来，女主人还穿着睡衣。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，也可以理解为find是过去发现，arrive发生在find之前，所以是过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填arrived/had arrived。（4）考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮丽。see和句子主语the mangrove forests之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态were seen，此处前后句子主语一致，所以前面省略了主语和were，故填seen。

（5）考查可数名词的复数。句意：红树林可以帮助软化海浪，保护城市免受海风的侵袭。city为可数名词，所以用名词复数表示不止一个，故填cities。

（6）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一批红树林保护区。根据时间状语Up to now，可知用现在完成时态，主语为专有名词，所以have改为has。故填has established。

（7）考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。call attention to\"唤起注意\"，为固定搭配，故填to。

（8）考查非性定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。先行词为地点名词，在非性定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。

（9）考查动词不定式。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临\"水太少或水太脏\"的人们的斗争。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填to address。

（10）考查现在分词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临\"水太少或水太脏\"的人们的斗争。face和它所修饰的词people之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

3．（6分） The International Olympic Committee（IOC）Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport.Twenty﹣five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four﹣year period.They promote the Olympic values，spreading the message of sport for good.

To be an IOC Young Leader，you need to first complete the 4﹣Week Learning Sprint（冲刺）.

4﹣Week Learning Sprint

The 4﹣Week Learning Sprint，which will take place during November 2023，is a virtual learning programme.The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel.Each week，participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.

The 4﹣Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone，with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.

After successfully completing the 4﹣Week Learning Sprint，you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project，which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.

Requirements for the Applicants

•You have successfully completed the 4﹣Week Learning Sprint. •You have completed your high school studies. •You have at least one year of work experience. •You have strong public speaking skills. •You are self﹣motivated and committed.

•You are passionate about creating positive change in your community. •You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers（同伴）. •You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.

（1）In the 4﹣Week Learning Sprint，participants will 　B　.A.create change in their communityB.attend a virtual learning programmeC.meet people from different backgroundsD.promote the IOC Young Leaders project

（2）If selected as an IOC Young Leader，one will need to 　C　.A.complete a reflection task each weekB.watch sports on the IOC channelC.work on a sport﹣based projectD.coach and advise their peers

（3）Which is a requirement for the applicants？ 　B　A.Spreading the message of sport for good.B.Having at least one﹣year work experience.C.Showing great passion for project planning.D.Committing themselves to becoming an expert.【答案】（1）﹣（3）BCB

【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文章4﹣Week Learning Sprint部分的 The 4﹣Week Learning Sprint，which will take place during November 2023，is a virtual learning programme（为期4周的学习冲刺将于2023年11月进行，是一个虚拟学习计划）可知在为期4周

的学习冲刺中，参与者将参加一个虚拟学习项目。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章4﹣Week Learning Sprint部分的 After successfully completing the 4﹣Week Learning Sprint，you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project，which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.（在成功完成为期4周的学习冲刺后，你将需要提交一份基于体育的项目计划，如果你被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，你将参与该项目。）可知如果被选为国际奥委会的青年领袖，他将需要从事一个以体育为基础的项目。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据文章 Requirements for the Applicants部分的You have at least one year of work experience.（你至少有一年的工作经验。）可知对申请人的要求是至少有一年的工作经验。故选B。

4．（8分） Sitting in the garden for my friend's birthday.I felt a buzz（振动） in my pocket.My heart raced when I saw the email sender's name.The email started off：\"Dear Mr Green，thank you for your interest\" and \"the review process took longer than expected.\"It ended with\"We are sorry to inform you…\"and my vision blurred（模糊）.The position﹣measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme﹣had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying，and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.

So I was shocked when，not long after the email，Professor Mary Devon，who was running the programme，invited me to observe the work being done in her lab.I jumped at the chance，and a few weeks later I was equally shocked﹣and overjoyed﹣when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab.What she proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to，but I was going to give it my all.

