神经生理题库

1.A localized lesion in which of the following structures would be expected to produce prolonged coma?

A. Nucleus tractus solitarius

B. Locus ceruleus

C. Right frontal lobe

D. Both frontal lobes

E. Periaqueductal region at top of midbrain

2.关于兴奋性突触传递的叙述,哪一项是错误的?

A. 突触前轴突末梢去极化

B. Ca2+进入突触前膜内

C. 突触前膜释放递质是以102个分子为单位

D. 突触后膜Na+、K+，特别是Na+通透性增高

E. 突触后膜去极化达阈电位时，突触后神经元发放冲动

3.Retrograde amnesia

A. Is abolished by prefrontal lobotomy

B. Responds to drugs that block dopamine receptors

C. Is commonly precipitated by a blow on the head

D. Is increased by administration of vasopressin

E. Is due to damage to the brain stem

4.Which of the following is not characteristic of a reflex action?

A. Modification by impulses from various parts of the central nervous system

B. May involve simultaneous contraction of some muscles and relaxation of others

C. May involve either somatic or visceral responses but never both simultaneously

D. Always involves transmission across at least one synapse

E. Frequently occurs without conscious perception

5.Interruption of the motor pathways in the internal capsule on one side of the body causes

A. Spastic paralysis on the same side of the body

B. Spastic paralysis on the opposite side of the body

C. Loss of touch and pressure sensation on the opposite side of the body

D. Flaccid paralysis on the same side of the body

E. Flaccid paralysis on the opposite side of the body

6.Visceral pain

A. Shows relatively rapid adaptation

B. Is mediated by B fibers in the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves

C. Can sometimes be relieved by applying an irritant to the skin

D. Most closely resembles \"fast pain\" produced by noxious stimulation of the skin

E. Can be produced by marked and prolonged stimulation of touch receptors

7.突触前抑制的发生是由于

A. 突触前膜兴奋性递质释放量减少

B. 突触前膜释放抑制性递质

C. 突触后膜超极化

D. 中间抑制性神经元兴奋的结果

E. 以上原因综合的结果

8.A man falls into a deep sleep with one arm under his head. This arm is paralyzed when he awakens, but it tingles, and pain sensation in it is still intact. The reason for the loss of motor function without loss of pain is that in the nerves to his arm,

A. A fibers are more susceptible to hypoxia than B fibers

B. A fibers are more sensitive to pressure than C fibers

C. C fibers are more sensitive to pressure than A fibers

D. Sensory nerves are nearer the bone than motor nerves and hence are less affected by cooling

E. Sensory nerves are nearer the bone than motor nerves and hence are less affected by pressure

9.脊髓前角运动神经元轴突侧支与闰绍细胞形成的突触所释放的递质是

A. γ—氨基丁酸

B. 甘氨酸

C. 乙酰胆碱

D. 去甲肾上腺素

E. 5—羟色胺

10.A primary function of the basal ganglia is

A. Sensory integration

B. Short-term memory

C. Planning voluntary movement

D. Neuroendocrine control

E. Slow-wave sleep

11.电击头部或脑震荡可能导致

A. 逆行性遗忘症

B. 顺行性遗忘症

C. 近期记忆受损

D. 远期记忆受损

E. 近期和远期记忆障碍

12.切除猴小脑绒球小节叶后，将出现

A. 站立不稳

B. 四肢乏力

C. 运动不协调

D. 静止性震颤

E. 意向性震颤

13.The inverse stretch reflex

A. Has a lower threshold than the stretch reflex

B. Is a monosynaptic reflex

C. Is a disynaptic reflex with a single interneuron inserted between the afferent and efferent limbs

D. Is a polysynaptic reflex with many interneurons inserted between the afferent and efferent limbs

E. Requires the discharge of central neurons that release acetylcholine

14.以下属于丘脑非特异投射系统的主要细胞群是

A. 联络核和髓板内核群

B. 感觉接替核和联络核

C. 感觉接替核

D. 联络核

E. 髓板内核群

15.可被阿托品阻断的受体是

A. α受体

B. β受体

C. N型受体

D. M型受体

E. N型和M型受体

16.The representational hemisphere is

A. The right cerebral hemisphere in most right-handed individuals

B. The left cerebral hemisphere in most left-handed individuals

C. The part of the brain concerned with language functions

D. The site of lesions in most patients with aphasia

E. Morphologically identical to the opposite nonrepresentational hemisphere

17.Which of the following is a ligand-gated ion channel?

A. VIP receptor

B. Norepinephrine receptor

C. GABAA receptor

D. GABAB receptor

E. Metabotropic glutamine receptor

18.兴奋性突触后电位在突触后膜上发生的电位变化为

A. 极化

B. 超极化

C. 后电位

D. 复极化

E. 去极化

19.The distance by which two touch stimuli must be separated to be perceived as two separate stimuli is greatest on

A. The lips

B. The palm of the hand

C. The back of the scapula

D. The dorsum of the hand

E. The tips of the fingers

20.In which of the following disease is there reason to believe that the mesocortical system of dopamine neurons is hyperactive?

