柯南·道尔简介（英文版）

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For the professional athlete, see Conan Doyle (rugby player). Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Born Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle 22 May 1859 Edinburgh, Scotland Died 7 July 1930 (aged 71) Crowborough, East Sussex, England Occupation Nationality Citizenship Genres Novelist, short story writer, poet, physician Scottish, Irish British Detective fiction, science fiction, historical novels, non-fiction Notable work(s) Stories of Sherlock Holmes The Lost World Signature Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930[1]) was a Scottish[2] physician and writer, most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, generally considered a milestone in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger. He was a prolific writer whose other works include science fiction stories, plays, romances, poetry, non-fiction, historical novels and humours ('Exploits of Brigadier E.Gerard').

Life

Early life

Arthur Conan Doyle was born the third of ten siblings on 22 May 1859 in Edinburgh, Scotland.[3] His father, Charles Altamont Doyle, who was born in England of Irish descent, and his mother, born Mary Foley, who was Irish, had married in 1855. Doyle's father died in 13, in the Crichton Royal, Dumfries, after many years of psychiatric illness.[4] Although he is now referred to as \"Conan Doyle\s how he meant it to be understood) is uncertain. The entry in which his baptism is recorded in the register of St Mary's Cathedral in Edinburgh gives \"Arthur Ignatius Conan\" as his Christian name, and simply \"Doyle\" as his surname. It also names Michael Conan as his godfather.[5]

Conan Doyle was sent to the Roman Catholic Jesuit preparatory school Hodder Place, Stonyhurst, at the age of nine. He then went on to Stonyhurst College until 1875. From 1875 to 1876 he was educated at the Jesuit school Stella Matutina in Feldkirch, Austria.

From 1876 to 1881 he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, including a period working in the town of Aston (now a district of Birmingham) and in Sheffield.[6] While studying, Conan Doyle also began writing short stories; his first published story appeared in Chambers's Edinburgh Journal before he was 20.[7] Following his term at university, he was employed as a ship's surgeon on the SS Mayumba during a voyage to the West African coast. He completed his doctorate on the subject of tabes dorsalis in 1885.[8]

While living in Southsea, he played football as a goalkeeper for an amateur side, Portsmouth Association Football Club, under the pseudonym A. C. Smith.[9] (This club, disbanded in 16, had no connection with the present-day Portsmouth F.C., which was founded in 18.) Conan Doyle was also a keen cricketer, and between 19 and 1907 he played 10 first-class matches for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). His highest score, in 1902 against London County, was 43. He was an occasional bowler who took just one first-class wicket (although one of high pedigree—it

was W. G. Grace).[10] Also a keen golfer, Conan Doyle was elected captain of the Crowborough Beacon Golf Club, East Sussex for 1910. He moved to Little Windlesham house in Crowborough with his second wife Jean Leckie and their family from 1907 until his death in July 1930.

Origins of Sherlock Holmes

Portrait of Sherlock Holmes by Sidney Paget, 1904

In 1882 he joined former classmate George Budd as his partner at a medical practice in Plymouth,[11] but their relationship proved difficult, and Conan Doyle soon left to set up an independent practice.[12] Arriving in Portsmouth in June of that year with less than £10 (£700 today[13]) to his name, he set up a medical practice at 1 Bush Villas in Elm Grove, Southsea.[14] The practice was initially not very successful; while waiting for patients, Conan Doyle again began writing stories and composed his first novel—The Narrative of John Smith—which would go unpublished until 2011.[15] His first significant work, A Study in Scarlet, appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual for 1887. It featured the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes, who was partially modelled after his former university teacher Joseph Bell. Conan Doyle wrote to him, \"It is most certainly to you that I owe Sherlock Holmes. ... [R]ound the centre of deduction and inference and observation which I have heard you inculcate I have tried to build up a man.\"[16] Future short stories featuring Sherlock Holmes were published in the English Strand Magazine. Robert Louis Stevenson was able, even in faraway Samoa, to recognise the strong similarity between Joseph Bell and Sherlock Holmes: \"[M]y compliments on your very ingenious and very interesting adventures of Sherlock Holmes. ... [C]an this be my old friend Joe Bell?\"[17] Other authors sometimes suggest additional influences—for instance, the famous Edgar Allan Poe character C. Auguste Dupin.[18]

Portrait of Doyle by Herbert Rose Barraud, 13

edit Marriages and family

Conan Doyle's family in New York 1922

In 1885 Conan Doyle married Louisa (or Louise) Hawkins, known as \"Touie\". She suffered from tuberculosis and died on 4 July 1906.[19] The next year he married Jean Elizabeth Leckie, whom he had first met and fallen in love with in 17. He had maintained a platonic relationship with Jean while his Louisa was still alive, out of loyalty to her. Jean died in London on 27 June 1940.