I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely.That project，which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert，not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn't.In the end.I had a new scientific interest to pursue.

When I applied to graduate school，I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction.And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before.When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit，it was undoubtedly

difficult.But this time I had the perspective（视角）to keep it from sending me into panic.It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.

Rather than setting plans in stone，I've learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered，even if they don't sound perfect at the time，and make the most of them.

（1）How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender's name？ 　A　A.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.

（2）After talking with Professor Devon，the author decided to 　D　.A.criticise the review processB.stay longer in the Sahara DesertC.apply to the original project againD.put his heart and soul into the lab work

（3）According to the author，the project with the robotics professor was 　B　.A.demandingB.inspiringC.misleadingD.amusing

（4）What can we learn from this passage？ 　C　A.An invitation is a reputation.B.An innovation is a resolution.C.A rejection can be a redirection.D.A reflection can be a restriction.【答案】（1）﹣（4）ADBC

【解答】（1）观点态度题。根据文章第一段My heart raced when I saw the email sender's name.The email started off：\"Dear Mr Green，thank you for your interest\" and \"the review

process took longer than expected.\"It ended with\"We are sorry to inform you…\"and my vision blurred（当我看到电子邮件发件人的名字时，我的心跳加速。邮件开头写道：\"亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注\"和\"审查过程比预期的要长。\"它以\"我们很抱歉地通知你……\"结束，我的视线模糊了）可知作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。故选A。（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段So I was shocked when，not long after the email，Professor Mary Devon，who was running the programme，invited me to observe the work being done in her lab.I jumped at the chance，and a few weeks later I was equally shocked﹣and overjoyed﹣when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab.What she proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to，but I was going to give it my all.（因此，当邮件发出后不久，项目负责人玛丽•德文教授邀请我去观察她实验室的工作时，我感到非常震惊。我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她邀请我和她谈谈我可以在她的实验室里进行的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊和欣喜。她提出的建议似乎没有我申请的最初项目那么令人兴奋，但我会全力以赴。）可知与德文教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。故选D。

（3）推理判断题。根据文章第三段 I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely.That project，which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert，not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn't.In the end.I had a new scientific interest to pursue.（我发现自己正在和一位机器人学教授一起研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术。那个项目，我可以在我的沙发上完成，而不是在炎热的沙漠中，它不仅经受住了封锁，而且在传统方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。我有了新的科学兴趣去追求。）可知机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。故选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Rather than setting plans in stone，I've learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered，even if they don't sound perfect at the time，and make the most of them.（我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不变地制定计划。）可知本文主要讲述了最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。因此C.A rejection can be a redirection.\"拒绝可以是重定向\"符合题意。故选C。5．（6分）

In recent years，researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short﹣termism is

now a significant problem in industrialised societies.The inability to engage with longer﹣term

causes and consequences leads to some of the world's most serious problems：climate change，biodiversity collapse，and more.The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where \"only the present exists，a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now\".

It has been proved that people have a bias（偏向） towards the present，focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health，well﹣being and financial stability of their future selves or community.In business，this bias surfaces as short﹣sighted decisions.And on slow﹣burning problems like climate change，it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices（牺牲） today that could make a major difference tomorrow.Instead，all that matters is next quarter's profit，or satisfying some other near﹣term desires.

These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause.It is fair to say，though，that our psychological biases play a major role.People's hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example，but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future.For instance，you might hear someone say：\"It's cold this winter，so I needn't worry about global warming.\"Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance，making people ignore longer﹣term trends that arguably matter more.This is when a pop star draws far more attention than，say，gradual biodiversity decline.

As a psychologist once joked，if aliens（外星人）wanted to weaken humanity，they wouldn't send ships；they would invent climate change.Indeed，when it comes to environmental transformations，we can develop a form of collective \"poor memory\"，and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary.Older people today，for example，can remember a time with insect﹣covered car windscreens after long drives.Children，on the other hand，have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.