A. Parkinson’s disease

B. Manic-depressive psychosis

C. Schizophrenia

D. Hyperprolactinemia

E. Migraine

21.形成条件反射的基本条件是

A. 要有适当的无关刺激

B. 要有完整的大脑皮质

C. 要有非条件刺激

D. 非条件刺激出现在无关刺激之前

E. 无关刺激与条件刺激在时间上结合

22.Causalgia is

A. Associated with loss of hair in the affected area

B. Abolished by sectioning the sensory nerves in the affected area

C. Relieved by drugs that block glycine receptors

D. Relieved by drugs that block a1-adrenergic receptors

E. Relieved by drugs that block muscarinic cholinergic receptors

23.下列对皮质运动区功能特征的叙述，哪项是错误的

A. 对躯体运动的支配有交叉的性质，但对头面部的支配多数是双侧性的

B. 功能定位总的配布是倒置的，头面部代表区内部的配布为正的

C. 肌肉的运动越精细、越复杂，其代表区越大

D. 人工刺激所引起的肌肉运动反应为协同性收缩

E. 运动区的基本功能单位呈柱状结构

24.下列关于丘脑的感觉接替核的论述，哪一项是错误的？

A. 是一般经典感觉的第三级神经元

B. 后外侧腹核为脊髓丘脑束与内侧丘系的换元站，同躯体四肢感觉有关

C. 内侧膝状体是听觉传导的换元站

D. 外侧膝状体是视觉传导的换元站

E. 后内侧腹核为三叉丘系的换元站，与传导内脏感觉有关

25.关于突触传递的叙述，下列哪一项是正确的？

A. 双向传递

B. 不易疲劳

C. 突触延搁

D. 不能总和

E. 呈衰减性

26.脊髓突然被横断后，断面以下脊髓所支配的骨骼肌的紧张度

A. 增强，但能恢复正常

B. 增强，但不能恢复正常

C. 降低，能恢复但与正常不同

D. 降低，但能恢复正常

E. 基本不变

27.关于脊髓休克的下列论述，哪一项是错误的？

A. 脊髓突然被横断后,断面以下的脊髓反射活动即暂时丧失

B. 断面以下的脊髓反射、感觉和随意运动可逐渐恢复

C. 动物进化程度越高，其恢复速度越慢

D. 脊髓休克的产生，是由于突然失去了高位中枢的调节作用

E. 反射恢复后，第二次横断脊髓，不再导致休克

28.副交感神经系统不具有下列哪一特点

A. 节前纤维长，节后纤维短

B. 不支配某些脏器

C. 紧张性活动

D. 刺激节前纤维时反应比较局限

E. 在应急反应中活动明显增强

29.γ运动神经元轴突末梢释放的递质是

A. 乙酰胆碱

B. 去甲肾上腺素

C. 甘氨酸

D. 谷氨酸

E. 5-羟色胺

30.5—羟色胺神经元的胞体主要位于脑内的

A. 丘脑中线核群

B. 脑干中缝核群

C. 苍白球

D. 尾核

E. 壳核

31.The function of neuroglia is responsible for

A. transmiting impulse

B. metabolic exchange

C. contraction

D. secretion

E. absorption

32.人类脑电图α波最为显著的大脑部位是

A. 额叶

B. 颞叶

C. 顶叶

D. 枕叶

E. 前脑底部

33.边缘系统不包括

A. 大脑皮质边缘叶

B. 苍白球

C. 隔区

D. 杏仁核

E. 下丘脑

34.A lesion of Wernicke's area (the posterior end of the superior temporal gyrus) in the categorical hemisphere causes patients to

A. Lose short-term memory

B. Speak in a slow, halting voice

C. Experience déjà vu

D. Talk rapidly but make little sense

E. Lose the ability to recognize faces

35.下列关于腱器官的描述，正确的是

A. 与梭外肌纤维呈并联关系

B. 与梭内肌纤维呈并联关系

C. 是一种长度感受器

D. 传入纤维是Ⅱ类纤维

E. 作用意义在于避免肌肉拉伤

36.神经冲动抵达末梢时，引起递质释放主要有赖于哪种离子的作用？

A. Cl-

B. Ca2+

C. Mg2+

D. Na+

E. K+

37.关于神经胶质细胞的叙述，下列哪项是错误的？

A. 具有许多突起

B. 具有转运代谢物质的作用

C. 具有支持的作用

D. 没有轴突

E. 没有细胞能力

38.A man loses his right hand in a farm accident. Four years later, he has episodes of severe pain in the missing hand (phantom limb pain).A detailed PET scan study of his cerebral cortex might be expected to show

