英语高考模拟卷-上海市育培高中2016届自招高考模拟卷英语试题及答案

上海市育培高中2016届自招高考模拟

英语试题

考生注意：

1. 考试时间100分钟, 试卷满分120分。

2. 本试卷设试卷和答题卷两部分。试卷分为第I卷和第II卷。所有答案必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题卷上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题卷纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 Grammar and Vocabulary Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV___(25)____ problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.

One

traditional

belief

about

television

is

that

it

reduces

a

child’s

ability___(26)____(understand) the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像).___(27)______, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.

__(28)___ argument against television is that it replaces reading as__29_____ form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading. “A child’s reading ability is

best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.

Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching___30___(lower) IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes ___31_____ no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it’s the other way around. “If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.

(B)

While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons __32__ explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome”(空巢综合症).

In order to seek __33__(good) chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, __34__(leave) their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact __35__ most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty __36__ they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match __37__ they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing timely response __38__ the needs of their aged parents.

The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents __39__ (describe) as “distant parent phenomenon”, __40__ is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”.

The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do. Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. particular B. decline C.placing D. viewed E. unique F. obvious G. indication H. prejudice I.implication J.appreciate K.pronouncing

It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had ___41____ characteristics.

In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the '__42___ of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.

But _43___ the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still ___44____ themselves in __45_____ class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically ___46____, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification. One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was __47_____ as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded 'educated' and 'soft'. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional city accents. These accents were seen as 'common' and 'ugly'. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class___48____

In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an __49_____of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song 'Common People' puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may 'want to live like common people' they can never__50_____ the reality of a working-class life.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Archaeologists are scientists who search for clues that help form a clearer picture of the lives people led in the past. Archaeology is a modern science, but it has been ___51___ for centuries. More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and ___52___ could provide information for ___53___ generations. For more than a thousand years, however, such ___54___ were observers rather than researchers.

In the 1700s, scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled ___55___ to explore ancient sites. Digs that are still ___56___ began in 1709 at Herculaneum, an Italian city buried in ash during the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in A. D. 79. The Danish scholar Carsten Niebuhr visited the ruins of Persepolis in the Middle East in 1765 to study cuneiform writing (楔形文字). ___57___, archaeology didn’t become a widely recognized science and schools didn’t recognize the subject as a scholarly pursuit until the 19th century. The term itself was ___58___ in 1837. It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiquities (古物).” One of the first archaeologists to use a scientific approach to the discipline was Heinrich Schliemann of Germany, who in the late 1800s ___59___ the ancient civilization of the city of Troy.

Today, archaeologists uncover the past in many different ___60___, including deserts and jungles, at sites called digs. Ancient sources, folk tales, and landscape features can suggest where archaeologists should look. Surveys of the land help them choose sites ___61___ to provide artifacts, the objects that will unlock the story of a particular people — their daily lives, their beliefs, and their ties to other cultures. A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist. Some prefer to study more ___62___ settlements. One scientist, for instance, studies coal mining camps in California by examining the garbage that miners ___63___. Archaeologists may work for universities, museums or governments, and some of them are involved in educating the public about ___64___ ancient sites. Artifact hunters who are ___65___ history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities. 51. A. adventuring

B. changing

C. digging

D. evolving

52. A. books 53. A. lost 54. A. inventors 55. A. extensively 56. A. in progress 57. A. Besides 58. A. coined 59. A. created 60. A. countries 61. A. certain 62. A. honorable 63. A. gave away 64. A. choosing 65. A. aware of Section B

B. history B. later B. scholars B. nationwide

C. ruins C. older C. visitors C. regularly

D. science D. several D. writers D. together D. out of control D. Meanwhile D. used D. investigated D. ways D. necessary D. recent D. left out D. protecting D. familiar with

B. in good condition C. on display B. However B. considered B. developed B. fields B. likely B. peaceful B. gave off B. examining B. fed up with

C. Instead C. recognized C. established C. locations C. ready C. rural C. left behind C. studying C. ignorant of

Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claims, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assuming he or she has a just claim. Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the

consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”. The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer's rights.

66. When a consumer finds that his or her in it, the first thing he or she should do is to ____. A) complain personally to the manager B) threaten to take the matter to court

C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store

67. How can a consumer make his or her complaint more effective, according to the passage? A) Explain exactly what is wrong with the item. B) Threaten to take the seller to court.

C) Make polite and general statements about the problem. D) Avoid having direct contact with the store manager.

68. According to the passage, which of the following is suggested as the last alternative that consumers may turn to?

A) Complain to the store manager in person. B) Complain to the manufacturer. C) Write a complaint letter to the manager. 69.The passage tells us ____.

A) how to settle a consumer’s complaint about a faulty item B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item C) how to avoid buying a faulty item

D) how to deal with complaints from customers

(B)

About PISA The

Program

for

International

What makes PISA different Student PISA is unique because it develops tests which

Assessment(PISA) is a triennial international survey are not directly linked to the school curriculum. which aims to evaluate education systems The tests are designed to assess to what extent worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of students at the end of compulsory education, 15-year-old students. To date, students representing can apply their knowledge to real-life situations more than 70 economies have participated in the and be equipped for full participation in society. assessment.

The

information

collected

through

background questionnaires also provides context which can help analysts interpret the results.

What the assessment involves Additional PISA initiatives Since the year 2000, every three years, PISA-based Test for Schools(PTS)

fifteen-year-old students from randomly selected As interest in PISA has grown, school and local schools worldwide take tests in the key subjects: educators have been wanting to know how their reading, mathematics and science, with a focus on individual schools compare with students and one subject in each year of assessment. The students schools in education systems worldwide. To take a test that lasts 2 hours. The tests are a mixture address this need, the OECD(The Organization of open-ended and multiple-choice questions that are for Economic Co-operation and Development) organized in groups based on a passage setting out a has developed the PISA-based test for schools. real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of It is currently available in the United States and test items are covered. Students take different the OECD is in discussions with governments combinations of different tests.

to make the test available in other countries

such as England and Spain.