（1）The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to 　D　.A.draw a comparison

B.introduce a topicC.evaluate a statementD.highlight a problem

（2）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ 　C　A.Climate change has been forgotten.B.Lessons of history are highly valued.C.The human mind is bad at noting slow change.D.Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.（3）What does the author intend to tell us？ 　A　A.Far﹣sighted thinking matters to humans.B.Humans tend to make long﹣term sacrifices.C.Current policies facilitate future decision﹣making.D.Bias towards the present helps reduce near﹣term desires.【答案】（1）﹣（3）DCA

【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段The inability to engage with longer﹣term causes and consequences leads to some of the world's most serious problems：climate change，biodiversity collapse，and more.The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where \"only the present exists，a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now\".（无法处理长期原因和后果导致了一些世界上最严重的问题：气候变化、生物多样性崩溃等等。历史学家弗朗西斯•科尔（Francis Cole）认为，西方已经进入了一个\"只存在当下的时代，这种当下的特点是瞬间的残酷和无休止的现在的无聊\"。）可知作者引用弗朗西斯•科尔主要是为了突出一个问题。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause.It is fair to say，though，that our psychological biases play a major role.People's hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example，but there are others（这些有偏见的观点不能归咎于单一的原因。不过，公平地说，我们的心理偏见起了主要作用。人们对延迟满足的犹豫不决是最明显的例子，但还有其他例子）可知人类的头脑不擅长缓慢的变化。故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据文章第二段It has been proved that people have a bias（偏向）

towards the present，focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health，well﹣being and financial stability of their future selves or community.In business，this bias surfaces as short﹣sighted decisions.And on slow﹣burning problems like climate change，it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices（牺牲） today that could make a major difference tomorrow.Instead，all that matters is next quarter's profit，or satisfying some other near﹣term desires.（事实证明，人们对现在有一种偏见，只关注当下引人注目的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定。在商业中，这种偏见表现为短视的决策。在气候变化等缓慢燃烧的问题上，这意味着不愿意今天做出小的牺牲，而这些牺牲可能会在明天产生重大影响。相反，最重要的是下一季度的利润，或者满足其他一些近期愿望。）可知作者想告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性。故选A。

6．（8分） What is life？Like most great questions，this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer.The reason is simple：we know of just one type of life and it's challenging to do science with a sample size of one.The field of artificial life﹣called ALife for short﹣is the systematic attempt to spell out life's fundamental principles.Many of these practitioners，so﹣called ALifers，think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.

So far no one has convincingly made artificial life.This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism，such as declarations of the field's doubtful scientific value.Alan Smith，a complexity scientist，is tired of such complaints.Asking about \"the point\" of ALife might be，well，missing the point entirely，he says.\"The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.\"Alan says.\"Some people ask me，'So what's the worth of artificial life？'Do you ever think，'What is the worth of your grandmother？'\"

As much as many ALifers hate emphasising their research's applications，the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs.Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife's cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamoured by a concept called open﹣ended evolution（演化）.This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity，to be a sort of\"novelty generator\".The only system known to exhibit this is Earth's biosphere.If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life's endless\"creativity\" in some virtunl model，those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.

Compared with the developments of Al，advances in ALife are harder to recognise.One

reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept﹣﹣life itself﹣is undefined.The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn't help either.The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths.For better or worse，ALife mirrors the very subject it studies.Its muddled（混乱的）progression is a striking parallel（平行线） to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.

Undefined and uncontrolled，ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty.It may be，of course，that these characteristics aren't in any way surprising or singular.They may apply universally to all acts of evolution.Ultimately ALife may be nothing special.But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps，just like life itself throughout the universe，the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.

（1）Regarding Alan Smith's defence of ALife，the author is 　A　A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful

（2）What does the word \"enamoured\" underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean？ 　C　A.Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.