A. Expansion of the right hand area in his right somatic sensory area I (SI)

B. Expansion of the right hand area in his left SI

C. A metabolically inactive spot where his hand area in his left SI would normally be

D. Projection of fibers from neighboring sensory areas into the right-hand area

of his right SI

E. Projection of fibers from neighboring sensory areas into the right hand area of his left SI

39.人类小脑受损后可出现一些症状，下列哪一项是不会见到的

A. 运动共济失调

B. 肌张力降低

C. 平衡失调

D. 安静时出现震颤，做精细运动时震颤消失

E. 以上症状可由大脑皮质代偿而缓解

40.有关与ATP结合的嘌呤能受体，正确的描述是

A. Ｐ2Y受体激活后cAMP增加

B. P2U受体激活后cAMP减少

C. Ｐ２X受体激活后通IP3 和DG增加

D. Ｐ２Z受体激活后IP3 和DG减少

E. Ｐ２T受体是离子通道，可被ＡDP激活

41.交感神经节后纤维的递质是

A. 去甲肾上腺素

B. 多巴胺

C. 5—羟色胺

D. 乙酰胆碱

E. 去甲肾上腺素或乙酰胆碱

42.下列哪种情况最能说明去大脑僵直是由骨骼肌牵张反射亢进引起的

A. 刺激网状结构易化区，引起僵直

B. 横断脊髓后，断面以下僵直消失

C. 刺激前角运动神经元，引起僵直

D. 切断腹根传出纤维，僵直消失

E. 切断背根传入纤维，僵直消失

43.谈论梅子时引起唾液分泌是

A. 交感神经兴奋所致

B. 副交感神经兴奋所致

C. 第一信号系统的活动

D. 第二信号系统的活动

E. 非条件反射

44.内侧膝状体接受下列哪种感觉纤维投射?

A. 内侧丘系

B. 三叉丘系

C. 视觉传导束

D. 听觉传导束

E. 脊髓丘脑前束

45.萎缩性瘫痪是由于

A. 前回运动区全部损伤

B. 下运动神经元麻痹

C. 纹状体受损

D. 黑质病变

E. 小脑后叶受损

46.丘脑中发出特异投射纤维的最主要核团是

A. 内侧膝状体

B. 外侧膝状体

C. 后腹核

D. 丘脑前核

E. 外侧腹核

47.胆碱能M型受体存在于

A. 大多数副交感节后纤维支配的效应器细胞膜上

B. 神经-肌肉接头的后膜上

C. 自主神经节神经元上

D. 受交感节后纤维支配的虹膜辐射状肌上

E. 受交感节前纤维支配的肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞上

48.AMPA受体激活时，允许通过突触后膜的离子是

A. Ｎa+和Cl-，主要是Ｎa+

B. K+-和Cl-,主要是K+

C. Cl-和Ｃa2+,主要是Cl-

D. K+和Ｃa2+,主要是Ｃa2＋

E. Ｎa+和K+,主要是Ｎa+

49.Which of the following diseases is not caused by overexpression of a trinucleotide repeat?

A. Alzheimer’s disease

B. Fragile X syndrome

C. Spinocerebellar ataxia, type 3

D. Huntington’s disease

E. Friedreich’s ataxia

50.Which of the following does not exert an analgesic effect?

A. Tetrahydrocannabinol

B. Substance P antagonists

C. Cholinergic agonists

D. Histamine

E. Morphine

51.

A. Delta (0.5-4 Hz)

B. Theta (4-7 Hz)

C. Alpha (8-13 Hz)

D. Beta (18-30 Hz)

E. Fast, irregular low-voltage activity

52.下列哪项是人类新小脑受损时所特有的症状

A. 肌张力降低

B. 偏瘫

C. 静止性震颤

D. 意向性震颤

E. 位置性眼震颤

53.运动单位是指

A. 一个运动神经元

B. 一组具有相同功能的运动神经元群

C. 一组可产生某一动作的肌肉群

D. 一束肌纤维

E. 由一个运动神经元及所支配的全部肌纤维所组成的功能单位

54.

A. Ca2+

B. Cl-

C. K+

D. Na+和K+，尤其是Na+

E. Cl-和K+，尤其是Cl-

55.治疗震颤麻痹的最佳药物是

A. 左旋多巴

B. 依色林

C. 利血平

D. 乙酰胆碱

E. 5-羟色胺

56.下列关于条件反射的生物学意义的叙述，哪项是错误的

A. 后天形成，数量无限

B. 具有极大的易变性

C. 具有高度的适应性

D. 可脱离非条件反射完成

E. 条件反射建立的过程就是学习记忆的过程

57.下列关于视觉通路的描述，哪一项是正确的？

A. 右眼颞侧视网膜的传入纤维投射至左枕叶皮层

B. 左眼鼻侧视网膜的传入纤维投射至右枕叶皮层

C. 视网膜上半部的传入纤维投射到距状裂下缘

D. 视网膜下半部的传入纤维投射到距状裂上缘

E. 视网膜黄斑区的传入纤维投射到距状裂前部

58.下列关于神经胶质细胞的描述正确的是

A. 既有树突又有轴突

B. 与相邻细胞有突触联系

C. 细胞间普遍存在突触联系

D. 有随细胞外Na+浓度改变的膜电位

E. 有产生动作电位的能力

59.When γ motor neuron discharge increases at the same time as a motor neuron discharge to muscle