Conan Doyle fathered five children. He had two with his first wife: Mary Louise (28 January 18 – 12 June 1976), Arthur Alleyne Kingsley, known as Kingsley (15 November 12 – 28 October 1918). He also had three with his second wife: Denis Percy Stewart (17 March 1909 – 9 March 1955) second husband of Georgian Princess Nina Mdivani, Adrian Malcolm (19 November 1910 – 3 June 1970) and Jean Lena Annette (21 December 1912 – 18 November 1997).

edit \"Death\" of Sherlock Holmes

Holmes and Moriarty fighting over the Reichenbach Falls. Art by Sidney Paget.

In 10 Conan Doyle studied ophthalmology in Vienna, and moved to London in 11 to set up a practice as an ophthalmologist. He wrote in his autobiography that not a single patient crossed his door. This gave him more time for writing, and in November 11 he wrote to his mother: \"I think of slaying Holmes ... and winding him up for good and all. He takes my mind from better things.\" His mother responded, \"You won't! You can't! You mustn't!\"[20]

In December 13, in order to dedicate more of his time to more \"important\" works—his historical novels—Conan Doyle had Holmes and Professor Moriarty apparently plunge to their deaths together down the Reichenbach Falls in the story \"The Final Problem\". Public outcry, however, led him to bring the character back in 1901, in The Hound of the Baskervilles, though this was set at a time before the Reichenbach incident. In 1903, Conan Doyle published his first

Holmes short story in ten years, \"The Adventure of the Empty House\ch it was explained that only Moriarty had fallen; but since Holmes had other dangerous enemies—especially Colonel Sebastian Moran—he had arranged to also be perceived as dead. Holmes ultimately was featured in a total of 56 short stories and four Conan Doyle novels, and has since appeared in many novels and stories by other authors.

Jane Stanford identifies some of Moriarty's characteristics in the Fenian John O'Connor Power. 'The Final Problem' was published the year the Second Home Rule Bill passed through the House of Commons. 'The Valley of Fear' was serialised in 1914, the year, Home Rule, The Government of Ireland Act (Sept.18) was placed on the Statute Book.[21]

edit Political campaigning

Following the Boer War in South Africa at the turn of the 20th century and the condemnation from around the world over the United Kingdom's conduct, Conan Doyle wrote a short pamphlet titled The War in South Africa: Its Cause and Conduct, which justified the UK's role in the Boer War and was widely translated. Doyle had served as a volunteer

doctor in the Langman Field Hospital at Bloemfontein between March and June 1900.[22]

Arthur Conan Doyle's house in South Norwood, London

Conan Doyle believed it was this pamphlet that resulted in his being knighted in 1902 and appointed Deputy-Lieutenant of Surrey. Also in 1900 he wrote the longer book, The Great Boer War. During the early years of the 20th century, Sir Arthur twice ran for Parliament as a Liberal Unionist—once in Edinburgh and once in the Hawick Burghs—but although he received a respectable vote, he was not elected.

Conan Doyle was involved in the campaign for the reform of the Congo Free State, led by journalist E. D. Morel and diplomat Roger Casement. During 1909 he wrote The Crime of the Congo, a long pamphlet in which he denounced the horrors in that country. He became acquainted with Morel and Casement, and it is possible that, together with Bertram Fletcher Robinson,[23] they inspired several characters in the 1912 novel The Lost World.

He broke with both when Morel became one of the leaders of the pacifist movement during the First World War, and when Casement was convicted of treason against the UK during the Easter Rising. Conan Doyle tried unsuccessfully to save Casement from the death penalty, arguing that he had been driven mad and was not responsible for his actions.

edit Correcting injustice

Arthur Conan Doyle statue in Crowborough

Conan Doyle was also a fervent advocate of justice and personally investigated two closed cases, which led to two men being exonerated of the crimes of which they were accused. The first case, in 1906, involved a shy half-British, half-Indian lawyer named George Edalji who had allegedly penned threatening letters and mutilated animals. Police were set on Edalji's conviction, even though the mutilations continued after their suspect was jailed.

It was partially as a result of this case that the Court of Criminal Appeal was established in 1907, so not only did Conan Doyle help George Edalji, his work helped establish a way to correct other miscarriages of justice. The story of Conan Doyle and Edalji was fictionalised in Julian Barnes's 2005 novel Arthur & George. In Nicholas Meyer's pastiche The West End Horror (1976), Holmes manages to help clear the name of a shy Parsee Indian character wronged by the

English justice system. Edalji himself was a Parsee.