（3）What can we learn from this passage？ 　B　A.ALife holds the key to human future.B.ALife and AI share a common feature.C.AI mirrors the developments of ALife.D.AI speeds up the process of human evolution.

（4）Which would be the best title for the passage？ 　D　A.Life Is Undefined.Can AI Be a Way Out？B.Life Evolves.Can AI Help ALife Evolve，Too？

C.Life Is Undefined.Can ALife Be Defined One Day？D.Life Evolves.Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve，Too？【答案】ACBD

【解答】（1）观点态度题。根据第二段So far no one has convincingly made artificial life.This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism，such as declarations of the field's doubtful scientific value.Alan Smith，a complexity scientist，is tired of such complaints.（到目前为止，还没有人令人信服地制造出人造生命。这一记录使ALife成为批评的成熟目标，比如宣称该领域的科学价值令人怀疑。复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这种抱怨。）可知，关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。

（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife's cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamoured by a concept called open﹣ended evolution（演化）.（人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引。）可知\"enamoured\"意为\"吸引\"。A.Shocked震惊；B.Protected保护；C.Attracted吸引；D.Challenged挑战。故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife's cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamoured by a concept called open﹣ended evolution（演化）.（人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引。）可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故选B。

（4）标题判断题。根据最后一段They may apply universally to all acts of evolution.Ultimately ALife may be nothing special.But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps，just like life itself throughout the universe，the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.（它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的。）可知，文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。Life Evolves.Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve，Too？（生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？）是最合适的标题。故选D。

第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

7．（10分） It's a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college.Families often turn to rankings

systems to help make a decision.（1）　D　 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education，they're often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.（2）　F　 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower﹣ranked universities，on average，scored higher on teaching than courses in higher﹣ranked universities.（3）　G　The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high﹣quality teaching and student success.Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.

Rankings，however，are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.Administrators often don't view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment（注册）or funding.（4）　B　Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching，the lower their salary.What is the result？Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures，which lead to lower success rates.

（5）　C　Nevertheless，not much will change until schools with high﹣quality teaching are rewarded with more resources，higher rankings and increased enrolments.In the long term，universities，organisations that rank schools，and others should work to make teaching a valued，core part of the mission.

What should students and their families do？They should give strong consideration to universities where high﹣quality teaching is valued，even though the schools may be ranked lower.

A.Higher education has achieved its true potential.B.Therefore，it's not highly valued in hiring or promotion.

C.Quality teaching has been an important reputation﹣building factor.D.However，the rankings ignore a critical factor：the quality of teaching.E.Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.F.They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.G.In fact，universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.【答案】DFGBC

【解答】（1）联系上文题。根据上文Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.（家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。）可知此处是和排名相关的内容。D项\"然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。\"符合语境。故选D。

（2））联系上文题。根据上文When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education，they're often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.（作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶于优秀的教学没有被列入排名。）可知，空处应是谈论他们惊讶的内容。F项\"更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。\"符合语境。故选F。

（3）语境衔接题。根据上文 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower﹣ranked universities，on average，scored higher on teaching than courses in higher﹣ranked universities.（最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。）及下文The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high﹣quality teaching and student success.（考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。）可知，此处是在说大学的排名重点不是教学。G项\"事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。\"符合语境。故选G。

（4）联系上文题。根据上文Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching，the lower their salary.What is the result？Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures，which lead to lower success rates.（然而，排名只是高等教育教学不受重视的原因之一。管理人员通常不把优秀的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式。）可知此处是说这样的管理导致的后果。B项\"因此，它在招聘或晋升中不被看重。\"符合语境。故选B。

（5）联系上文题。根据上文Nevertheless，not much will change until schools with high﹣quality teaching are rewarded with more resources，higher rankings and increased enrolments.（然而，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多的资源、更高的排名和更多的入学人数之前，情况不会发生太大变化。）此处是在说高质量教学。C项\"高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。\"符合语境。故选C。

第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4题；第（1）、（2）题各2分，第（3）题3分，第（4）题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

8．（12分） Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic.People develop countless habits as they explore the world，whether they are aware of them or not.Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.