A. There is prompt inhibition of discharge in spindle Ia afferents

B. The contraction of the muscle is prolonged

C. The muscle will not contract

D. The number of impulses in spindle Ia afferents is smaller than when a discharge alone is increased

E. The number of impulses in spindle Ia afferents is greater than when a discharge alone is increased

60.传入侧支性抑制和回返性抑制全属于

A. 突触后抑制

B. 突触前抑制

C. 周围性抑制

D. 交互抑制

E. 前馈抑制

61.关于外周递质的叙述，下列哪项是错误的？

A. 副交感神经节前纤维释放的递质为乙酰胆碱

B. 交感神经节前纤维释放的递质为乙酰胆碱

C. 大多数副交感神经节后纤维释放的递质为乙酰胆碱

D. 交感神经节后纤维释放的递质为乙酰胆碱

E. 躯体运动神经末梢释放的递质为乙酰胆碱

62.Increased neural activity before a skilled voluntary movement is first seen in the

A. Spinal motor neurons

B. Precentral motor cortex

C. Basal ganglia

D. Cerebellum

E. Cortical association areas

63.下列哪项属于副交感神经的作用

A. 瞳孔扩大

B. 糖原分解增加

C. 逼尿肌收缩

D. 骨骼肌血管舒张

E. 消化道括约肌收缩

.逆行性遗忘症的机理可能是

A. 第一级记忆发生扰乱

B. 第二级记忆发生扰乱

C. 第三级记忆发生扰乱

D. 第一级记忆至第二级记忆过程发生扰乱

E. 海马环路的损害

65.以会聚学说和易化学说解释牵涉痛的主要依据是

A. 病区与放射部位源于相同胚胎节段和皮节

B. 体表局部麻醉不能取消剧烈的牵涉痛

C. 体表局部麻醉可消除轻微的牵涉痛

D. 脊髓后角存在痛觉传入的＂闸门＂

E. 感觉传入通路中存在辐散式和聚合联系

66.关于丘脑第二类核群的叙述，错误的是

A. 总称为联络核

B. 参与许多感觉的联系功能

C. 与大脑皮层无特定的投射关系

D. 包括丘脑前核、丘脑外侧腹核等

E. 不直接接受感觉投射纤维

67.The optic chiasm is sectioned in a dog, and with the right eye covered, the animal is trained to bark when it sees a red square. The right eye is then uncovered and the left eye covered. The animal will now

A. Fail to respond to the red square because the square does not produce impulses that reach the right occipital cortex

B. Fail to respond to the red square because the animal has bitemporal hemianopia

C. Fail to respond to the red square if the posterior commissure is also sectioned

D. Respond to the red square only after retraining

E. Respond promptly to the red square in spite of the lack of input to the left occipital cortex

68.递质共存的正确叙述是

A. 一个核团的多个神经元内共存同一种递质

B. 一个神经元可存在两种或两种以上的递质

C. 两个神经元共存一种相同的递质

D. 两个神经元共存一种递质和一种调质

E. 两个中枢的神经元共存同存同一种递质

69.Withdrawal reflexes are not

A. Initiated by nociceptive stimuli

B. Prepotent

C. Prolonged if the stimulus is strong

D. Absent several months after transection of the spinal cord

E. Dependent on local sign for their exact pattern

70.Thirst is stimulated by

A. Increases in plasma osmolality and volume

B. An increase in plasma osmolality and a decrease in plasma volume

C. A decrease in plasma osmolality and an increase in plasma volume

D. Decreases in plasma osmolality and volume

E. Injection of vasopressin into the hypothalamus

71.When an individual is naked in a room in which the air temperature is 2l °C and the humidity 80%, the greatest amount of heat is lost from the body by

A. Elevated metabolism

B. Respiration

C. Urination

D. Vaporization of sweat

E. Radiation and conduction

72.反射时的长短主要取决于

A. 刺激的强弱

B. 感受器的敏感性

C. 传入与传出纤维的传导速度

D. 中枢突触的多少

E. 效应器的敏感性

73.High-frequency stimulation of which of the following does not produce the alerting response?

A. Sciatic nerve

B. Lateral spinothalamic tract

C. Midbrain reticular formation

D. Medial lemniscus above the midbrain

E. Intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus

74.临床上的“锥体束综合症”实际上是

A. 锥体系受损

B. 锥体外系受损

C. 锥体系和锥体外系合并受损

D. 延髓锥体受损

E. 脊髓运动神经元损伤

75.第一感觉区位于

A. 前回

B. 后回

C. 颞叶皮层

D. 前回与岛叶之间

E. 颞下回

76.脊髓闰绍细胞参与构成的抑制称为

A. 周围性抑制

B. 侧支性抑制

C. 去极化抑制

D. 交互性抑制

E. 回返式抑制

77.成人脑电图α波在

A. 安静闭目时出现阻断现象

B. 糖皮质激素血浓度高时频率减慢

C. 高血糖时频率减慢

D. 发热时频率减慢

E. 动脉血PO2高时频率减慢

78.副交感神经对代谢的影响是

A. 促进甲状旁腺素分泌

B. 促进胰高血糖素分泌

C. 促进糖原分解

D. 促进胰岛素分泌

E. 促进甲状腺激素的释放

79.Activation of which of the following decrease anxiety?