The second case, that of Oscar Slater, a German Jew and gambling-den operator convicted of bludgeoning an 82-year-old woman in Glasgow in 1908, excited Conan Doyle's curiosity because of inconsistencies in the prosecution case and a general sense that Slater was not guilty. He ended up paying most of the costs for Slater's successful appeal in 1928.[24]

edit Death

Grave of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle at Minstead, England

Conan Doyle was found clutching his chest in the hall of Windlesham, his house in Crowborough, East Sussex, on 7 July 1930. He died of a heart attack at the age of 71. His last words were directed toward his wife: \"You are wonderful.\"[28] At the time of his death, there was some controversy concerning his burial place, as he was avowedly not a Christian, considering himself a Spiritualist. He was buried anonymously in a grave just outside the churchyard fence, in unconsecrated ground at Minstead in the New Forest, Hampshire. Until the late twentieth century, the cross-topped gravestone bore no inscription. The graveyard has since been extended and Conan Doyle's remains lie among other newer graves. Carved wooden tablets to his memory and to the memory of his wife are held privately and are inaccessible to the public. That inscription reads, \"Blade straight / Steel true / Arthur Conan Doyle / Born May 22nd 1859 / Passed On 7th July 1930.\" The epitaph on his gravestone in the churchyard reads (in part):

STEEL TRUE

BLADE STRAIGHT ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE

KNIGHT

PATRIOT, PHYSICIAN & MAN OF LETTERS

Undershaw, the home near Hindhead, south of London that Arthur Conan Doyle had built and lived in for at least a decade, was a hotel and restaurant from 1924 until 2004. It was then bought by a developer, and has since been empty while conservationists and Conan Doyle fans fight to preserve it.[19]

A statue honours Conan Doyle at Crowborough Cross in Crowborough, where he lived for 23 years. There is also a statue of Sherlock Holmes in Picardy Place, Edinburgh, close to the house where Conan Doyle was born.

阿瑟·伊格内修斯，柯南道尔DL（5月22日1859年 - 1930年7月[1]）是苏格兰[2]医生和作家，他的侦探福尔摩斯的故事，普遍认为在犯罪小说领域的一个里程碑，指出最教授的―挑战者‖的冒险。他是一位多产的作家的其他作品包括科幻小说，戏剧，爱情小说，诗歌，非小说，历史小说和体液（―旅长E.Gerard的侵入‖）。

生活

早期的生活

柯南道尔出生在苏格兰的爱丁堡，于1859年5月22日第三十兄弟姐妹。[3]他的父亲，查尔斯·多伊尔阿尔塔蒙特，谁是出生在英国的爱尔兰后裔，他的母亲，出生玛丽·弗利，谁是爱尔兰，曾在1855年结婚。 Doyle的父亲死于13年，克莱顿皇家，邓弗里斯，经过多年的精神病。[4]

虽然他现在被称为―柯南道尔‖，这个复姓的由来（如果这是他的意思可以理解）是不确定的。在他的洗礼记录在册圣玛丽大教堂在爱丁堡的项目给他的姓作为他的教名―阿瑟·伊格内修斯柯南‖，只是―多伊尔‖。它还名称，他的教父迈克尔·科南。[5]

柯南道尔被送往罗马天主教耶稣预备学校霍德广场，Stonyhurst，在九岁。他接着Stonyhurst学院，直到1875年。从1875年到1876年，他曾就读于费尔德基希，奥地利耶稣会学校斯特拉Matutina。

从1876年到1881年，他就读于英国爱丁堡大学的药物，包括期间阿斯顿镇（现为伯明翰区）和在谢菲尔德工作[6]在研究，柯南道尔也开始写短篇小说。他首次出版故事在钱伯斯的爱丁堡杂志出现之前，他是20。[7]他在大学期间，他被聘为外科医生在对西非海岸航行船舶上的SS Mayumba。他在1885年完成他的博士学位脊髓痨的主题。[8]

虽然住在南海，他作为一个业余球队，朴茨茅斯足球俱乐部的守门员足球，下的化名交流史密斯。[9]（这个俱乐部，在16年解散，没有连接，与现今的朴茨茅斯成立于18年）。柯南道尔也热衷板球，19年和1907年之间，他演奏的马里波恩板球俱乐部（MCC）10个一流的比赛。他的得分最高，在1902年，对