Habits are built through learning and repetition.A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues（刺激）with behavioural responses that help meet the goal.Over time，thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered（触发）by these cues.

A \"habit loop（环）\" is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits.These elements are called the cue，the routine，and the reward.For example，stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating，which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress.While a routine involves repeated behaviour，it's not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge，as a habit is.

Old habits can be difficult to shake，and healthy habits are often harder to develop.But through repetition，it's possible to form new habits.The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors，including the individual and the intended behaviour.While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks.it takes many months to build a healthy habit.Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them（or don't）.Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change，including how the change reflects your values.

（1）How are habits built？ 　Habits are built through learning and repetition.　

（2）In what way is a routine different from a habit？ 　A routine is not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge，as a habit is.　（3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why. 　Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks，while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.According to the passage，while you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks，it takes many months to build a healthy habit.So building a healthy habit takes a longer time than picking up a new habit.　 Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks，while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.

（4）What benefit（s） have you got from one of your good habits？（In about 40 words） 　I run for half an hour after school every day，which benefits me a lot.Firstly，running can help me get fit and prevent diseases.What's more，it will provide relief from aches or tension that I may be have.　【答案】（1）Habits are built through learning and repetition.

（2）A routine is not necessarily performed in response toa deep﹣rooted urge，as a habit is.（3）Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks，while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.According to the passage，while you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks，it takes many months to build a healthy habit.So building a healthy habit takes a longer time than picking up a new habit.

（4）I run for half an hour after school every day，which benefits me a lot.Firstly，running can help me get fit and prevent diseases.What's more，it will provide relief from aches or tension that I may be have.

【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Habits are built through learning and repetition.（习惯是通过学习和重复养成的）可知习惯是通过学习和重复养成的。故答案为Habits are built through learning and repetition.

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段While a routine involves repeated behaviour，it's not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge，as a habit is.（虽然例行公事包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了回应根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样。）可知例行公事不一定是为了回应根深蒂固的冲动，而习惯则是。故答案为A routine is not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge，as a habit is.

（3）细节理解题。根据第四段While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks.it takes many months to build a healthy habit.（虽然你能在几周内养成一个新习惯。养成健康的习惯需要好几个月的时间。）可知习惯的养成需要很长时间而不是短时间。故答案为Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks，while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.According to the passage，while you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks，it takes many months to build a healthy habit.So building a healthy habit takes a longer time than picking up a new habit.

（4）开放回答题。表述合理即可。答案可为I run for half an hour after school every day，which benefits me a lot.Firstly，running can help me get fit and prevent diseases.What's more，

it will provide relief from aches or tension that I may be have.第二节（20分）

9．（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以\"绿色北京\"为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：（1）活动形式；（2）活动内容。注意：

（1）词数100左右；

（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim，

Yours，Li Hua

【答案】Dear Jim，

Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of \"Green Beijing\" and need my advice，I am writing to offer you my suggestions.

I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner，which means students can participate and have a better understanding of \"Green Beijing\" through getting involved in different activities by themselves.

You can showcase garbage classification on site，plant trees and publicize sharing economy which will all fit into the theme of \"Green Beijing\".

Hopefully，you will get some inspiration from my suggestions.Wish you success.

Yours，Li Hua

【解答】Dear Jim，

Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of \"Green Beijing\"and need my advice，I am writing to offer you my suggestions.【高分句型一】（写信目的）

I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner，which means students can participate and have a better understanding of\"Green Beijing\" through getting involved in different activities by themselves.（活动形式）

You can showcase garbage classification on site，plant trees and publicize sharing economy which will all fit into the theme of \"Green Beijing\".【高分句型二】（活动内容）

Hopefully，you will get some inspiration from my suggestions.Wish you success.（希望和祝福）

Yours，Li Hua