receptors would expected to be A. Nicotinic cholinergic receptors

B. Glutamate receptors

C. GABAA receptors

D. Glucocorticoid receptors

E. a1-Adrenergic receptors

80.舞蹈病主要是因为下列哪条通路受累引起的

A. 黑质-纹状体多巴胺能易化通路

B. 黑质-纹状体多巴胺能抑制通路

C. 黑质-纹状体胆碱能易化通路

D. 黑质-纹状体胆碱能抑制通路

E. 纹状体内胆碱能和γ-氨基丁酸能神经元病变

81.下列关于巴宾斯基征的描述，错误的是

A. 检查时以钝物划足跖外侧

B. 阳性体征为拇指背屈而其他四趾扇形散开

C. 婴儿正常时可出现阳性体征

D. 成人在麻醉或熟睡状态下多为阴性体征

E. 临床上用于检查皮层脊髓束功能是否正常

82.关于感觉皮层代表区的叙述，下列哪一项是错误的？

A. 本体感觉在前回

B. 内脏感觉的投射区在额叶

C. 体表感觉区在后回

D. 听觉代表区在颞叶

E. 视觉代表区在枕叶

83.以下属于胆碱能受体的是

A. M、N和α

B. M、N和β

C. M、N1和N2

D. M、α和β

E. M、β1和β2

84.下列哪项指标比较适用于检测睡眠的深度

A. 体温变化

B. 唤醒阈或脑电

C. 呼吸变化

D. 脉搏变化

E. 血压变化

85.

A. 促进生长和体力恢复

B. 促进细胞增殖和成熟

C. 促进记忆和幼儿神经系统成熟

D. 促进食欲和消化

E. 促进脑电图的同步化

86.Benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium) relieve anxiety because they

A. Inhibit dopamine binding in the brain stem

B. Inhibit glutamate binding in the limbic system

C. Facilitate norepinephrine release in the hypothalamus

D. Facilitate the effects of GABA throughout the nervous system

E. Block muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the limbic system

87.突触前抑制的特点是

A. 突触前膜超极化

B. 潜伏期长，持续时间长

C. 突触前轴突末梢释放抑制性递质

D. 突触后膜的兴奋性降低

E. 通过轴突—树突式突触的结构基础实现

88.下列对缝隙连接的描述中，哪一项是错误的?

A. 连接部位的膜阻抗较低

B. 属于电传递

C. 传递的速度快

D. 通常为单向传递

E. 只存在于神经系统中

.以下属于丘脑特异性投射系统的核团是

A. 联络核

B. 网状核

C. 感觉接替核

D. 髓板内核群

E. 感觉接替核和联络核

90.人类基底神经节调节功能障碍，主要表现形式不包括

A. 肌肉强直

B. 肌张力障碍

C. 随意运动完全丧失

D. 静止性震颤

E. 不自主的舞蹈样运动

91.脊髓的何种损伤可导致痛温觉与轻触觉障碍分离？

A. 完全横断

B. 脊髓空洞症

C. 脊髓离断

D. 后角受损

E. 前根病变

92.以下哪种感觉不经过特异投射系统传入？

A. 嗅觉

B. 听觉

C. 视觉

D. 味觉

E. 本体感觉

93.Which of the following is not synthesized in postganglionic sympathetic neurons?

A. L-Dopa

B. Dopamine

C. Norepinephrine

D. Histamine

E. Acetylcholine

94.The effects of bilateral loss of hippocampal function include

A. Disappearance of remote memories

B. Loss of working memory

C. Loss of the ability to encode events of the recent past in long-term memory

D. Loss of the ability to recall faces and forms but not the ability to recall printed or spoken words

E. Production of inappropriate emotional responses when recalling events of the recent past

95.神经纤维的传导速度

A. 与阈电位成正比

B. 与髓鞘化的程度成反比

C. 与纤维直径成正比

D. 与刺激强度成正比

E. 温度降低，传导速度加快

96.An anterolateral cordotomy is performed that produces relief of pain in the right leg. It is effective because it interrupts the

A. Left dorsal column

B. Left ventral spinothalamic tract

C. Right lateral spinothalamic tract

D. Left lateral spinothalamic tract

E. Right corticospinal tract

97.内脏痛的主要特点是

A. 刺痛

B. 慢痛

C. 定位不精确

D. 必有牵涉痛

E. 对牵拉不敏感

98.下列哪条通路不属于锥体外系

A. 网状脊髓束

B. 顶盖脊髓束

C. 红核脊髓束

D. 皮质脊髓束

E. 前庭脊髓束

99.脊髓丘脑侧束的主要功能是传导

A. 同侧的痛、温觉

B. 同侧的触觉

C. 对侧的痛、温觉

D. 对侧的触觉

E. 同侧的深压觉

100.Which of the following statements about nerve growth factor is not true?

A. It is made up of three polypeptide subunits

B. It is found in high concentration in the submandibular salivary glands of female mice

C. It is necessary for the growth and development of the sympathetic nervous

system

D. It is picked up by nerves from the organs they innervate

E. It is present in the brain

101.Secretion of which of the following hormones does not increase at night?