伦敦县，为43个。他是一个偶然的投球了一个一流的检票（虽然高谱系，它是工作组格雷斯）[10]还热衷于打高尔夫球，柯南道尔Crowborough灯塔，东萨塞克斯郡高尔夫俱乐长1910年被选为。从1907年直到他在1930年7月去世，他与他的第二任妻子让莱基和他们的家人搬到小Windlesham房子在Crowborough。 福尔摩斯的起源

福尔摩斯的肖像，1904年由西德尼·佩吉特

在1882年，他作为他的伙伴加入前的同学乔治·巴德在普利茅斯的医疗实践中，[11]，但他们之间的关系证明困难，柯南道尔很快就离开了成立一个的做法。[12] 6月抵达当年在朴茨茅斯不到10英镑（700今日英镑[13]）以他的名字，他成立了医疗的做法，布什在榆树格罗夫，南海1别墅[14]这种做法最初是不是很成功;而病人轮候，柯南多伊尔又开始写故事组成了他的第一小说叙事约翰史密斯会去未发表的，直到2011年。[15]在他的第一个重要的工作，在猩红色的研究，比顿圣诞年刊出现了1887年。它特色的福尔摩斯，部分人仿照他的前大学老师约瑟夫·贝尔后的首次亮相。柯南道尔写信给他，―这肯定是我欠你的福尔摩斯... [右] ound我听说你灌输我曾试图建立一个男子演绎和推理和观察中心。‖ [16]未来特色福尔摩斯的短篇故事出版了中英文专科杂志。斯蒂文森能，即使在遥远的萨摩亚，认识到约瑟夫·贝尔和福尔摩斯之间的很强的相似性：―[J] Y上非常巧妙，非常有趣的福尔摩斯冒险致意...... [J]这是有时我的老朋友乔·贝尔吗？―[17]其他作者的影响实例另外，著名的埃德加·爱伦·坡的字符C。奥古斯特·杜平。[18]

由赫伯特·多伊尔的肖像，13年的玫瑰Barraud

[编辑]婚姻和家庭

柯南道尔的家庭1922年在纽约 在1885柯南道尔已婚路易莎（路易斯）霍金斯，―Touie‖。她患上了肺结核，1906年7月4日去世。[19]明年他与伊丽莎白·莱基，让他第一次见面，并爱上了在17年结婚。他一直保持着与Jean柏拉图式的关系，而他的路易莎出对她的忠诚，还活着。吉恩去世于1940年6月27日在伦敦。

柯南道尔五个孩子的父亲。他与他的第一任妻子玛丽·路易丝（18年1月28日 - 1976年6月12日），阿瑟·阿莱恩金斯利称为金斯利（12年11月15日 - 1918年10月28日）的。他与他的第二任妻子也有三：丹尼斯·珀西·斯图尔特（1909年3月17日 - 1955年3月9日）的第二任丈夫 - 让莉娜（1912年12月21日 - 18日，格鲁吉亚公主尼娜Mdivani，阿德里安·马尔科姆（1970年6月1910年11月19日） 1997年11月）。 [编辑]福尔摩斯的―死亡‖

战斗福尔摩斯和莫里亚蒂在莱辛瀑布。西德尼·佩吉特艺术。

柯南道尔在10年在维也纳学习眼科，并在11年移居到伦敦成立一个实践作为眼科医生。他在自传中写道，没有一个病人越过他的门。这给了他更多的时间写作，并在11年11月，他写信给他的妈妈：―我想杀死福尔摩斯，他和所有清

盘，他从我的脑海里，更好的东西。‖他的母亲回答，―你不会的！你不能！你不得！‖[20]

在13年12月，他的时间，以奉献更多更―重要‖的作品，他的历史的小说，柯南道尔福尔摩斯和莫里亚蒂教授显然投身到他们的死亡一起下来赖欣巴哈在瀑布的故事―最后的问题‖。然而，哗然，导致他的性格，早在1901年带来巴斯克维尔的猎犬，虽然这在赖欣巴哈事件前的时间设置。柯南道尔在1903年，出版他的第一霍姆斯在短短十几年的故事，―空房子的冒险‖，其中有人解释说，只有莫里亚蒂下降，但因为福尔摩斯有其他危险的敌人，尤其是上校塞巴斯蒂安莫兰他安排也被认为死。霍姆斯最终在总共56个短篇故事和四个柯南道尔小说特色，一直以来出现在许多其他作家的小说和故事。 简斯坦福标识莫里亚蒂在芬尼亚约翰·奥康纳电力的的特点。 ―最后一个问题‖，公布了今年第二次自治条例草案―通过下议院。 ―谷‖的恐惧在1914年的序列化，今年，地方自治，爱尔兰法案（Sept.18）放在―规约‖书[21] [编辑]政治竞选活动

