第一编专题一考点4
A(2019·天津卷，D)WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven－knows－whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》)．Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion：whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We'veallknownpeoplewhorun_out_of_steambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolearn，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself－pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我)，whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(视……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.文章大意：主题：人与自我(做人与做事)；话题：过有意义的成年人生活。本文是一篇议论文，文章主要论述了如何过一种有意义的成年人生活。1．ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat_B__.A．lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativityB．ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoalC．miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD．disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess解析：推理判断题。根据前两段中的描述，此人53岁，有债务，生活不幸，身上还有伤，但他下决心写一本书，而且此书还获得了成功，350多年后依旧受欢迎，可知作者通过Cervantes的故事来表明年龄不是一个人实现目标的障碍，故答案为B。2．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？_D__A．Endone'sstruggleforliberty.B．Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.C．Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D．Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分后作者说的“我谈论的是那些已经不再学习成长的人，因为他们已经接受了固定的态度和观点，这些都是随着时间的流逝而来的”可知，画线短语的意思是“没有兴趣继续学习”，故答案为D。3．WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4？_C__A．Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B．Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C．Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D．Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.解析：推理判断题。第四段提到我们在自己的专业领域里取得成功，然后深陷其中，没有什么使我们吃惊，我们失去了好奇心。但后一句说，如果我们愿意学习的话，机会无处不在。暗含的意思就是如果我们有好奇心的话，我们就有机会获得成功，故答案为C。4．WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5？_D__A．Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B．Awisemancanlivewithoutself－pity.C．Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D．Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.解析：推理判断题。作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要知道不管我们怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等等，由此可知第五段的主要意思是告诉我们要用合适的方法去对待生活。故答案为D。5．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage？_A__A．Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B．Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C．Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D．Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，作者通过一个例子引出他的主题：一个人如何过有意义的成年人生活。作者为我们提供了一些指导，要有动力，要有好奇心，要用适当的方式去生活等，故答案为A。B(2019·厦门市一模)ForestsarealwayslosersattheOlympics,andthat'sunlikelytochangeanytimesoon.ForthewintergamesinPyeongchang,ROK,virginforestwasdestroyedonMountGariwangtoaccommodateskiruns.Forthe2022WinterOlympicsinBeijing,askirunissettowipeoutpartoftheSongshanNationalNatureReserve.Andlet'snotforgetthe240acresofAtlanticForestthatwereleveledforthe2016gamesinRiodeJaneirotomakewayforagolfcourse.FortheupcomingTokyogames,environmentalandhumanrightsadvocateshavebeenraisingalarmsabouttheuseoftropicalwoodtobuildtheNewNationalStadium.Activistshavefoughtagainstsuchenvironmentaldestruction.Thedamageisoftenpermanent，threatensendangeredplantsandanimalsand,insomecases,causesconflictswithnativepeople.Butfrequentlythecountry'sorganizingcommittee,andtheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)havefoundwaystomakeitreasonable—despiteaparagraphintheOlympicCharterthatstatesthattheIOC'sroleisto“encourageandsupportaresponsibleconcernforenvironmentalissues.”“Asitstandsnow,theIOChaslittleauthorityoveracity'slocalorganizingcommittee，whichfinallyplanstheevent，”Chappelet,professorofpublicmanagementattheUniversityofLausanne,toldEarther.“EveniftheIOCisdissatisfiedwiththewayhostcitieshavepreparedforthegames,theyhavenobuilt－insystemstosupervise(监督)themsothattheystrictlyfollowtheOlympicCharter.Theonlythingtheycandoifthey'renothappyistowithdrawtherighttoorganizethegame.ButtheIOCcouldincludemoreenforcement(执行)systemsintothecontract(合同)theymakewiththehostcity，”headded.Thatcontractmustbesignedandobeyedbyeveryone.Thosewhobreakitcouldbefined.Boykoff,theauthorofseveralbooksontheOlympics,suggestedasimilarsolution.“TheIOCcouldinsistthathostcitiesprioritizetheirecologicalpromises,butinsteadtheylooktheotherway,timeandtimeagain，”hesaid.文章大意：本文主要讲述了为举办奥运会，每一届的主办方都牺牲了环境，对此国际奥委会也没有太可行的办法。6．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout？_D__A．PopularityoftheOlympics.B．DifferentneedsoftheOlympics.C．Importanceofprotectingforests.D．ProblemscausedbytheOlympics.解析：段落大意题。通读第二段可知，本段讲述了韩国为了举办冬季奥运会，砍伐原始森林给滑雪道提供空间；为了将在2022年举行的北京冬奥会，松山国家级自然保护区的一部分被规划修建滑雪道；还有在2016年的里约热内卢奥运会上，240英亩的大西洋森林也被夷为平地。由此可知，这些都是奥运会所导致的问题。故选D。7．WhatistheIOCexpectedtodoaccordingtotheOlympicCharter？_D__A．Leadthefightagainstdestruction.B．Withdrawtherightsofhostcities.C．Banthedestructionoftheenvironment.D．Promotearesponsibleconcernfortheenvironment.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话中的“...theInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)havefoundwaystomakeitreasonable...statesthattheIOC'sroleisto‘encourageandsupportaresponsibleconcernforenvironmentalissues.’”可知，“奥林匹克宪章”是希望奥委会促进对环境问题负责任的关注。故选D。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthetextreferto？_C__A．TheIOC．C．Hostcities.B．Built－insystems.D．Thegames.解析：代词指代题。根据第四段该画线词前面的“EveniftheIOCisdissatisfiedwiththewayhostcitieshavepreparedforthegames，theyhavenobuilt－insystemstosupervise(监督)them...”可知，即使国际奥委会对主办城市为奥运会做准备的方式感到不满，他们也不能来监督它们。由此推断后面sothat引导的从句中的they指代的是前面的hostcities，故选C。9．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？_B__A．IOCStressesItsActiveRoleB．PrizedForestsLostBigC．PerfectSolutionsAreFoundD．ConflictsAriseattheOlympics解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是举办奥运会，森林遭到了破坏。且由第一段提出的“森林总是奥运会的受害者，且这一情况不太可能在短期内改变”可判断，B项(珍贵的森林损失惨重)能概括文章的中心，为最佳标题。