A. Growth hormone

B. ACTH

C. Melatonin

D. Insulin

E. Prolactin

102.脑内多巴胺递质主要在中枢哪一部位合成的？

A. 尾核

B. 苍白球

C. 壳核

D. 丘脑底核

E. 黑质

103.嗅觉皮层代表区位于

A. 额叶

B. 顶叶

C. 枕叶

D. 边缘叶的前底部

E. 颞叶的颞下回

104.Fast inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)

A. Are a consequence of presynaptic inhibition

B. Interact with other fast and slow potentials to move the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron toward or away from the firing level

C. Can be produced by an increase in Na+ conductance

D. Can be produced by an increase in Ca2+ conductance

E. Occur in skeletal muscle

105.维持躯体姿势的最基本的反射是

A. 屈肌反射

B. 肌紧张反射

C. 对侧伸肌反射

D. 翻正反射

E. 腱反射

106.Which of the following drugs is tranquilizer?

A. LSD

B. Atropine

C. Ecstasy (MDMA)

D. Lithium

E. Chlorpromazine

107.关于人类记忆过程的描述，正确的是

A. 分为第一、第二、第三级记忆三个阶段

B. 第一、第二级记忆均为短时程记忆

C. 第一级记忆的保留时间不超过1秒钟

D. 第二级记忆的形成与突触的可塑性有关

E. 第三级记忆的形成与建立新突触有关

108.NMDA受体激活时，允许通过突触后膜的离子是

A. Ｎa+、K+和Cl-，主要是Ｎa+和K+

B. K+、Cl-和Ｃa2+, 主要是K+和Cl-

C. Ｎa+、Cl-和Ｃa2+,主要是Ｃa2+和Cl-

D. Ｎa+、K+和Ｃa2,主要是Ｎa+和Ｃa2+

E. Cl-和Ｃa2+,主要是Cl-

109.The neuroglial cells with phygocytosis in nervous tissue are

A. astrocytes

B. oligodendrocytes

C. microglial cells

D. ependymal cells

E. Schwann cells

110.The cell bodies of the principal histaminergic neurons in the brain are located in the

A. Preoptic area of the hypothalamus

B. Central nucleus of the amygdala

C. Subfornical organ

D. Locus ceruleus

E. Mediobasal hypothalamus

111.突触后抑制时，下列哪种情况不会出现?

A. 兴奋性突触后电位突触前膜释放神经递质

B. 突触后膜的兴奋性降低

C. 突触后膜超极化

D. 突触后膜Cl-内流

E. 突触前膜释放神经递质

112.突触传递的下述特征中，哪一项是错误的？

A. 单向传递

B. 突触延搁

C. 总和

D. 兴奋节律不变

E. 易疲劳

113.牵涉痛是指

A. 内脏疾病引起相邻脏器的疼痛

B. 手术牵拉脏器引起的疼痛

C. 神经疼痛向体表投射

D. 按压体表引起部分内脏疼痛

E. 内脏疾病引起体表某一部位的疼痛或痛觉过敏

114.Which of the following is most likely not to be involved in production of LTP?

A. NO

B. Ca2+

C. NMDA receptors

D. Membrane hyperpolarization

E. Membrane depolarization

115.The representational hemisphere is better than the categorical hemisphere at

A. Language functions

B. Recognition of objects by their form

C. Understanding printed words

D. Understanding spoken words

E. Mathematical calculations

116.脑内具有生命中枢之称的部位是

A. 脊髓

B. 延髓

C. 中脑

D. 下丘脑

E. 大脑皮层

117.下列物质中，属于中枢抑制性递质的是

A. γ—氨基丁酸、甘氨酸

B. 谷氨酸、门冬氨酸

C. 肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素

D. 多巴胺、酪氨酸

E. 乙酰胆碱

118.Patients with transected spinal cords frequently have a negative nitrogen balance because

A. They develop hypercalcemia, and this causes dissolution of the protein in bone

B. They are paralyzed below the level of the transaction

C. They lack the afferent input that normally maintains growth hormone secretion

D. They have difficulty voiding, and this causes nitrogen to accumulate in the urine in the bladder

E. Their ACTH response to stress is reduced

119.GABAB受体激活后可

A. 直接增加突触后膜的Ｎa+电导

B. 直接增加突触后膜的K+电导

C. 通过Ｇ蛋白介导增加后膜的Ｎa+电导

D. 通过Ｇ蛋白介导增加后膜的K+电导

E. 通过Ｇ蛋白介导增加后膜的Cl-电导

120.中枢去甲肾上腺素神经元细胞体主要位于

A. 脊髓前角

B. 低位脑干

C. 黑质、脚间核

D. 中缝核

E. 纹状体

121.震颤麻痹的主要症状有

A. 感觉迟钝

B. 肌张力降低

C. 意向性震颤

D. 运动共济失调

E. 静止性震颤

122.有关脑干网状结构的下列叙述，哪一项是错误的

A. 脑干网状结构对肌紧张既有抑制作用也有加强作用

B. 网状结构的抑制作用有赖于高级中枢的存在

C. 网状结构对肌紧张的影响可通过改变γ运动神经元的活动来实现

D. 在中脑水平切断脑干后，网状结构易化系统占优势，可导致去大脑僵直

E. 切断去大脑动物脊髓背根，去大脑僵直现象仍存在

123.Which of the following synaptic transmitters is not a peptide, polypeptide, or protein? A. Substance P

