高考英语语法专题复习--冠词

高考英语语法专题复习 二、冠词The Article 知识要点：

冠词是一种虚词，放在名词前，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前; an用在元音之前。the是定冠词。

一、不定冠词

1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：

She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 3、用在抽象名词前，起具体化的作用。如：

This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。

It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honor to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。

4、用于某些固定词组中。如：

a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of,

have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 二、定冠词

1、表示特指的人或物的名词前。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如：The pen on the desk is mine.

2、指谈话双方所默认的人或事物。 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。

4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如： the earth, the moon, the sun.

5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：

He is always the first to come to school. Bob is the tallest in his class.

6、表示某一家人和用在形容词或分词前，表某一类人。如： The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。

the poor, the old, the wounded, the living, the dying, the dead, the rich, the sick等。

7、用在某些专有名词（由普通名词构成的专有名词）以及江河湖海、山脉、报刊、杂志、乐器前。如：

the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the C hildren’s Palace, the Party等。

the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。 8、用于表示具体计量的结构中，译成“按/以...计算”，但size,weight, time这类词跟by连用时不加。如：

by

We got paid by the month. 我们按月计酬。 Meat is sold by weight. 肉按重量出售。

9、“动词+sb.+介词+the +身体某一部位”结构中的the不可用物主代词代替。如：

take sb. By the arm 抓住某人的胳膊

An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.

10、用在一些习惯用语中。如： on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening),

the day after tomorrow, the next year, the day before

the

hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo/thousand；

yesterday,by the way等。

三、零冠词

1、专有名词和不可数名词前或复数名词泛指一类人或事物时。如： China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。

We are students. I like reading stories.

2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如： Go down this street.

3、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：

Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。

Today is New Year’s Day. It is Sunday. March 8 is Women’s Day.

4、在称呼语或表示头衔职务的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如： What’s the matter, Granny? Mr. Li is chairman of the meeting.

6、在三餐和球类、学科、棋类运动前。如：

She goes to school after breakfast every morning.

We are going to play football. We usually have lunch at school.

We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. 7、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：

at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in front of, in time,go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。

【专项训练】：

1、 We can’t live without air. A．an B．×C．the D．some

2、——Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning. ——Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

A．a; the B．the; the C．the; a D．a; a

3、I’ve been waiting for him for hour and half. A．×; ×B．the; a C．a; the D．an; a 4、What fine weather we have today! A．a B．×C．some D．an

5、Have you ever seen as tall as this one? A．a tree B．such tree C．an tree D．tree 6、Children usually go to school at age of six. A．×; the B．a; an C．the; × D．the; the 7、Himalayas is highest mountain in world. A．×; the;×B．The; the; the C．A; a; a D．×;×;×

8、They each have book. Li Hua’s is about writer. Wang Lin’s is on science. A．a; a; ×B．the; ×; the C．×; the; ×D．a; the; a

9、Physics is science of matter and energy. A．The; ×B．×; ×C．×; the D．A; a 10、 sun rises in east and sets in west.

A; an; a B．The;×;×C．The; the; the D．A; the; a

11、Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. A．a;×B．the; an C．the; the D．×; the

12、Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in Bad temper.

A．×;a B．A;×C．The; the D．A; a

13、They were at dinner then. It was delicious one. A．a; the B．×;×C．×;a D．a; a

14、what kind of car do you want to buy? A．× B．the C．a D．an

15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music. A．×; the B．×;× C．the; ×D．the; the

16、Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space. A．the; ×B．×; the C．×;×D．the; the

17、Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876. A．×B．a C．the D．one

18、——Where’s Jack? ——I think he’s still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom. A．×;× B．the; the C．the; × D．×; the

19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.

A．the; the B．×;×C．the; ×D．×; the

20、——I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please.

——Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.

A．some; a B．an; some C．some; some D．an; a 【答案】：

1、B air是不可数名词。

2、D 此题为97年高考题。根据句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出现；第二空仍是泛指，且表数量“－”。

3、D 元音前用an。 one and half a hour one and a half hours one hour and a half.

4、B weather是不可数名词。 5、A 此题为85年高考题。泛指。 6、A go to school是固定短语。

7、B 山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。 8、A 第一、二空泛指，第三空，science是不可数名词。 9、C 第一空，科目前不加冠词；第二空特指，有定语。 10、C

11、A 第一空，a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍；第二空，trade不可数。a knowledge of 指的是比较广泛的某门学科的综合知识.而the

knowledge of指的是比较具体的某种办法的知识,比如The Knowledge of Life（生活小常识）,The Knowledge of Healing（疗愈的知识）. 12、D 第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。（括号里说明，我们俩都不认识这个人，因此不是特指。）第二空是固定短语，情绪不好。

13、C 第一空at dinner正在吃饭，固定短语。 14、A 泛指

15、C 此题是年高考题：乐器前加定冠词；music是不可数名词。

16、A 此题是90年高考题：stars前应加定冠词；space不可数。 17、C 此题是91年高考题：发明应是特指。

18、D 此题是92年高考题。in bed是固定短语，不加冠词。 19、C 此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语，固是特指。第二空， public places,公共场所，泛指。

20、A 此题是95年高考题。information是不可数名词；have a word with sb.是固定短语。