70. PISA is different from other programmes because __________.

A. its test is closely related to the school curriculum.

B. its test aims to assess whether students can solve real-life problems. C. its test can equip students for full participation in school. D. test scores directly determine the analysis of the test. 71. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. Test-takers are carefully selected. B. Test-takers answer the same questions. C. Test-takers are tested on three key subjects. D. Test-takers spend about 390 minutes on the test. 72. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Students of all ages will be able to take PTS in the future. B. More countries are likely to have PTS in the future.

C. School and local educators show little interest in PISA at present. D. PISA provides evaluation of education system within a certain country. 73. Where can we most probably find the passage?

A. On the Internet C. In a magazine

(C)

According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188, 000 students,

today's traditional-age college freshmen are \"more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的) \" than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.

Not surprising in these hard times, the student's major objective is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life. It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.

Interest in teaching, social service and the \"altruistic\" fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.

B. In a newspaper D. In an advertisement

While it's true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.

The most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机) : \"Miss Baxter, \" he says, \"could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?\"

From the long-term point of view, that's what education really ought to be about. 74. According to the author’s observation, college students ________. A) have never been so materialistic as today B) have never been so interested in the arts C) have never been so financially well off as today D) have never attached so much importance to moral sense

75. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with ________. A) the influences of their instructors B) the financial goals they seek in life C) their own interpretations of the courses

D) their understanding of the contributions of others

76. By saying “While it’s true that... be they scientific or artistic”, the author means that ________.

A) business management should be included in educational programs B) human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed C) human intellectual development has reached new heights D) the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked 77.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.

B) Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong. C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life. D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only. Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

All of us exist in ‘bodies’ of different shapes, heights, colors and physical abilities. The main reasons for the differences are genetic, and the fact that people’s bodies change as they age. However, a huge range of research indicates that there are social factors too.

Poorer people are more likely to eat ‘unhealthy’ foods, to smoke cigarettes and to be employed in physically difficult work or the opposite: boring, inactive employment. Moreover, their housing conditions and neighbourhoods tend to be worse. All of these factors impact upon the condition of a person’s health: the physical shapes of bodies are strongly influenced by social factors.

These social factors are also closely linked to emotional wellbeing. People with low or no incomes are more likely to have mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether poverty causes mental illness, or whether it is the other way around. For example, certain people with mental health issues may be at risk of becoming homeless, just as a person who is homeless may have an increased risk of illnesses such as depression.

There are other types of social factors too. Bodies are young or old, short or tall, big or small, weak or strong. Whether these judgments matter and whether they are positive or negative depends on the cultural and historical context. In fact, the culture of different societies promote very different valuations of body shapes. What is considered as attractive or ugly, normal or abnormal varies enormously. Currently, for example, in rich societies the idea of slimness is highly valued, but historically this was different. In most societies the ideal body shape for a woman was a ‘full figure’, while in middle-aged man, a large stomach indicated that they were financially successful in life.

Sociologists are suggesting that we should not just view bodies and minds in biological terms,

but also in social terms. The physical body and what we seek to do with it change over time and society. This has important implications for medicine and ideas of health. Thus, the idea of people being ‘overweight’ is physically related to large amounts of processed food, together with lack of exercise, and is therefore a medical issue. However, it has also become a mental health issue and social problem as a result of people coming to define this particular body shape as ‘wrong’ and unhealthy.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 78. Besides social factors, what are the other two reasons for differences in bodies? 79. The social factors are likely to have a great effect on people’s ______ and ______. 80. Valuations of body shapes change with ______. 81. The “This” in the last paragraph refers to ______.

第 II 卷 （共 47 分）

I. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 他们的建议听起来和我们的同样可行。(as…as)

2. 外出旅游时，务必保护环境，凡事为他人着想。（sure）

3. 在有些情况下，重要的不是结果，而是你是否享受了过程。(matter)

4. 这项计划初衷是募资帮助那些上不起学的穷孩子，但由于种种原因搁浅了。（mean）

5. 要从根本上解决老龄化的问题最有效方法不是依靠出生率的上升，而是依靠建立有效的社会保障制度。

II. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

网络舆论有时反映当时代的社会氛围与环境，正确对待网络平台的舆论信息事关每个人。请简要谈谈作为中学生的我们该如何正确对待网络舆论。

上海市育培高中2016届自招高考模拟

英语试题参考答案

（A）

25for 26 to understand 27 Instead/However 28Another 28 a 29lowers 30that

(B)

32. that 33. better 34. leaving 35. that 36. as 37. what 38. for 39. has been described 40. which 41------50 EBKCAFDHGJ

51-55 DCBBA A. DADB B. BCBA C. ABDD 78. Genes and aging.

56-60 ABADC 61-65 BDCDC

79. physical health; mental health 80. culture and history/ time and society 81. viewing bodies and minds in social terms 第二卷

翻译、共5小题，1-3小题，每题4分；4-5小题，每题5分。共计22分。 1. Their suggestion sounds as feasible as ours.

2. Be sure to protect the environment and think of others when traveling/when you are travelling. 3.In some cases, what matters is not the result but whether you have enjoyed the process. 4. The project had been meant to raise money to help those poor children who could not afford to go to school, but for various reasons, it was given up.

5 In order to solve the aging problem ，the best solution is to establish an effective social security system instead of relying on the increase of birth rate. 写作(略)