B. Met-enkephalin

C. b-Endorphin

D. Serotonin

E. Dynorphin

124.关于神经纤维轴浆运输的描述，正确的是

A. 轴突内的轴浆并非经常在流动

B. 顺向和逆向轴浆运输的速度相等

C. 狂犬病毒可经顺向轴浆运输而扩散

D. 与神经的功能性和营养性有关

E. 与维持神经结构和功能的完整性有关

125.After falling down a flight of stairs, a young woman is found to have partial loss of voluntary movement on the right side of her body and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the left side below the midthoracic region. It is probable that she has a

A. Transecting the left half of the spinal cord in the lumbar region

B. Transecting the left half of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic region

C. Transecting sensory and motor pathways on the right side of the pons

D. Transecting the right half of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic region

E. Transecting the dorsal half of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic region

126.下列不属于交感神经兴奋作用的是

A. 心跳加快，瞳孔开大

B. 腹腔内脏血管收缩

C. 支气管平滑肌舒张

D. 胃肠平滑肌收缩

E. 肾上腺髓质分泌肾上腺素

127.Gap junctions

A. Are absent in cardiac muscle

B. Are present but of little functional importance in cardiac muscle

C. Are present and provide the pathway for rapid spread of excitation from one cardiac muscle fiber to another

D. Are absent in smooth muscle

E. Connect the sarcotubular system to individual skeletal muscle cells

128.新皮质处于紧张活动时脑电活动主要表现为

A. 棘波

B. k-复合波

C. β波

D. α波

E. θ波

129.传导慢痛的外周神经纤维主要是

A. Aa纤维

B. Aδ 纤维

C. B类纤维

D. C类纤维

E. Aγ 纤维

130.Regular rhythmic fluctuations in electrical activity are observed in the cerebral cortex and thalamus. In addition, they are seen in the

A. Mediobasal portion of the hypothalamus

B. Cerebellar cortex

C. Midbrain reticular formation

D. Amygdale

E. Pons

131.Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

A. Lesion of the parietal lobe of the representational hemisphere: unilateral inattention and neglect

B. Loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert and related areas of the forebrain: loss of recent memory

C. Lesions of mamillary bodies: loss of recent memory

D. Lesion of the angular gyrus in the categorical hemisphere: nonfluent aphasia

E. Lesion of Broca’s area in the categorical hemisphere: slow speech

132.Which of the following would be expected to reduce maternal behavior?

A. Lesions of the occipital cortex

B. Lesions of the mediobasal hypothalamus

C. Loss of expression of the fos-B gene

D. Ovariectomy

E. Hysterectomy:

133.腱反射具有下列哪项特点

A. 是多突触反射

B. 肌肉的收缩几乎是一次同步性的收缩

C. 感受器为腱器官

D. 可由重力作用引起

E. 主要表现在屈肌上

134.下列神经纤维中哪一类属于无髓纤维?

A. Aβ纤维

B. Aγ 纤维

C. Aδ 纤维

D. B类纤维

E. C类纤维

135.脑干网状结构上行激动系统

A. 通过特异投射系统改变大脑皮层的兴奋状态

B. 通过非特异投射系统改变大脑皮层的兴奋状态

C. 通过非特异投射系统激动大脑皮层产生特定感觉

D. 通过特异投射系统激动大脑皮层产生特定感觉

E. 是一个多突触接替的系统，不易受药物的影响

136.In which of the following is blood flow not increased in REM sleep?

A. Pons

B. Anterior cingulate cortex

C. Primary visual cortex

D. Visual association cortex

E. Amygdalas

137.下列关于长时程增强的描述，正确的是

A. 由神经元自发产生

B. 持续时间与强直后增强相同

C. 突触前末梢持续释放递质

D. 突触后神经元胞质内Ca2+增加

E. 仅见于脑内海马结构

138.脊髓灰质炎患者出现肢体肌肉萎缩的主要原因是

A. 失去了神经冲动的影响

B. 因肌肉瘫痪使供血减少所致

C. 肌肉受到病毒的侵害

D. 失去了运动神经的营养作用

E. 肌肉失去了运动功能所致

139.Which of the following drugs would not be expected to increase sympathetic discharge or mimic the effects of increased sympathetic discharge?

A. Prazosin

B. Neostigmine

C. Amphetamine

D. Isoproterenol

E. Methoxamine

140.Which of the following has the slowest conduction velocity?

