阅读教程3Unit4TheNatureofScientificReasoning练习答案

Unit 4 The Nature of Scientific Reasoning1．Evidence for Arguments

Read the following evidence and write down the arguments they are supporting: Argument: ________________________1)It is absolutely impossible for Copernicus to go out and record the fact that theearth moves around the sun.

2)It is impossible for Kepler to work out his laws by taking enough readings andthen squaring and cubing everything in sight.

3)The Royal Society will not take the notebooks with recordings of one’s lifelongobservation.

Answer: Science is not a large collection of facts.2．Context and Other Clues

1)Meaning: clear or deep perception of a situation

Context and clue: To be able to see things clearly requires a power of mind, suchas imagination or creation.Word: insight

2)Meaning: record by writing

Context and clue: Like those writers, scientists do not just record what they see.Word: fix

3)Meaning: the earlier stage of

Context and clue: A historian does not know how a scientist starts his discovery.In this sense, the word is usually used in its plural form.Word: beginnings

4)Meaning: the outside qualities

Context and clue: Things appear differently. Only by thinking hard, using metaphors or analogies, can a scientist find thelikeness. Appearance refers to natural phenomenon.Word: appearance

5)Meaning: rise as if with a jump

Context and clue: He suddenly had a wild imagination.Word: leap

6)Meaning: search for

Context and clue: Kepler tried to work out his laws by using metaphors.Word: feel for

7)Meaning: powerfully, with strong persuasiveness

Context and clue: This point has been explained clearly in a fable by Karl Popper.Word: forcefully8)Meaning: narrating

Context and clue: The schoolbooks do not tell the whole story.Word: account

9)Meaning: occur to one’s mind

Context and clue: At the sight of the fall of an apple, Newton realized that the same force of gravity might go on reaching outbeyond the earth.Word: strike10)Meaning: match

Context and clue: Newton had already found the likeness, for the two things went together.Word: agree3. Vocabulary study

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

1) A better understanding of these phenomena may completely alter our ________of the nature of the universe.

2)However, even solid foods will pass down the tube with the aid of _______.3)To understand galaxy formation we would like to think of ______.

4)The _______ of free immigration was magnificent, the reality inevitably less so.Answer: conception, gravity, gravitation, concept4. True or False

Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false. Write down T for True and F for False.1)The readers of Balzac and Zola think that the two writers are more honest thanother writers. _____

2)Science should be based on experiments, so it is not imaginative. ____3)The purpose of this passage is to reveal to the readers the essentialcharacteristics of scientific thinking. _____

4)The English bishops would not like to open Joanna Southcott’s box. ____5)It can be inferred from the passage that a scientist is more imaginative thanpeople of other professions.Answer: FFTTF