―在20世纪之交和来自世界各地的超过英国的行为的谴责南非波尔战争之后，柯南道尔写1短的小册子‖在南非的战争：其原因和行为，而正当英国的作用在布尔战争和被广泛翻译。多伊尔曾担任志愿者医生[22]在3月和1900年6月间在布隆方丹LANGMAN场医院。

柯南道尔的房子在南诺伍德，伦敦

柯南道尔相信这是这本小册子，导致他在1902年被封为爵士，并任命副中尉萨里。此外，在1900年，他写的书，大布尔战争。在20世纪初的几年中，阿瑟爵士两次跑了自由工会会员曾在爱丁堡一次霍伊克自治都市，但尽管他收到一位可敬的表决，他没有当选为议会。

柯南道尔参与署莫瑞尔记者和外交官罗杰·凯斯门特的带领下，在刚果自由邦的改革运动。在1909年他写道：刚果，长的小册子中，他谴责在该国的恐怖犯罪。他结识成为莫瑞尔和平开窗，这是可能的，连同伯特伦·弗莱彻·鲁宾逊，[23]他们在1912年的小说―失落的世界启发的几个字符。

他打破了既当莫瑞尔成为第一次世界大战期间的和平运动的领导人之一，时平开窗复活节期间英国叛国罪而被定罪，对瑞星。柯南道尔的企图未能成功保存死刑平开窗，争辩，他被赶出疯了，是不是对自己的行为负责。 [编辑]纠正不公正

柯南道尔雕像Crowborough

柯南道尔也是一个正义的热切的倡导者和个人两个封闭的情况下，导致两名男子被免除，他们被指控的罪行进行调查。第一种情况下，于1906年，涉及一个害羞的一半英国，一半印律师名为乔治Edalji的，据称曾写下恐吓信和肢解动物。警方Edalji的信念，即使肢解后继续他们的犯罪嫌疑人被关押。

这是部分结果作为刑事上诉于1907年成立的情况下，所以不仅没有科南的多伊尔帮助乔治Edalji，他的工作帮助建立纠正司法不公的方式。的柯南道尔和Edalji的故事是虚构的2005年朱利安·巴恩斯的小说亚瑟与乔治。西尾恐怖（1976），尼古拉斯·迈耶的拼贴，霍姆斯管理，以帮助明确一个害羞的帕西印度由英国司法系统委屈的字符的名称。 edalji自己是一个帕西。 第二种情况，即奥斯卡·斯莱特，1德国犹太人和的巢穴运营棍棒于1908年在

格拉斯哥82，今年的老女人，兴奋，因为起诉案件中的不一致柯南道尔好奇心和1一般意义上，斯莱特是被定罪不认罪。他结束了在1928年支付斯莱特的上诉成功的大部分费用。[24] [编辑]死亡

严重柯南道尔爵士，英国Minstead

柯南道尔被发现在大厅，他的房子在东萨塞克斯Crowborough，Windlesham捂着胸口，1930年7月7日。他在71岁时死于心脏病发作的。他的最后一句话是指向他的妻子：―你是太好了。‖[28]在他去世时，有一些争议，关于他的埋葬地点，因为他公然是不是一个徒，认为自己是一个巫师。他被安葬在墓地围墙外面的坟墓匿名，汉普郡新森林unconsecrated在Minstead地上。直到二十世纪后期，跨平顶墓碑毫无题词。墓地已被延长和柯南道尔的遗体，其中包括新的坟墓之中。他的记忆和他的妻子的记忆刻木粒举行私下和公众都无法访问。的题词是，―直刃/钢真/柯南道尔/ 5月22日出生的1859/7月7日的1930年通过的。‖在他的墓碑在墓地的墓志铭读取（部分）：

钢TRUEBLADE STRAIGHTARTHUR柯南DOYLEKNIGHTPATRIOT，医生及文学家

undershaw，伦敦的家附近，南后脑柯南道尔已建成并居住至少十年，是酒店和餐厅从1924年直到2004年。然后由开发商购买，以来一直是空的，而保育和柯南道尔球迷的争取保留。[19]

一个雕像荣誉柯南道尔Crowborough跨Crowborough，他在那里住了23年。还有福尔摩斯雕像皮卡广场，爱丁堡，接近柯南道尔出生的房子。