A. Aa fibers

B. Ab fibers

C. Ag fibers

D. B fibers

E. C fibers

141.视觉皮层代表区位于

A. 颞叶的颞横回

B. 颞叶的颞上回

C. 后回

D. 扣带回

E. 枕叶距状裂

142.关于抑制性突触后电位的产生，是由于哪种离子在突触后膜的通透性增加

A. Na+、Cl-、K+,尤其是K+

B. Ca2+、K+、Cl-,尤其是Ca2+

C. Na+、K+,尤其是Na+

D. K+、Cl-,尤其是Cl-

E. K+、Ca2+、Na+，尤其是Ca2+

143.下列5—羟色胺受体亚型中，可为突触前受体的是

A. ５-HT1A

B. ５-HT2B

C. ５-HT3

D. ５-HT4

E. ５-HT5A

144.属于非化学性信息传递的方式是

A. 神经—肌肉接头

B. 激素对靶器官的作用

C. 经典突触

D. 缝隙连接

E. 曲张体

145.Which part of a neuron has the highest concentration of Na+ channels per square millimeter of cell membrane?

A. Dendrites

B. Cell body near dendrites

C. Initial segment

D. Axonal membrane under myelin

E. None of the above

146.神经营养因子进入神经末梢的方式是

A. 单纯扩散

B. 易化扩散

C. 原发性主动转运

D. 继发性主动转运

E. 受体介导性入胞

147.慢波睡眠有利于

A. 脑内蛋白质的合成

B. 建立新的突触联系

C. 促进精力的恢复

D. 促进生长和体力恢复

E. 幼儿神经系统成熟

148.下丘脑是皮层下

A. 重要的感觉中枢

B. 重要的运动中枢

C. 较高级的交感中枢

D. 较高级的副交感中枢

E. 较高级的内脏活动调节中枢

149.某老年患者，全身肌紧张增高、随意运动减少、动作缓慢、面部表情呆板。临床诊断为震颤麻痹。其病变主要位于

A. 黑质

B. 红核

C. 小脑

D. 纹状体

E. 苍白球

150.关于神经递质的叙述，下列哪一项是错误的？

A. 是参与突触传递的化学物质

B. 一般是在神经末梢突触小泡中合成

C. 曲张体是非突触传递释放递质的部位

D. 受体阻断剂可阻断递质的传递作用

E. 递质释放后很快被降解或回收而失去作用

151.Which of the following receptors is coupled to a heterotrimeric G protein?

A. Glycine receptor

B. GABAB receptor

C. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at myoneural junction

D. 5-HT3 receptor

E. ANP receptor

152.当某一伸肌被过度拉长时，张力便突然降低，其原因是

A. 伸肌肌梭过度兴奋

B. 屈肌肌梭过度兴奋

C. 屈肌肌梭完全失负荷

D. 伸肌的腱器官兴奋

E. 伸肌的腱器官完全失负荷

153.Which of the following is not characteristic of conditioned reflexes?

A. Failure to form conditioned reflexes when the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli are separated by more than 2 minutes

B. Disappearance of the conditioned reflex if it is not reinforced from time to time

C. Rapid formation of conditioned reflexes when the conditioned stimulus is pleasant for the animal

D. Failure to form conditioned reflexes when the conditioned stimulus is

unpleasant to the animal

E. Failure to form conditioned reflexes when, after the conditioned stimulus, there is a distracting stimulus before the unconditioned stimulus

154.在中脑上、下叠体之间切断脑干的动物，出现四肢伸直，坚硬如柱，头尾昂起，脊柱挺硬，称为去大脑僵直,其原因是脑干网状结构

A. 抑制区活动增强

B. 易化区活动增强

C. 组织受到破坏

D. 组织受到刺激

E. 出现抑制解除

155.下列关于牵张反射的叙述，哪项是错误的

A. 骨骼肌受到外力牵拉时能反射性地引起受牵拉的同一肌肉的收缩

B. 牵张反射在抗重力肌表现最为明显

C. 牵张反射是维持姿势的基本反射

D. 牵张反射的感受器是肌梭

E. 在脊髓与高位中枢离断后，牵张反射即永远消失

156.Stimulation of which of the following might be expected to produce itching?

A. Dorsal root C fibers

B. B fibers in peripheral nerves

C. Dorsal columns of the spinal cord

D. Touch receptors

E. Motor fibers in the ventral roots of the spinal nerves

157.交感神经系统不具有下列哪一特点

A. 节前纤维短，节后纤维长

B. 支配几乎所有脏器

C. 紧张性活动

D. 刺激节前纤维时反应比较局限

E. 在应急反应中活动明显加强

158.The effects of bilateral loss of hippocampal function include

A. Disappearance of remote memories

B. Loss of working memory

C. Loss of the ability to encode events of the recent past in long-term memory

D. Loss of the ability to recall faces and forms but not the ability to recall printed or spoken words

E. Production of inappropriate emotional responses when recalling events of the recent past

159.下列哪一部位或神经元受损可导致舞蹈病

A. 大脑皮层内胆碱内神经元

B. 大脑皮层-谷氨酸能投射神经元

C. 新纹状体内γ-氨基丁酸能中间神经元

D. 黑质-纹状体多巴胺能投射神经元

E. 弓状核-正中隆起γ-氨基丁酸能投射神经元

160.某人在意外事故中脊髓受到损伤，丧失横断面以下的一切躯体与内脏反射活动。但数周以后屈肌反射、腱反射等比较简单的反射开始逐渐恢复。这表明该患者在受伤当时出现了

A. 脑震荡

B. 脑水肿

C. 脊休克

D. 脊髓水肿

E. 疼痛性休克